Ch4capp Apt
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Transcript of Ch4capp Apt
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APT
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Computer Assisted Part Programming
The alternative to manual part programming is the useof high-level programming language, which:
Defines the geometry part in terms of basicgeometry elements (points, lines )
Instructs the machine about the cutting tool
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Computer Assisted Part
Programming
So the following procedures must be used to obtain the G-code:
The programmer identifies the part geometry, cutter motions,
feeds, speeds and cutter parameters The programmer codes the part geometry, cutter motion,
feed etc and this is the source using a programminglanguage
The source is then compiled to produce the machineindependent list of cutter movements and other machinecontrol information (the cutter location control data file or CLdata file)
The CL data are processed by post-processor to generatemachine control data for the particular machine
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APT Language
The most comprehensive and widely used language is
Automatically Programmed Tool (APT) the first prototype of the
APT system was developed at MIT in 1956.
The APT statements belong to one of the five types:
Identification statements
Geometry statements
Motion statements Post-processor statements
Auxiliary statements
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Sample Point Statements
PTA = POINT/3,4,5
PTB LIN1
LIN2
PTB = POINT/ INTOF, LIN1,LIN2
PTC
PTDC1
LIN3
PTC = POINT/YLARGE, INTOF, LIN3,C1
PTC = POINT/XLARGE, INTOF, LIN3,C1
PTD = POINT/YSMALL, INTOF, LIN3,C1
PTD = POINT/XSMALLE, INTOF, LIN3,C1
x
y
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APT Language
Geometry statements, the general form of geometrystatement is:
Symbol = geometry_word/descriptive data
In the case of points:
P1 = POINT/X, Y, Z
P2 = POINT/L1, L2
P3 = POINT/CENTER, C1
P4= POINT/YLARGE, INTOF, L1, C1P5= POINT/XLARGE, INTOF, L1, C1
P6= POINT/XLARGE, INTOF, C1, C1
P7= POINT/YLARGE, INTOF, C1, C1
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APT Language
In the case of lines:
L1 = LINE/X1, Y1, Z1, X2, Y2, Z2
L2 = LINE/P1, P2
L3 = LINE/P1, PARLEL, P2L4 = LINE/P1, PERPTO, L0
L5 = LINE/P1, LEFT, TANTO, C1
L6 = LINE/P1, RIGHT, TANTO, C1
L7 = LINE/LEFT, TANTO, C1, LEFT, TANTO, C2
L8 = LINE/LEFT, TANTO, C1, RIGHT, TANTO, C2L9 = LINE/RIGHT, TANTO, C1, LEFT, TANTO, C2
L10 = LINE/RIGHT, TANTO, C1, RIGHT, TANTO, C2
L11 = LINE/P1, ATANGL, L0
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APT Language
In the case of circles:
C1 = CIRCLE/X, Y, Z, R
C2 = CIRCLE/CENTER, P1, RADIOUS, R
C3 = CIRCLE/CENTER, P1, TANTO, L0C4 = CIRCLE/P1, P2, P3
C5 = CIRCLE/XSMALL, L1, XSMALL, L2, RADIOUS, R
And the same with XLARGE, YLARGE or YSMALL
In the case of planes:PL1 = PLANE/P1, P2, P3
PL2 = PLANE/PARLEL, PL0, XLARGE, D
And the same with XLARGE, YLARGE, YSMALL, ZLARGE or ZSMALL
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APT Language
Motion statements, with regard to point-to-point
operation there are three motion statements for
positioning the tool at a desired point:
FROM/point_location
GOTO/point_location
GODLTA/x, y, z
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APT Language
Example 1:
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APT Language
Answer:
P0 = POINT/0.0, 3.0, 0.1P1 = POINT/1.0, 1.0, 0.1P2 = POINT/2.0, 1.0, 0.1
FROM/P0GOTO/P1GODLTA/0, 0, -0.7GODLTA/0, 0, 0.7
GOTO/P2GODLTA/0, 0, -0.7GODLTA/0, 0, 0.7GOTO/P0
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APT Language
Other Motion statements: GO/{TO}, Drive surface, {TO} Part surface, {TO},
Check surfaceOr
GO/{TO}, Drive surface, {TO} Part surface, {TANTO},Check surfaceAnd the same with PAST or ON instead of TO
GOLFT/ GORGT/ GOUP/
GODOWN/ GOFWD/ GOBACK/
For example:GO/TO, L1, TO, PS, TANTO, C1GO/PAST, L1, TO, PS, TANTO, C1
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APT Language
Example 2:
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APT Language
Answer:
FROM/SP
GO/TO, L1, TO, PS, ON, L4
GORGT/L1, PAST, L2GOLFT/L2, PAST, L3
GOLFT/L3, PAST, C1
GOLFT/C1, PAST, L3
GOLFT/L3, PAST, L4GOLFT/L4, PAST, L1
GOTO/SP
