CHA Presentation on CEF Comprehensive Campus Renewable Energy Feasibility Study
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Transcript of CHA Presentation on CEF Comprehensive Campus Renewable Energy Feasibility Study
![Page 1: CHA Presentation on CEF Comprehensive Campus Renewable Energy Feasibility Study](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022052511/568c0f511a28ab955a93aa23/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Presentation to
Comprehensive Campus Renewable Energy Feasibility Study
design/construction solutions
November 13, 2012
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Overview
• Study Goals and Objectives
• Renewable & Energy Efficiency Incentives
• Solar PV
• Combined Heat & Power (CHP)
• Solar Thermal
• Fuel Cells
• Biomass
• Anaerobic Digestion
• Wind Energy
• Geothermal
• Next Steps
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Study Goals & Objectives
• Identify locations & applications
− Buildings, grounds, utility infrastructure, historical significance
• Review technology & best practices
− State and local regulatory requirements
− Incentive programs
• Conformance to 2006 Master Plan
• Review existing studies
• Economic analysis
• UVM Student participation
• GIS Map
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Student Participation
• Student ownership of the study
• Provided crucial insight into campus operations
• Research − Solar PV Surveys (all)
− Wind (Ryan Darlow)
− Solar Thermal (Jack Lehrecke)
− Geothermal (Rich Smith)
• Extracurricular − Visit to South Burlington Solar Farm
− AllEarth Renewables factory tour
− Engineering & Consulting career path exploration
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Vermont Renewables & Efficiency Incentives
Vermont SPEED / Standard Offer Program
• Program is full, but electronic
applications still being accepted
• 2.2 MWE maximum
Vermont Clean Energy Development Fund
• Loan and grant program is (currently) closed
• Theoretically open to CHP but no evidence that any have been submitted / awarded
Local Utility Solar Tariffs
• BED: $0.20/kWh, connect directly to grid
• GMP: $0.06/kWh, net metering ‘bonus’
LEVELLIZED PRICES
(for information purposes only) $/kWh
Solar PV 0.271 Hydro 0.123 Landfill Gas 0.090 Farm Methane 0.141 Wind - over 100 kW 0.118 Wind - 100 kW or less 0.253 Biomass 0.125
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Small-Scale Renewable Energy Incentive Program
Solar Photovoltaic (PV)
• $2.10/W DC up to 10 kW, $1.40/W DC up to 60 kW.
• Maximum incentive $97,500 or up to 50% of project costs,
Solar Hot Water
• $3.00/100 Btu/d up to 1,500 kBtu/d,
• Maximum incentive of $45,000 or 50% of the costs
Wind
• Hybrid incentive: (capacity-based + performance-based)
• $1.20 per kWh with a maximum incentive of $455,000
• 60% paid on installation; 40% at year one
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Solar PV
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Solar PV
• Technologies
• Installation best practices
• Incentives
• Locations • 66 buildings
• 29 parking lots
• 3 ground mount sites
Aggregate Summary of UVM Solar PV Opportunities Total Installable Capacity (kW) 6,525 Total Annual Output (MWh) 7,861 2011 Campus Electrical Usage (MWh) 63,809 Percent Offset 12.04 %
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Solar PV Sample Site Report
Total Useable Roof Space: 40,000 sq.ft. Type: Ballasted Roof-Mount Tilt Angle: 10° Orientation: 170° South Estimated Installed Cost $/watt: $4.16 Estimated Installed Cost: $1,330,000 Payback (with no incentives): 18 years Payback (with incentives): 17 years Annual Electrical Usage: 3,655,385 kWh* (*usage is for entire complex) Annual Solar Generation: 384,000 kWh % offset: 10.51 %
Solar PV System Size: 320kW Basis of Design Equipment: • Sharp 250W Mono Solar Modules • SunLink Ballasted Racking System • 1x 250 kW PV Powered Inverter • Cooper Crouse Hinds Disconnecting,
Surge Protection Combiner Boxes
PATRICK GYM
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Combined Heat & Power / Cogeneration
the simultaneous production of two or more useful forms of energy from a single fuel source (usually electricity and
steam or hot-water) at higher combined efficiency
Potential Opportunities: Cage Complex CHP
University Heights CHP
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Combined Heat & Power / Cogeneration
Cage Complex CHP Plant
3.5 MW Gas Turbine Generator (GTG) with single-pressure Heat Recovery Steam Generator (HRSG)
Steam & Feedwater connected to existing Cage systems – 19,000 / 50,000 lb/hr steam (unfired / supplementary fired)
Electrically connected to ~11 large-load buildings near Cage: • New per-building 13.8 kV feeders (underway) • BED 13.8 kV upgrade* to Cage • BED standby charge & other legal / commercial negotiations • Building electrical load-following required
Vermont Gas supply system upgrades*
$15.7 mm*, net of $2.9 mm avoided boiler upgrade cost (* BED / VG upgrade costs not included)
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Combined Heat & Power / Cogeneration
Cage Complex CHP Plant
WMG 2006 Study Basis
• 4.5 MW gas turbine and 60,000 lb/hr fired HRSG
• 9 buildings connected electrically
• Steam loads peaking at 130,000 lb/hr
2012 UVM and Potential Cogeneration System Changes
• 2 more buildings – Davis & Jeffords
• UVM utilities group energy efficiency / conservation have lowered electrical & thermal loads
• 3.5 MW gas turbine and 50,000 lb/hr fired HRSG
• Increased project cost / complexity
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Combined Heat & Power / Cogeneration
1st-Year Annual Savings / Simple-Payback
20-Year Present-Worth / Break Even Point
A Cage Complex CHP Plant may warrant further examination.
