Ch19: Enzymes and Vitamins - Laney College2016/01/30 · Ch19: Enzymes and Vitamins Chem 30B Enzyme...
Transcript of Ch19: Enzymes and Vitamins - Laney College2016/01/30 · Ch19: Enzymes and Vitamins Chem 30B Enzyme...
![Page 1: Ch19: Enzymes and Vitamins - Laney College2016/01/30 · Ch19: Enzymes and Vitamins Chem 30B Enzyme Stereospecificity Chiral reactant and chiral molecule Enzyme Classificaon Oxidoreductases](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022051823/5fed29a1935bfd42e118eb2a/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Ch19:EnzymesandVitamins
Chem30B
![Page 2: Ch19: Enzymes and Vitamins - Laney College2016/01/30 · Ch19: Enzymes and Vitamins Chem 30B Enzyme Stereospecificity Chiral reactant and chiral molecule Enzyme Classificaon Oxidoreductases](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022051823/5fed29a1935bfd42e118eb2a/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
EnzymeStereospecificity
Chiralreactantandchiralmolecule
![Page 3: Ch19: Enzymes and Vitamins - Laney College2016/01/30 · Ch19: Enzymes and Vitamins Chem 30B Enzyme Stereospecificity Chiral reactant and chiral molecule Enzyme Classificaon Oxidoreductases](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022051823/5fed29a1935bfd42e118eb2a/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
EnzymeClassifica>on
![Page 4: Ch19: Enzymes and Vitamins - Laney College2016/01/30 · Ch19: Enzymes and Vitamins Chem 30B Enzyme Stereospecificity Chiral reactant and chiral molecule Enzyme Classificaon Oxidoreductases](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022051823/5fed29a1935bfd42e118eb2a/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Oxidoreductases • Catalyze oxidation–reduction reactions. Require
coenzymes that act as oxidizing or reducing agents.
![Page 5: Ch19: Enzymes and Vitamins - Laney College2016/01/30 · Ch19: Enzymes and Vitamins Chem 30B Enzyme Stereospecificity Chiral reactant and chiral molecule Enzyme Classificaon Oxidoreductases](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022051823/5fed29a1935bfd42e118eb2a/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Transferases • Catalyze transfer of a group from one molecule
to another. – Transaminases transfer amino group. – Kinases transfer phosphoryl group (eg. from ATP)
![Page 6: Ch19: Enzymes and Vitamins - Laney College2016/01/30 · Ch19: Enzymes and Vitamins Chem 30B Enzyme Stereospecificity Chiral reactant and chiral molecule Enzyme Classificaon Oxidoreductases](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022051823/5fed29a1935bfd42e118eb2a/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Hydrolases
• Catalyze hydrolysis. Particularly important for digestion (of proteins and carbohydrates).
![Page 7: Ch19: Enzymes and Vitamins - Laney College2016/01/30 · Ch19: Enzymes and Vitamins Chem 30B Enzyme Stereospecificity Chiral reactant and chiral molecule Enzyme Classificaon Oxidoreductases](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022051823/5fed29a1935bfd42e118eb2a/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Isomerases • Catalyze isomerization (rearrangement of
atoms). In some metabolic pathways, a molecule must be isomerized for next step of pathway.
![Page 8: Ch19: Enzymes and Vitamins - Laney College2016/01/30 · Ch19: Enzymes and Vitamins Chem 30B Enzyme Stereospecificity Chiral reactant and chiral molecule Enzyme Classificaon Oxidoreductases](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022051823/5fed29a1935bfd42e118eb2a/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Lyases • Catalyze addition (of a molecule like H2O, CO2,
NH3) to a double bond, or elimination to create a double bond.
![Page 9: Ch19: Enzymes and Vitamins - Laney College2016/01/30 · Ch19: Enzymes and Vitamins Chem 30B Enzyme Stereospecificity Chiral reactant and chiral molecule Enzyme Classificaon Oxidoreductases](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022051823/5fed29a1935bfd42e118eb2a/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Ligases • Catalyze bonding together of two molecules.