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APT Language
Example 3:
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APT Language
Answer:
FROM/SP
GO/TO, L1, TO, PS, ON, L6
GORGT/L1, PAST, L2
GORGT/L2, TANTO, C1
GOFWD/C1, TANTO, L3
GOFWD/L3, PAST, L4
GOLFT/L4, PAST, L5
GOLFT/L5, PAST, L6
GOLFT/L6, PAST, L1
GOTO/SP
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APT Language
Additional statements: MACHIN/DRILL, 2
COOLNT/
For example:COOLNT/MIST COOLNT/FLOOD COOLNT/OF FEDRAT/
SPINDL/
For example:SPINDL/ON SPINDL/1250, CCLW TOOLNO/ TURRET/
END
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APT Language
Other capabilities of APT, the macro facility, with use variable argument as in aFORTRAN subroutine, for example:P0 = POINT/0.0, 0.3, 0.1FROM/P0CALL/DRILL, X=1.0, Y=1.0, Z=0.1, DEPTH=0.7
CALL/DRILL, X=2.0, Y=1.0, Z=0.1, DEPTH=0.7GOTO/P0
when the definition of the macro DRILL is:DRILL = MACRO/X, Y, Z, DEPTH
GOTO/X,Y,ZGODLTA/0,0, -DEPTHGODLTA/0,0, DEPTHTARMAC
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APT Language
Example 4 (1/2):
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APT Language
Example 4 (2/2):
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APT Language
Answer (1/4):
PARTNO PART11
MACHIN/MILL, 3 ;machine selection
CLPRINT ;prints out CL data file
OUTTOL/0.002SP =POINT/5,0,1P1 =POINT/1,2,0.5P2 =POINT/4,2,0.5P3 =POINT/6,4,0.5
P4 =POINT/8,5,0.5P5 =POINT/9,7,0.5P6 =POINT/2,7,0.5PL1 = PLANE/P1, P2, P3PS = PLANE/PARALEL, PL1, ZSMALL, 0.5
;define part surface to be z = 0
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APT Language
Answer (2/4):
C1 = CIRCLE/CENTER, P4, RADIOUS, 1.0L1 = LINE/P2, P3L2 = LINE/P3, RIGHT, TANTO, C1L3 = LINE/P5, LEFT, TANTO, C1L4 = LINE/P5, P6L5 = LINE/P6, P1L4 = LINE/P1, P2
MILL = MACRO/CUT, SPIN, FEED, CLNTCUTTER/CUT
FEDRAT/FEEDSPINDL/SPINCOOLNT/CLNTFROM/SP
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APT Language
Answer (3/4):
FROM/SP
GO/TO, L1, TO, PS, ON, L6
GORGT/L1, TO, L2
GORGT/L2, TANTO, C1GOFWD/C1, TANTO, L3
GOFWD/L3, PAST, L4
GOLFT/L4, PAST, L5
GOLFT/L5, PAST, L6GOLFT/L6, PAST, L1
GOTO/SP
TERMMAC
TURRET/4
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APT Language
Answer (4/4):
TURRET/4
CALL/MILL, CUT=0.52, SPIN=600, FEED=3.0, CLNT=ON
TURRET/6CALL/MILL, CUT=0.5, SPIN=900, FEED=2.0, CLNT=ON
SPINDL/0
COOLNT/OFF
ENDFINI
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Other Part Programming
Languages
ADAPT (ADaptation APT) was the first attempt to adapt APTprogramming system for smaller computers
AUTOSPOT (AUTOmatic Sytem for POsitioning Tools) wasdeveloped by IBM and first introduced in 1962
EXAPT (EXtended subset of APT) was developed jointly in
German in about 1964 by several universities to adapt APT forEuropean use. It is compatible with APT and thus can use thesame processor as APT
COMPACT was developed by Manufacturing Data Systems,Inc. (MDSI)
SPLIT (Sundstrand Processing Language Internally
Translated) was developed by Sundstrand Corporation,intended for its own machine tools
MAPT (Micro-APT) is a subset of APT, to be run on themicrocomputers
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NC program preparation may be tedious and
difficult if the part to be machined has acomplex geometry. The main difficulty is tofind out the cutter locations during themachining. Computers may be used to assist
the programmers in preparing the NC codes.
Computer Aided Part Programming:
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It reduces the manual calculations involves indetermining the geometric characteristics ofthe part.
It provides the cutter path simulation.
It provides tool collision checking.
It shortens the program preparation time. It makes the program preparation easier.
Advantages of applying computer-aided
part programming include the following:
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The output of any CAD package include the geometricdata of the part to be machined. Therefore, manyCAD/CAM package can produce cutter location (CL)
data to be used for NC code generation. There is still to be a process planning module for a
workable NC code generation.
Some of the CAD/CAM packages that have the NCcode generation capabilities are Computervision,CATIA, CADAM, ProEngineer, MechanicalDesktop(Auto Desk).
CAD/CAM Based Part Programming: