Chapter 3The Road to Revolution

The Southern Colonies

Jamestown – the first permanent English settlement in America

Founded in 1607 on the James River Settled near the marshes and swamps Suffered disease and death

Powhatan

John Smith took control Men thought they were too good for

farming Don’t work = don’t eat Powhatan helped colonists Population went from 400 to 60 in one

year

Daily Life in Virginia High death rate caused a labor shortage Indentured Servants – agreed to work 4

to 7 years for those who paid for their journey

As the cost of slaves fell, slave labor increased

Bacon’s Rebellion - Bacon and his followers attacked and burned Jamestown

Other Southern Colonies

Maryland was founded in 1634 by Lord Baltimore

Founded by Catholics but Protestants soon began moving there

Tensions rose Toleration Act of 1649 – made it a

crime to restrict the religious rights of Christians (Lord Baltimore)

Carolinas and Georgia Originally founded in 1633, Carolina

was separated into North and South Carolina in 1712

North – mostly former servants and farmers that moved from Virginia

South – mostly settlers from Europe Georgia – founded in 1732 by James

Oglethorpe Originally meant to block a Spanish

attack

Economy of Southern Colonies

Many small farms/some large plantations

Warm climate and long growing season

Cash crops – sold for profit Tobacco, rice, and indigo Slaves were the main source of labor Slave codes – laws to control slaves

New England Colonies Puritans - wanted to reform the

Anglican Church Pilgrims – separatist group that left

England to escape persecution Immigrants – people who left the

country of their birth to live in another country

Mayflower Compact

Mayflower ship Landed at Plymouth Rock in present-

day Massachusetts Mayflower Compact – legal contract

in which they agreed to have fair laws to protect the general good

Squanto helped the Pilgrims to survive

Great Migration

Economic, political, and religious problems led to the Great Migration

More than 40,000 moved to New England

New England Economy

Harsh climate and rocky soil Few cash crops Slavery was not important Trading was important Fishing became one of the leading

industries As trade grew, shipbuilding grew

Education in New England

Parents wanted their kids to be able to read the bible

More schools in New England than in any other colonies

Children went to work after elementary grades

Harvard – 1636 William and Mary – 1693

Middle Colonies

Dutch found New Netherland (New York) and New Amsterdam (New York City)

Quakers were a large religious group in New Jersey

William Penn found Pennsylvania 1681

Economy of Middle Colonies

Good climate and rich land Staple crops – crops that are always

needed Indentured servants filled most labor

needs Exported wheat to Britain and the

West Indies

Life in the Colonies Each colony had a governor The center of politics was the town

meeting Town meeting – people talked about

and decided on issues of local interest Parliament replaced King James II and

passed the English Bill of Rights, which reduced the powers of the English monarch

English Trade Laws England wanted to control the

colonies to earn money from trade Navigation acts limited the trading of

colonists Triangular trade – goods and slaves

were traded among the colonies, Britain, and Africa

Slaves were brought across the ocean in a voyage called the Middle Passage

Great Awakening and Enlightenment Ministers began holding revivals Great Awakening – religious

movement that swept through the colonies in the 1730s and 1740s

Enlightenment – spread the idea that reason and logic could improve society in the 1700s

John Locke – people have the right to equality and liberty

Causes of French and Indian War

The British and French both wanted to control the Ohio Valley territory in North America.

The British wanted to settle in the Ohio Valley and the French wanted it for the fur trade.

Outcome

The war officially ended with a British victory and with the signing of the Treaty of Paris on February 10, 1763.

Political Consequences

Great Britain

Ruled Canada

All lands east of the Mississippi River Except New Orleans

FRANCE

Kept sugar colonies in the Caribbean

Small fishing islands near Canada

SPAIN

Gave Florida to Great Britain

Got Louisiana Territory and New Orleans from France

Economic Consequences

Most of the war was fought in America, so the British government thought the colonists should help pay for it.

Britain imposed a series of taxes without consulting colonial governments.

Proclamation of 1763

Due to Pontiac’s Rebellion, King George III issued the Proclamation of 1763.

Colonists were forbidden from settling west of the Appalachian Mountains.

Stamp Act The Stamp Act of 1765

was passed by Great Britain.

It required all legal documents, permits, commercial contracts, newspapers, pamphlets, and playing cards in the American colonies to carry a tax stamp.

Stamp Act

The act was made to reduce the cost of maintaining the military presence protecting the colonies.

Colonists threatened tax collectors with tarring and feathering.

Declaratory Act

British Parliament decided to repeal the Stamp Act since no one was obeying it.

At the same time, they passed the Declaratory Act which was an attempt to control the behavior of the colonies.

Colonial Opposition

No Taxation Without Representation became a rallying cry for colonists.

Americans didn’t feel they should have to pay taxes when they did not have anyone to represent them in parliament.

Sons of Liberty

This group formed as a result of the Stamp Act

Many times they would seize the stamps or the papers that were stamped and burn them.

Sons of Liberty

Samuel Adams and Paul Revere headed the Sons of Liberty in Massachusetts.

They enforced boycotts and occasionally resorted to violence.

Quartering Act

This act was passed to require colonists to pay for housing and feeding British soldiers that were staying in their area.

Townshend Acts

The Townshend Acts called for new import taxes on glass, lead, paints, paper, and tea.  In March, 1770, the Townshend Acts were repealed except for the tax on tea.

The Sons of Liberty protested and attacked customs officials.

British troops were sent to Boston.

Boston Massacre

On March 5, 1770 the Boston Massacre occurred when a few troops fired on Bostonians who were throwing snowballs at them. The soldiers and their officer were charged with murder. A jury found the officer and six soldiers acted in self-defense and were not guilty.

Boston Massacre

Engraving by Paul Revere

Boston Tea Party

When repealing the Townshend Acts, British Parliament kept the tea tax.

A group of colonists, led by Samuel Adams and Paul Revere disguised themselves as Native Americans, boarded ships on the night of Dec. 16, 1773, and threw the tea into the harbor.

Boston Tea Party

Intolerable Acts

The British government responded by closing the port of Boston and passed the Intolerable Acts. The Boston Tea Party eventually proved to be one of the many causes that led to the American Revolution.

Intolerable Acts

Massachusetts Government

Act

Massachusetts Government

Act

AdministrationOf

JusticeAct

AdministrationOf

JusticeAct

Boston PortAct

Boston PortAct

Quartering Act

Quartering Act

IntolerableActs

(Coercive Acts)

IntolerableActs

(Coercive Acts)

Massachusetts Government Act

The fourth was the Massachusetts Government Act. This happened on May 20,1774.

It gave the British control of the town meetings and took control out of the colonists' hands.

Quartering Act

First was the Quartering Act. It was passed on March 24, 1765.

It said that colonists were to house any British soldier who came to their door and asked to stay.

Boston Port Act

The second was the Boston Port Act. This bill was passed on June 1, 1774.

This bill closed the port of Boston until the damages from the Boston Tea Party were paid for.

Administration of Justice Act

The third was the Administration of Justice Act. It was passed on May 20, 1774.

This bill said that British officials would not be able to be tried in colonial courts. They would be sent back to Britain and tried there.