CHALLENGES IN

DEVELOPMENTOF

INDIAN POWER SYSTEM

Mr. V. RamakrishnaMember (Power System), CEA

HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT

EMERGING SCENARIO

CHALLENGES IN PLANNING

CHRONOLOGYPOWER DEVELOPMENT INITIAL YEARS Isolated Systems around Urban and Industrial AreasELECTRICITY (SUPPLY) ACT,1948. Rationalisation of Production and Supply of

Electricity and creation of CEA for this purpose. Extension of benefits of Electricity to Semi-urban and

Rural areas in most efficient and economical manner. Linking together contiguous areas to establish ‘Grid

Systems’. Enabled Provincial Govts to set up SEBs for

development and administration of ‘Grid Systems’.

Concept EmergenceConsolidation

& Integration

STATE GRIDS 1948 50s 60s & 70s

REGIONAL GRIDS 1964 70s 80s & 90s

NATIONAL GRID 1997 2000-2012 / 2015

TOWARDS NATIONAL POWER GRID

Growth in Transmission System

1950 71 81 85 90 92 97 2002 2005

DEVELOPMENT OF INDIAN POWER SYSTEM

CONCEPT SO FAR

Generation & transmission development on Regional self sufficiency.

Inter-regional lines for limited exchange of operational surpluses through asynchronous links.

Exchange in radial mode between ER - NR, WR - SR & ER - NR.

Surplus available not being fully utilized in other deficit regions as previous plans were not for bulk inter-regional transfer.

PROJECTS DEMAND 2011-12 16th EPS

REGIONS PEAK LOAD ENERGY (GW) (Average GU per day)

NORTHERN 49 0.85WESTERN 47 0.82SOUTHERN 42 0.72EASTERN 16 0.25NORTH-EASTERN 3 0.04ALL-INDIA 157 2.70

The above projection taken as basis for evolving perspective transmission plan for 2011-12.

GENERATION SCENARIO

PROJECTION 2011-12

16TH EPS

INSTALLED CAPACITY 210 GW

PEAK DEMAND 157 GW

ENERGY (Average) 2.7 GU per day

DEVELOPMENT OF GRID- WHAT NEXT ?

Regional Grids consolidated Stage set for optimization at National level Disposition of energy resources is uneven

Major Hydro resources in NER & NR Coal reserves mostly in Bihar/ Orissa/ West Bengal. Not much further Hydro Potential in WR & SR. Not much further coal potential in NR & WR. Environmental problems limiting further exploitation of

Hydro Potential

Optimal location of new generating resources in ER / NER.

DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY PERSPECTIVE

SUBSTANTIAL SAVINGS POSSIBLE WITH POWER DEVELOPMENT PLANNED ON COUNTRYWISE BASIS AND THE SYSTEM OPERATED ACCORDINGLY

SAVINGS ON ACCOUNT OF:DEMAND DIVERSITIESRESERVE SHARINGOPTIMAL LOCATION OF GENERATIONENHANCED UTILISATION OF OPERATIONAL SURPLUSSES

AND MERIT ORDER GENERATION ON A WIDER SCALE.

TO ACHIEVE THE ABOVE A NATIONAL GRID IS BEING DEVELOPED

Physical LinksSPECIAL CHARACTERISTICS OF TRANSMISSION SYSTEM

MUST BE ADEQUATE AND RELIABLE TO MEET EVACUATION REQUIREMENT FOR EACH STATION SEPERATELY.

MUST PROVIDE RELIABLE DISPERSAL TO DISTRIBUTION NETWORK OF EACH AREA.

SHOULD FIT WELL INTO LONG TERM SYSTEM NEEDS

AMENABLE FOR STAGE DEVELOPMENT

OPTIMALLY UTILISE TRANSMISSION CORRIDORS

PLANNED TO MEET EXTREME CREDIBLE CONTINGENCIES

In case of inter regional lines this would mean increased surplus in normally surplus regions and simultaneously increased deficit in normally deficit region.

Growth in Inter-Regional Transmission CapacityINTER REGIONAL TRANSMISSION CAPACITY All figures in MW

YEAR 2002 2005 2007 2010 2012

765kV 0 0 1100 2200 9200

400kV 1000 2400 7800 11400 16400

HVDC bi-pole 0 2000 2500 2500 6500

HVDC b-t-b 2000 3000 3000 3000 3000

HVDC mono-pole 200 200 200 200 200

220kV 1850 1850 1850 1850 1850

TOTAL 5050 9450 16450 21150 37150

0

5000

10000

15000

20000

25000

30000

35000

40000

2002 2005 2007 2010 2012

YEARS

MW

765kV400kVHVDC bi-poleHVDC b-t-bHVDC mono-pole220kV

Inter-regional Lines - X PLAN

At the Start of 10th Plan 5050Added so far 4400To be added during remaining period of 10th Plan

7000Upgradation of Talcher – Kolar HVDC Bipole 500

Muzaffarpur - Gorakhpur 400kV D/C (Quad, TCSC)