Such reactions often require energy from ATP hydrolysis. Involved in synthesis of biological polymers such as proteins and DNA.
![Page 10: Ch19: Enzymes and Vitamins - Laney College2016/01/30 · Ch19: Enzymes and Vitamins Chem 30B Enzyme Stereospecificity Chiral reactant and chiral molecule Enzyme Classificaon Oxidoreductases](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022051823/5fed29a1935bfd42e118eb2a/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Induced Fit Model of Enzyme Action
hexokinase
![Page 11: Ch19: Enzymes and Vitamins - Laney College2016/01/30 · Ch19: Enzymes and Vitamins Chem 30B Enzyme Stereospecificity Chiral reactant and chiral molecule Enzyme Classificaon Oxidoreductases](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022051823/5fed29a1935bfd42e118eb2a/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Peptide Hydrolysis by Chymotrypsin
![Page 12: Ch19: Enzymes and Vitamins - Laney College2016/01/30 · Ch19: Enzymes and Vitamins Chem 30B Enzyme Stereospecificity Chiral reactant and chiral molecule Enzyme Classificaon Oxidoreductases](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022051823/5fed29a1935bfd42e118eb2a/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
AllostericControl
![Page 13: Ch19: Enzymes and Vitamins - Laney College2016/01/30 · Ch19: Enzymes and Vitamins Chem 30B Enzyme Stereospecificity Chiral reactant and chiral molecule Enzyme Classificaon Oxidoreductases](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022051823/5fed29a1935bfd42e118eb2a/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
CovalentModifica>on
Zymogens
Phosphoryla>on
![Page 14: Ch19: Enzymes and Vitamins - Laney College2016/01/30 · Ch19: Enzymes and Vitamins Chem 30B Enzyme Stereospecificity Chiral reactant and chiral molecule Enzyme Classificaon Oxidoreductases](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022051823/5fed29a1935bfd42e118eb2a/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Water-SolubleVitamins
![Page 15: Ch19: Enzymes and Vitamins - Laney College2016/01/30 · Ch19: Enzymes and Vitamins Chem 30B Enzyme Stereospecificity Chiral reactant and chiral molecule Enzyme Classificaon Oxidoreductases](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022051823/5fed29a1935bfd42e118eb2a/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Water-SolubleVitamins
Thesearealsovitaminsthatarecoenzymes.
![Page 16: Ch19: Enzymes and Vitamins - Laney College2016/01/30 · Ch19: Enzymes and Vitamins Chem 30B Enzyme Stereospecificity Chiral reactant and chiral molecule Enzyme Classificaon Oxidoreductases](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022051823/5fed29a1935bfd42e118eb2a/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
VitaminsasComponentsofCoenzymes
B5
B3
![Page 17: Ch19: Enzymes and Vitamins - Laney College2016/01/30 · Ch19: Enzymes and Vitamins Chem 30B Enzyme Stereospecificity Chiral reactant and chiral molecule Enzyme Classificaon Oxidoreductases](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022051823/5fed29a1935bfd42e118eb2a/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Fat-SolubleVitamins
![Page 18: Ch19: Enzymes and Vitamins - Laney College2016/01/30 · Ch19: Enzymes and Vitamins Chem 30B Enzyme Stereospecificity Chiral reactant and chiral molecule Enzyme Classificaon Oxidoreductases](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022051823/5fed29a1935bfd42e118eb2a/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Fat-SolubleVitamins
![Page 19: Ch19: Enzymes and Vitamins - Laney College2016/01/30 · Ch19: Enzymes and Vitamins Chem 30B Enzyme Stereospecificity Chiral reactant and chiral molecule Enzyme Classificaon Oxidoreductases](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022051823/5fed29a1935bfd42e118eb2a/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Minerals