Ch.7, Sec.2 – The War Expands Help from Abroad Help from Abroad - France is still bitter about...

Ch.7, Sec.2 – The War Expands

Help from Abroad

- France is still bitter about losing all North American holdings to England in the French & Indian War, and they are reluctant to publicly become an ally of the American colonies

- simply put, France did not want to lose to England a 2nd time

- after America’s victory at Saratoga, King Louis XVI of France signed the treaty of alliance with the United States:

1. France will go to war against England

2. They will recognize U.S. independence King Louis XVI


- the victory at Saratoga proved to other countries that we could beat England!

3. They will send funds, supplies, and troops to America

4. The will persuade their ally, Spain, to help the Americans


Europeans Help Washington

Name From Contribution

Bernardo deGalvez

Spain

Spanish governor of Louisiana – captured British forts in lower

Mississippi Valley & West Florida to prevent British from attacking U.S. from

southwest and to keep thousands of British troops occupied instead of

fighting the Americans.

Tadeusz Koscuiszko

Poland Taught the U.S. to build forts & trenches effectively.


Name From Contribution

Marquis deLafayette

France

A 19 year old who fought with Washington & bought uniforms for

soldiers with his own money – Washington regarded him almost as a

son.

Baron deKalb

GermanyA general for Washington who was

extremely brave.

Baron VonSteuben

GermanyTrained all our troops in the use of

weaponry (bayonets) & soldier skills. Gave them a sense of pride & self-

respect.


Winter at Valley Forge

- the American encampment during the winter of 1777-1778

- Washington & his men were forced by British General Howe to camp at Valley Forge in Southeastern Pennsylvania

- ¼ of them died from: 1. malnutrition 2. exposure to cold

3. disease

- many had no shoes or clothes and had their legs amputated from frostbite

- many soldiers deserted or went AWOL during this tough time


General George Washington enduring the winter with his troops at Valley Forge…


- read all three excerpts on the Valley Forge handout & answer the accompanying four questions

- try to put yourself in George Washington’s place for question #2


War on the Frontier

- George Rogers Clark defended the Western Frontier (today in Illinois & Indiana)

- in May of 1778, Clark & 200 frontiersmen captured British posts at Kaskaskia & Cahokia

- then, they took Vincennes (Indiana) by sneaking through swamps & executing Native Americans in front of the fort for the British to see


Site of Fort Kaskaskia, Illinois Site of Fort Cahokia, Illinois


the taking of Fort SackvilleThe Memorial at Vincennes, Indiana


The Memorial at Vincennes, Indiana


War at Sea

- Americans hired privateers to attack British ships, take cargo, sell it, and share the profits with the colonists

- these privateers disrupted trade causing some British to call for an end to the Revolutionary War

- over 1,000 privateers were hired to prey on the British!


- many people were willing to work on privateer ships as volunteers

- James Forten, a 14-year-old African American was a privateer volunteer who was captured by the British after his ship, the Royal Louis, was taken

James Forten

- after his release, he walked home from New York to Philadelphia barefoot (the British offered him a free trip to England but he refused because he loved being a free American)


A Naval Hero

- England had the most powerful navy in the world

- in 1779, John Paul Jones commanded the American Warship, Bonhomme (Bonom) Richard

- he engaged the British Warship, Serapis and was quoted as saying, “I have not yet begun to fight!” when told to surrender by the British

John Paul Jones


- as Bonhomme Richard sank, Jones & his men jumped onto the Serapis and continued fighting until they won!!!

- John Paul Jones became known as the “Father of the American Navy”


The Bonhomme Richard vs. the Serapis (1779)

Ch.7, Sec.2 – The War Expands Help from Abroad Help from Abroad - France is still bitter about...

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