2000

Biharshariff-Balia 400kV D/C (Quad) 1200

Patna-Balia 400kV D/C (Quad) 1200

Ranchi-Sipat 400kV D/C (40% Series Comp.) 1000

Agra-Gwalior 765kV S/C line-1 400kV operation

1100

Inter-regional Lines – XI PLAN BARH

Barh-Balia 400 kV D/C (Quad) 1200

ER-WR SCHEME

Rourkela – Raipur 400 kV D/C line – 2 (with TCSC) 1400

NR-WR SCHEME

Agra- Gwalior 765 kV S/C line-2 400kV operation 1100

Kankroli – Zerda 400kV D/C 1000

RAPP-Nagda 400kV D/C 1000

SUBANSIRI

BiswanathChariyali – Agra HVDC Bipole at + 600kV 4000

Bongaigaon – Siliguri 400kV D/C 1000

MAITHON RB, NORTH KARANPURA

North Karanpura-Sipat PP 765 kV S/C 2300

Sasaram-Fatehpur 765 kV S/C (40% Series Comp) 2300

Agra-Gwalior 765 kV S/C line-1 (Operation at 765 kV) 1200

Agra-Gwalior 765kV S/C line-1 (Operation 765 kV) 1200

YET TO BE FIRMED-UP

Hima-Sipat 400kV D/C 1000

Hirma-Raipur 400kV D/C 1000

Parli-Raichur 400kV D/C 1000

All India (addition during 11th Plan) 20700

Projected Requirement of Inter-Regional Transmission of Power

  Winter Off Peak   Winter Peak  

Regions Availability DemandDeficit/ Surplus   Availability Demand

Deficit/ Surplus

               

Northern 26086 31374 -5288   36052 44820 -8768

Western 43037 33651 9386   46312 51770 -5458

Southern 30024 24902 5122   34886 38310 -3424

Eastern 23438 8606 14832   25753 13240 12513

North-Eastern 1985 1404 581   4605 2160 2445

               

Total 124570 99937 24633   147608 150300 -2692

Projected Requirement of Inter-Regional Transmission of Power cont…3

  Summer Off Peak   Summer Peak

Regions Availability DemandDeficit/ Surplus   Availability Demand

Deficit/ Surplus

               

Northern 38485 40338 -1853   42222 44820 -2598

Western 43052 36239 6813   45508 51770 -6262

Southern 31987 26817 5170   35633 36395 -762

Eastern 23948 9268 14680   25685 13240 12445

North-Eastern 5260 1512 3748   6570 2160 4410

               

Total 142732 114174 28558   155618 148385 7233

Programme – TRANSMISSION LINES

PROGRAMME

X Plan XI Plan

765 kV cKm 1040 3200

HVDC+ 600kV cKm 0 3600

HVDC+ 500Kv cKm 2740 1800

400 kV cKm 23180 44440

As at the end of

9th Plan 2004-05 10th Plan 11th Plan

765 kV cKm 970 970 2010 5210

HVDC+ 600kV cKm 0 0 0 3600

HVDC+ 500Kv cKm 3140 5880 5880 7680

400 kV cKm 49380 59170 72560 117000

Programme – SUBSTATIONS

PROGRAMME

X Plan XI Plan

765 kV MVA 3000 21500

HVDC bi-pole MVA 2500 6500

HVDC b-t-b MVA 1000 0

400 kV MVA 33675 40000

As at the end of

9th Plan 2004-05 10th Plan 11th Plan

765 kV MVA 0 0 3000 24500

HVDC bi-pole MVA 3000 5000 5500 12000

HVDC b-t-b MVA 2000 3000 3000 3000

400 kV MVA 61325 73500 95000 135000

Inter-linking transmission system under State Sector

Matching transmission system at 220kV and 132 kV Sub-transmission at 66kV and 33kV Distribution system (33kV and below for Rural Areas)

(132kV and below for cities)

System up to the final destination catering to the load growth and ensure delivery of the electricity up to the end consumers in the country.

220 kV & 132 kV Normative Estimate(including R &M)

(not included in NEP, should form part of States’ Plan)

PROGRAMME

X Plan XI Plan

230 /220 kv cKm 20000 23000

132/ 110 kV cKm 22000 20000

230/220 kV MVA 35000 69000

132 /110 kV MVA 32000 53000

As at the end of

9th Plan 2004-05 10th Plan 11th Plan

230 /220 kv cKm 97000 106000 117000 140000

132/ 110 kV cKm 118000 130000 140000 160000

230/220 kV MVA 116000 139000 151000 220000

132 /110 kV MVA 120000 136000 152000 205000

MAJ OR TRANSMISSION NETWORK OF INDIA

Uncertainty in load growth Impact on Transmission planning

Delicensing of Thermal Generation Need for periodic review of plan.

CHALLENGES IN POWER SYSTEM PLANNING

SCHEDULE OF H.E. PROJECTS

Constraints in RoW

Creation of Pooling Points & bulk transmission Experience of Kishanpur – Moga 765kV line.

CHALLENGES IN POWER SYSTEM PLANNING (Contd..)

OPEN ACCESS IN TRANSMISSION

Market driven exchanges may influence pattern of power flow

Periodic review and strengthening

CHALLENGES IN POWER SYSTEM PLANNING (Contd..)

RoW CONSTRAINT Environmental Wild Life sanctuaries Multi circuit lines ?

Urban areas GIS, high capacity lines

Utilisation of Hydro potential in North East

CHALLENGES IN POWER SYSTEM PLANNING (Contd..)

Transmission System for Hydro development in NER

30-35 GW of Hydro potential in North-eastern Region10 GW from Sikkim and Bhutan

Substantial power from this region would be required to be transmitted to NR/WR over distances exceeding 2000 km.

Right of way constraints in the chicken neck area. Hybrid network of EHVDC and high capacity 400 kV

AC would be developed.

Emerging Technologies

Problems associated with development of All

India Grid

Upgrading of Protection system

Isolation of faulty system

Defense mechanism

Emerging Technologies (contd…)

GIS, FACTS etc

Compression of construction period

Satellite imagery

Standardization of Tower Design

Modern construction techniques

Failure rate of transformers