CHALLENGES IN DOING SOCIALLY RELEVANT AND INTERDISCIPLINARY NRM

RESEARCH FOR INTEGRATED DEVELOPMENT

SXarrlchchmira LAC Centre for Interdiiplinary Studies in Environment and Development

ISEC Campus, Nagarabhavi, Bangalore 560 072, India

Introduction "Development" has become the primary (if not the only) goal of societal decision-making in the modem era:- is pamcularly true for countries that face material poverty, which, not surprisingly, are then called "less developed countries". The first half or x, of the 206 century saw a very rapid increase in human capacity to harness and modify natural resources and process% to extract material benefits from them-an increase that was driven by the dramatic strides we made in s c i ~ e ' and technology. It was assumed that, through appropriate planning and economic policies, technology-driven improvements in material well-being of all mankind would by inevitable. The latter Mf of the 2W century saw, however, the emergeye of environmental conce-oncem that m hamessing nature to meet qur wergmwing needs and wants, we were violating the limits and thrdholds of natural processes and causing major h a m to current and futwe human well-being. Simultaneously, it became more and more apparent that alarge fraction of humanity, already subjected to deprivation in the co onlal era, was being left out of the development process. t ' . I n t e g r a v sono-environmental concerns into development thlnking is now seen as imperative. "Integrated development", "em-development" (Strong, 1 p Riddell, 1981) or "sustainable development" (World Commissi n on Env~ronment and Development, 1987) are all cxprcssions

'Although the term "sdence" should include the natural and the social sciences, the phrase "science and technology" invariably excludes the social sciences. Fallowing this conventiap the term "science" will refer only ta'nahlral and physical sciences unless

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