AP BIOLOGY CHAPTER GUIDE

Ch. 8 - Cellular Respiration1. Write the overall equation for cellular respiration including oxidized and reduced molecules.

2. Define the process of cellular respiration (p.136).

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3. NAD+ is a type of __________________ which can be ________________ to form NADH. (p.136)

4. NAD+ needs 2 ________________ and 1 ___________________ to form NADH.

5. The main role of NAD+ and FAD+ is to __________________________________________.

6. What condition must be met for pyruvate to enter the mitochondria? (p. 137)

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7. If this condition is not met, where does pyruvate go? What is this process called? (p. 140)

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8. Why is it essential for fermentation to be reduced when oxygen is not available? (p. 140)

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9a. What is one advantage and one disadvantage of fermentation? (p. 140)

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AP BIOLOGY CHAPTER GUIDE

9b. Fill in the flow chart of cellular respiration (I suggest you do this after reading the chapter).

AP BIOLOGY CHAPTER GUIDE

10. Label the diagram of the mitochondrion below and the steps or products of cellular respiration.(Figure 8.9)

1. ________________

2. ________________

3. ________________

4. ________________

5. ________________

6. ________________

7. ________________

11. What is glycolysis and where does it take place? (p. 135)

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12. What are the overall outputs of glycolysis? (p. 135)

a. ________________________

b. ________________________

c. ________________________

13. Define the citric acid cycle. What are the overall outputs of this process? (figure 8.7)

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a. ________________________

b. ________________________

c. ________________________

d. ________________________

1

glycolysis

4

3

2

5

2 ATP 6 7

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11. Examine the mitochondrion below. Describe the process that occurs in each area: (p. 142)

a. cristae - ___________________________________________________________________

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b. matrix - ___________________________________________________________________

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12. Define the electron transport chain (ETC). (p. 144)

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13. What is the role of oxygen in cellular respiration? What happens if oxygen is not present? (p. 144)

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AP BIOLOGY CHAPTER GUIDE

14. (This is a summary of steps of the events occurring during the electron transport chain). (p.144-45)

1. Hydrogen ions are pumped from the matrix of the mitochondrion into the ______________

space. They do this by obtaining energy from ____________ passing through the membrane

proteins of the ETC.

2. These hydrogen ions and electrons come from the oxidation of _________ and ________.

3. As hydrogen ions move out of the cristae, ______________ move through the cristae, carried

by various carrier proteins.

4. H+ ions continue to be pumped out of the matrix which creates a _________ ___________ .

5. This gradient results in the movement of H+ ions from the intermembrane space back into

the matrix through a process called ____________________ .

6. Part of this process also results in the production of _______ with the help of the ATP

synthase protein.

15. Which of these processes produces the most ATP? (circle one) (p. 146)

Substrate-level ATP synthesis ETC and chemiosmosis

16. Describe each letter of the ETC below: (p. 145)

A. __________________________________________________ __________________________

B. __________________________________________________ _____________

C. __________________________________________________ _____________ _____________

A

B C

AP BIOLOGY CHAPTER GUIDE

17. Compare and contrast mitochondria and chloroplasts role in cellular energetics. (p. 148)

18. This is figure 8.11 in your text. Notice how

some compounds are oxidized in

photosynthesis (water) and reduced in

respiration (oxygen).

Remember that NADPH donates electrons

and hydrogen ions to create organics (i.e.

glucose, sucrose) during photosynthesis.

NAD+ accepts electrons and hydrogen ions to

create the waste product carbon dioxide

during cellular respiration.

Mitochondria ChloroplastsUse of membrane

Electron Transport Chain (ETC)

Enzymes