Gas Price $/mmbtu 5.00 5.00 7.50 7.50 10.00 10.00 12.85 12.85
Avoided Electricity Price c/kW.hr 12.1 15.0 12.1 15.0 12.1 15.0 12.1 15.0
Net Installed Cost $mm 15.7 15.7 15.7 15.7 15.7 15.7 15.7 15.7
Total Savings $mm 6.3 7.2 7.7 8.6 9.1 10.0 10.7 11.5
Total Costs $mm 4.2 4.2 5.9 5.9 7.7 7.7 9.7 9.7
1st-Year Annual Savings $mm 2.2 3.0 1.8 2.7 1.4 2.3 1.0 1.9
Simple Payback Years 7 5 9 6 11 7 15 8
Gas Price $/mmbtu 5.00 5.00 7.50 7.50 10.00 10.00 12.85 12.85
Electricity Price c/kW.hr 12.1 15.0 12.1 15.0 12.1 15.0 12.1 15.0
1st-Year Annual Savings
$mm 2.18 3.04 1.81 2.67 1.44 2.30 1.02 1.88
20-Year Present Worth $mm 15.5 30.6 9.0 24.1 2.5 17.6 -4.9 10.2
Break-Even Point Years 10 7 13 8 17 9 N/A 12
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Combined Heat & Power / Cogeneration
University Heights CHP
Potentially a modest “cogeneration” island:
• Relatively steady electrical load ~ 250 kW • Hot-Water heating system (fed by Cage steam via HXE)
Microturbines, Fuel Cells or Gas-Fired Reciprocating Engine – with integral or external hot-water CHP system
Simple Economic Summary - $5.00 gas; 15.0 c/kW.hr electricity
* For different gas / electricity prices, payback is 15~25+ years. Payback is sensitive to building thermal useage / CHP hot-water generation matching
Description Units
Capstone Microturbine
Typical Recip. Engine
UTC 400 Fuel Cell (too big) C65 ICHP C200
Installed Cost $ 425,000 1,250,000 1,250,000 2,000,000 Net Power kW 60 180 225 388 Thermal Heat mmbtu/hr 0.4 1.0 0.7 1.6 Annual Net Savings $ 51,635 161,937 216,863 345,866 Nominal Payback * years 8 8 6 6
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Solar Thermal
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Solar Thermal
• Technology • Collectors, storage, and heat exchangers
• Applications • Year-round hot water demand
• Incentives
• Challenges • Central steam plant
• Locations • Marsh, Austin, Tupper, Living and
Learning D, University Heights, Harris Millis Dining, Simpson Dining
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Solar Thermal Harris Millis Commons Site Report
Installation Detail System Spec.
Collector Area 1606 sq.ft.
Number of Collectors 40
Number of Arrays 5
DHW Demand 2,402 Gal/day
Temperature Setting 140 °F
System Flow Rate 44.8 gpm
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Fuel Cells
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Fuel Cells • PEM & SOFC fuel cells
- Bloom Energy 100, 200 kW - UTC Power 400 kW
• Cogeneration with UTC model • Site requirements:
- large, consistent load - Heat load for UTC model
• High installed cost • Payback versus stack replacement • Maintenance and performance degradation • Potentially economically viable with low price
gas and high price electricity.
