CH16 Le Chatelier Principle.ppt

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EQUILIBRIUM ANDEQUILIBRIUM AND

EXTERNAL EFFECTSEXTERNAL EFFECTS• Temperature, catalysts, and can!es "nTemperature, catalysts, and can!es "nc#ncentrat"#n a$$ect e%u"l"&r"a'c#ncentrat"#n a$$ect e%u"l"&r"a'

• Te #utc#me "s !#(erned &yTe #utc#me "s !#(erned &y LELEC)ATELIER*S +RINCI+LEC)ATELIER*S +RINCI+LE

• '''"$ a system at e%u"l"&r"um "s'''"$ a system at e%u"l"&r"um "s

d"stur&ed, te system tends t# s"$t "tsd"stur&ed, te system tends t# s"$t "tse%u"l"&r"um p#s"t"#n t# c#unter tee%u"l"&r"um p#s"t"#n t# c#unter tee$$ect #$ te d"stur&ance'-e$$ect #$ te d"stur&ance'-

Copyright © 1999 by Harcourt Brace & Company

All rights reserved.

Requests or permission to ma!e copies o any part

o the "or! should be mailed to# $ermissions

%epartment Harcourt Brace & Company '())

*ea Harbor %rive +rlando ,lorida



Copyright (c) 1999 by Harcourt Brace & Company

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EQUILIBRIUM ANDEQUILIBRIUM AND

EXTERNAL EFFECTSEXTERNAL EFFECTS

)enr" Le Catel"er )enr" Le Catel"er

./012.345./012.345

Stud"ed m"n"n!Stud"ed m"n"n!en!"neer"n!'en!"neer"n!'

Interested "n !lassInterested "n !lassand ceram"cs'and ceram"cs'




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EQUILIBRIUM AND EXTERNAL EFFECTSEQUILIBRIUM AND EXTERNAL EFFECTS

• Temperature can!eTemperature can!e 2226 can!e "n 72226 can!e "n 7• C#ns"der te $"88 "n a s#$t dr"n9C#ns"der te $"88 "n a s#$t dr"n9 C:C:;;<!= ><!= >

));;:<l"%=:<l"%= C:C:;;<a%= > eat<a%= > eat

• Decrease T' ?at appens t# e%u"l"&r"umDecrease T' ?at appens t# e%u"l"&r"ump#s"t"#n@ T# (alue #$ 7@p#s"t"#n@ T# (alue #$ 7@

• 7 C:7 C:;; + <C: + <C:;;== 7 "ncreases as T !#es7 "ncreases as T !#es

d#n &ecaused#n &ecause C:C:;; "ncreases and "ncreases and

+<C:+<C:;;= decreases'= decreases'

• Increase T' N# at@Increase T' N# at@

• E%u"l"&r"um s"$ts le$t and 7 decreases'E%u"l"&r"um s"$ts le$t and 7 decreases'




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Temperature E$$ectsTemperature E$$ects

#n E%u"l"&r"um#n E%u"l"&r"umNN;;:: <c#l#rless= > eat<c#l#rless= > eat

; N:; N:;; <&r#n=<&r#n=

))## > 0G'; 9H > 0G'; 9H

77c 1'111GG at ;G4 7 1'111GG at ;G4 7

77c 1'1103 at ;3/ 7 1'1103 at ;3/ 7

Kc [NO2]

2

[N2O4]

Kc [NO2]

2

[N2O4]




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• Add catalystAdd catalyst 2226 n# can!e "n 72226 n# can!e "n 7• A catalyst #nly a$$ects te RATE #$A catalyst #nly a$$ects te RATE #$

appr#ac t# e%u"l"&r"um'appr#ac t# e%u"l"&r"um'

Catalytic exhaust systemCatalytic exhaust system




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• NN;;<!= > 4 )<!= > 4 );;<!=<!= ; N); N)44<!=<!=

• 7 4'0 .17 4'0 .1// at ;3/ 7at ;3/ 7

N)N)44

+r#duct"#n+r#duct"#n




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• C#ncentrat"#n can!esC#ncentrat"#n can!es 2226 n# can!e2226 n# can!e"n 7 J #nly te p#s"t"#n #$"n 7 J #nly te p#s"t"#n #$e%u"l"&r"um can!es'e%u"l"&r"um can!es'




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Le Catel"er*s +r"nc"pleLe Catel"er*s +r"nc"ple

Add"n! a reactant- t# a cem"calAdd"n! a reactant- t# a cem"calsystem'system'




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Rem#("n! a reactant- $r#m a cem"calRem#("n! a reactant- $r#m a cem"calsystem'system'




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Add"n! a pr#duct- t# a cem"calAdd"n! a pr#duct- t# a cem"calsystem'system'




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Rem#("n! a pr#duct- $r#m a cem"calRem#("n! a pr#duct- $r#m a cem"calsystem'system'




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Butane2Butane2

Is#&utaneIs#&utaneE%u"l"&r"umE%u"l"&r"um

K =[isobutane][butane]

2.5K =[isobutane][butane]

