Ch3 - Evolution of Land Plants
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Botany 201 Lecture
Department of Biological Sciences
College of Science, UST
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made of cellulose microfibrils
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cell wall
chloroplasts
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Chloroplast:
Chlorophyll a b, Grana, Starch
Amyloplasts (Starch Grain):
Alpha-1-4-glucopyranoside
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By endosymbiosis:
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Chlamydomonas sp.Volvox sp.
Spirogyra sp.Ulva sp.
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Isogamy Oogamy
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oogonia Coleochaete
Chara Nitellaantheridia
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cell wall: cellulosic
plasmodesmata (in some Green Plants) – pores in primary cell wall
-allow cell-to-cell communication 16
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Nitella sp. Chara sp.
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=Embryophyta (embryophytes)
The first colonization of plants on land during the
Silurian period, ca. 400 million years ago
Land Plants now dominate the earth
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cuticlecell wall
epidermal cell
cuticle: protects against desiccation
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antheridi m
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Marchantia (liverwort) Mnium (moss)
antheridium
antheridium
sperm cells
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Marchantia (liverwort)
archegonium
egg cell
neck
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Bryophytes paraphyletic
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Moist-loving plants
Pioneer species
Small plants that has chlorophyll a & b, cell walls made up of cellulose,
motile sperms & starch (storage) Lack well-developed vascular tissues→ absorb water by capillary
movement
Lack true roots, stems & leaves Gametophyte– dominant; perennial
Sporophyte– short-lived; unbranched; produces sporangium
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Thallus are dichotomously branchedand exhibits dorsiventrality:
upper side – photosynthetic(chlorenchymatous cells & airchambers)
lower side – for storage & non- photosynthetic (scales & rhizoids)
Gametophytes are lobed & bilaterallysymmetrical
Has 2 morphological types: 1. Leafy Liverwort
2. Thalloid liverwort
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2 rows of dorsal leaves
1 row of ventral leaves
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Gametophyte:
Flat, ribbon-like
Perennial; dichotomously
branched
Unisexual
Gametophores:
Archegoniophore Antheridiophore
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Male Female
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antheridiophore
specialized structure that bears antheridia
archegoniophore
-specialized structure that bears
archegonia
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Gemma – multicellular asexual reproductive units
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pore
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Marchantia
pore
gemma cup
pore
gemmae
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Marchantia
sporophyte spores
elaters
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Moss Gametophyte
Moss Sporophyte
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fertilization
protonema gametophyte (n)
archegonium antheridium sporophyte (2n)
spore(n)
meiosis
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Sphagnum - Peat moss:
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Leaves have tiny pores that retain water
Sphagnum Peat moss:
chlorophyllous cells
hyaline cell
pore
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Sphagnum Peat Moss
Plants make ground water acidic, form extensive bogs
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- Used in potting media
- Used as a fuel
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- “Tolland ” man:
- preserved remains in
bog, 405-100 B.C.
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Hornworts
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