Description Bloom 100kW Bloom 200kW UTC 400KW
Installed Cost $1,000,000 $1,300,000 $2,000,000 Annual Net Savings $76,000 $152,000 $345,000
Payback (years) 13 9 6
Simple Economic Summary with 5.00 gas and 15.0 c/kW.hr electricity
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Biomass
Typically wood chips, bark, sawdust, wood process residues, wood pellets, wood pallets, agricultural waste, yard clippings
and even municipal solid wastes
Thermal energy (heat); both electricity and thermal energy (i.e. CHP); or a renewable biogas or syngas.
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Biomass
Trinity Campus – Biomass – Heating Only
• Review/update of the 2011 Intern Trinity Biomass Study
• Examined Trinity buildings currently heated by gas boilers
• Basic economic and other considerations:
- High capital cost – biomass combustion boiler or gasifier
- Biomass price uncertainty
- Externalities – physical space, truck traffic, emissions
- Additional operators and O&M
• Simple payback 10~14 years at current gas prices, but uncompetitive if gas prices drop
• May be uncompetitive v.s. an extension of the UVM steam distribution system
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Biomass
Trinity Campus Biomass CHP
• UVM is considering district heating for electrically-heated Trinity buildings (requires new buried piping and per-room electric-to-hot-water heating coil conversions)
• Consider a modest CHP with hot-water for those buildings, plus electrical generation, for example: - AG-125 proprietary biomass cogeneration system - 100 kW net electrical output – heating-season only - 1.2 mmbtu/hr thermal output – heating season only
• $3.0~$3.5 mm (buried services / conversions not included)
• Simple Payback, based on 1st-year Annual Savings: - 20+ to 70+ years - Vermont SPEED biomass (12.5 c/kW.hr) does not
improve economics
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Biomass
Cage Complex Biomass CHP
• Assume modestly sized biomass CHP (due to lack of fuel storage space)
• Same AG-125 proprietary biomass cogeneration system
- 100 kW net electrical output – year-round - 1.2 mmbtu/hr thermal output – year-round - Thermal output used to pre-heat condensate – decreases
deaerator steam required
• $3.0~$3.5 mm capital cost
• Same externalities – space, truck traffic, emissions
• Simple Payback, based on 1st-year Annual Savings: - 20+ to 90+ years - Vermont SPEED biomass (12.5 c/kW.hr) does not
improve economics
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Anaerobic Digestion
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Anaerobic Digestion
• Degradable organic waste collection - Existing compost program - Landscaping - Mixed manures
• Digestion to RNG • CNG vehicles
• Economic Viability & Challenges • Large capital investment • Annual operations costs = fuel
savings • Payback non-existent • Vehicle fleet changes • Consider externalities • Environmental advantages
1,000 tons/year
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Wind Energy
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Wind Energy
Small Wind Turbines:
• Siting Conditions &
Locations
• Incentives • UVM Small Scale Renewable
Energy Program
• Northern Power Systems • Feasible for Miller Farm
location
Micro Wind Turbines:
• Building / Ground Mount • Structural issues
• Locations
• Technologies • Cost Estimates
• Challenges
• Paybacks
Campus Wind Speed: • Class 1
• Less than 11.6 mph
Quiet Revolution 6.5 kW
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Wind Energy Miller Farm Site Report
Northern Power Systems – Northwind 100 100 kW - interconnected to main service Annual Output: 170,000 kWh (est.) Installed cost: $640,000 Payback term: 18 years % offset: 25-35%
Site Wind Speed: 10.9 mph @ 30 meter hub height
Bolton Valley Ski Resort
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Geothermal
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Geothermal
• Ground source heat pump
– Hybrid system
• Site selection:
– Available space for wells
– Independent of central plant
– Heating & cooling load
• The Back Five
– Replacing electric heat
• Mercy, McAuley
– Existing boilers to be replaced in near term
• ‘Residential’ buildings
Sites: • The Back Five • Mercy • McAuley • Blundell House • Mann Hall • UVM
Rescue/Police Services/PPD
• Waterman
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Next Steps
Renewable Energy Options – review, categorize, evaluate, resolve technology conflicts, prioritize, further detailed-study and decide on implementation
Solar PV / Thermal CHP/Cogeneration/Fuel Cells
Wind Generation Biomass – Heating / CHP
Geothermal Anaerobic Digestion / Biogas
Energy Efficiency – Buildings and Systems
• Optimize electricity useage / find “negawatts”
• Continue to improve steam / condensate distribution system
Energy Cost Reduction – Electricity
• Smart Metering
• Building electrical load / BED invoice aggregation
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Thank You
It was a pleasure working with the UVM Clean Energy Fund team and the interns