2.5

butanebutane

isobutaneisobutane




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ButaneButane Is#&utaneIs#&utane

butanebutane

isobutanisobutan

Assume y#u are at e%u"l"&r"um "t "s# .';0Assume y#u are at e%u"l"&r"um "t "s# .';0M and &utane 1'01 M' N# add .'01 MM and &utane 1'01 M' N# add .'01 M&utane' ?en te system c#mes t#&utane' ?en te system c#mes t#e%u"l"&r"um a!a"n, at are "s# ande%u"l"&r"um a!a"n, at are "s# and

&utane@&utane@ 7 ;'07 ;'0




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ButaneButane Is#&utaneIs#&utaneAssume y#u are at e%u"l"&r"um "t "s# .';0Assume y#u are at e%u"l"&r"um "t "s# .';0

M and &utane 1'01 M' N# add .'01 MM and &utane 1'01 M' N# add .'01 M&utane' ?en te system c#mes t#&utane' ?en te system c#mes t#e%u"l"&r"um a!a"n, at are "s# ande%u"l"&r"um a!a"n, at are "s# and


S#lut"#nS#lut"#n

Calculate Q "mmed"ately a$ter add"n! m#reCalculate Q "mmed"ately a$ter add"n! m#re&utane and c#mpare "t 7'&utane and c#mpare "t 7'




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M and &utane 1'01 M' N# add .'01 MM and &utane 1'01 M' N# add .'01 M&utane' ?en te system c#mes t#&utane' ?en te system c#mes t#e%u"l"&r"um a!a"n, at are "s# ande%u"l"&r"um a!a"n, at are "s# and


S#lut"#nS#lut"#n


Q =[isobutane][butane]

1.250.50 + 1.50

= 0.63Q =[isobutane][butane]

1.250.50 + 1.50

= 0.63




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M and &utane 1'01 M' N# add .'01 MM and &utane 1'01 M' N# add .'01 M&utane' ?en te system c#mes t# e%u"l"&r"um&utane' ?en te system c#mes t# e%u"l"&r"um

a!a"n, at are "s# and &utane@a!a"n, at are "s# and &utane@ 7 ;'07 ;'0

S#lut"#nS#lut"#n


Q "s LESS T)AN 7' Tere$#re, te react"#n "llQ "s LESS T)AN 7' Tere$#re, te react"#n "lls"$t t# te KKKKKKKKKKKK's"$t t# te KKKKKKKKKKKK'

Q =[isobutane][butane]

1.250.50 + 1.50

= 0.63Q =[isobutane][butane]

1.250.50 + 1.50

= 0.63




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ButaneButane Is#&utaneIs#&utane #u are at e%u"l"&r"um "t "s# .';0 M and #u are at e%u"l"&r"um "t "s# .';0 M and

&utane 1'01 M' N# add .'01 M &utane'&utane 1'01 M' N# add .'01 M &utane'

S#lut"#nS#lut"#n

Q "s less tan 7, s# e%u"l"&r"um s"$ts r"!t JQ "s less tan 7, s# e%u"l"&r"um s"$ts r"!t J

aay $r#m &utane and t#ard "s#&utane'aay $r#m &utane and t#ard "s#&utane'Set up c#ncentrat"#n ta&leSet up c#ncentrat"#n ta&le




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&utane 1'01 M' N# add .'01 M &utane'&utane 1'01 M' N# add .'01 M &utane'S#lut"#nS#lut"#n

.'1G M .'1G M

At te ne e%u"l"&r"um p#s"t"#n,At te ne e%u"l"&r"um p#s"t"#n,

&utane 1'34 M and "s#&utane ;'4; M'&utane 1'34 M and "s#&utane ;'4; M'

E%u"l"&r"um as s"$ted t#ard "s#&utane'E%u"l"&r"um as s"$ted t#ard "s#&utane'

K = 2.50 =[isobutane]

[butane]

1.25 + x

2.00 - xK = 2.50 =

[isobutane]

[butane]

1.25 + x

2.00 - x




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N"tr#!en D"#"de E%u"l"&r"umN"tr#!en D"#"de E%u"l"&r"umNN;;::<!=<!= ; N:; N:;;<!=<!=

Increase + "n te systemIncrease + "n te system&y reduc"n! te (#lume'&y reduc"n! te (#lume'

Kc =[NO2]

2

[N2O4] = 0.0059 at 298 KKc =

[NO2]2

[N2O4]

= 0.0059 at 298 K




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N"tr#!en D"#"de E%u"l"&r"umN"tr#!en D"#"de E%u"l"&r"um

NN;;::<!=<!= ; N:; N:;;<!=<!=

Increase + "n te system &y reduc"n! teIncrease + "n te system &y reduc"n! te(#lume'(#lume'

In !ase#us system te e%u"l"&r"um "ll s"$t t#In !ase#us system te e%u"l"&r"um "ll s"$t t#

te s"de "t $eer m#lecules <"n #rder t#te s"de "t $eer m#lecules <"n #rder t#reduce te +='reduce te +='

Tere$#re, react"#n s"$tsTere$#re, react"#n s"$ts LEFTLEFT and + #$ N:and + #$ N:;; decreases and + #$ Ndecreases and + #$ N;;::FF "ncreases'"ncreases'

Kc =[NO2]

2

[N2O4] = 0.0059 at 298 KKc =

[NO2]2

[N2O4] = 0.0059 at 298 K

CH16 Le Chatelier Principle.ppt

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