ch1

ch1Student: ___________________________________________________________________________

1. Prior to the arrival of Columbus, the peoples of the present United States had A. all of the answers belowB. less elaborate political systems than the peoples in Central and South America hadC. larger empires than the peoples in Central and South America hadD. a larger population than the peoples of Central and South America hadE. a larger reliance on written language than the peoples of Central America and South America had

2. Before the coming of Europeans, civilizations in Central and South America had developed all of the

following cultural achievements except A. organized religionB. a written languageC. an accurate calendarD. wheeled vehiclesE. advanced agriculture

3. Before 1492, the many different Native American societies that existed in what is now the United States

filled their food needs by A. all of the answers belowB. gathering foodsC. fishingD. farmingE. hunting

4. Before the coming of Europeans, the peoples who lived in what is now the United States had not developed

A. large, permanent settlementsB. a common languageC. division of laborD. complex agricultural systemsE. elaborate religious practices

5. Before the arrival of Columbus, all Native American tribes assigned women the tasks of

A. all of the answers belowB. performing farming choresC. tending to the fieldsD. caring for childrenE. controlling the social organization of the tribe

6. By 1500, the incentives for Europeans to engage in overseas exploration included all of the following except A. a belief in fulfilling a divine missionB. a significant growth in their populationC. more powerful and united governmentsD. an increased prosperity and desire for commerceE. the return of the bubonic plague

7. The first European country to launch long ocean voyages of exploration was

A. PortugalB. SpainC. HollandD. EnglandE. Italy

8. When Christopher Columbus made his famous voyages to the New World, he

A. obtained his financing from the Portuguese queenB. refused to search for goldC. explored much of the North American coastlineD. acted out of strictly religious motivesE. believed that he had reached the Far East

9. By 1550, Spanish explorers had achieved all of the following objectives except

A. exploring much of the CaribbeanB. crossing the Isthmus of PanamaC. devoting great resources for voyagesD. sailing around the worldE. discovering Brazil

10. Between 1500 and 1550, exploration of the New World was dominated by the

A. DutchB. EnglishC. FrenchD. SpanishE. Portuguese

11. The Spanish conquest of the Aztecs was, in part, due to

A. all of the answers belowB. an overwhelming superiority in numbersC. the diseases the Spaniards had given the IndiansD. the pacifism of the AztecsE. the Spaniards' humane treatment of the natives

12. Between 1500 and 1600, the reasons that the Spanish traveled to the Americas included all of the following motives except A. getting rich by finding gold and silverB. replacing Portugal as the leading seafaring nationC. spreading the Christian religionD. destroying large English colonies in South AmericaE. creating a profitable agricultural economy

13. One result of the contact between the Spanish and the Pueblos from 1550 to 1650 was

A. the empowerment of Pueblo warlordsB. a loss of Spanish power in MexicoC. a vast decline in the Pueblo populationD. the pope's decision to stop sending missionariesE. a treaty of cooperation between England and Spain

14. Spanish colonial enterprises exhibited all of the following characteristics except

A. by the end of the 1500s, Spanish colonies were tightly controlled by the Spanish monarchyB. the wide use of native laborC. relatively few immigrants left Spain for the New WorldD. the successful search for gold and silver ultimately retarded Spain's economic developmentE. missionaries were among the least successful Spanish colonial adventurers

15. The European nation that, unlike other colonizers, did not "people" its colonies but instead imposed over

them a European ruling class was A. EnglandB. SpainC. FranceD. HollandE. Italy

16. When the Europeans arrived in the Americas, they brought with them all of the following things except

A. diseases to which that the Native Americans had little immunityB. the practice of human sacrifice for religious practices that the natives had not known beforeC. a strong yearning for silver and goldD. new crops that the natives had not seen beforeE. new domestic livestock that the natives had never seen

17. In an effort to subjugate the Native Americans, the Spanish engaged in all of the following practices except

A. prohibiting marriage between Spanish men and Indian womenB. installing Spaniards in positions of political powerC. destroying records and documents of the native political systemsD. killing Indian leaders, including warriors and priestsE. forcing natives to work for Spaniards for little or no pay

18. Before the arrival of the Europeans, the political system of southern and western Africa was composed of A. a single African-led empireB. a number of small- and medium-sized regional kingdomsC. a state of barbaric anarchyD. a series of national republicsE. a collection of nomadic tribes

19. Before Europeans settled in the New World, western and southern Africans

A. did not tolerate the institution of slavery in their societyB. were unable to use natural resources wiselyC. had no widespread religions, just local ones based on nature worship or ancestor worshipD. did not have the extreme degree of sexual inequality found in most European countriesE. had no trade with the outside world and relied on hunting and fishing for their livelihood

20. Interest in colonization grew in England because of

A. all of the answers belowB. a desire to compete with SpainC. almost constant religious strifeD. the growth of merchant capitalismE. an increasing population and decreasing food supply

21. According to the principles of mercantilism,

A. the individual is the key to economic progressB. the world's supply of wealth is almost unlimitedC. free trade is good for a country because it maximizes both imports and exportsD. a successful nation should export its own goods in exchange for gold and silverE. wealth should be shared by all social classes

22. The English believed that colonies would

A. all of the answers belowB. provide a place to send excess populationC. be a place where human settlement could start anewD. relieve England of dependence on a foreign supply of natural resourcesE. offer new markets for the wool industry

23. The religious dissatisfactions that ultimately propelled English "Separatists" into the New World can be

traced to the 1517 protests of the German priest A. Martin LutherB. John CalvinC. John WesleyD. James StuartE. Richard Hakluyt

24. Henry VIII started the English Reformation because he A. converted to Protestant idealsB. needed absolute control of the ChurchC. wanted to change English ChristianityD. required a divorce in order to remarryE. believed Catholicism was a pagan faith

25. The majority of English Puritans were religious dissenters who

A. wanted to leave the Church of EnglandB. wished to purify Anglican forms of worshipC. desired an end to the English civil warD. were content with the reformed Church of EnglandE. hoped to return the English Church to the Roman Catholic Church

26. Because of their experiences in Ireland, most English colonists came to believe that they should

A. try to rule the native populationB. civilize the native populationC. establish an English society separate from the native populationD. brutally conquer the eastern half of North AmericaE. attempt to convert the native population to Christianity

27. All of the following statements are true of the French colonists in North America except

A. their numbers grew rapidly because of their success in building industriesB. they included Jesuit missionaries who established contacts far into the wildernessC. they depended on fur traders who dealt with the Indians of the interiorD. they developed seignuries along the St. Lawrence RiverE. they made enemies of one of the most powerful of the Indian tribes

28. The Dutch established their claims in North America through the efforts of the explorer

A. Samuel de ChamplainB. Sir Walter RaleighC. Henry HudsonD. Francis DrakeE. Humphrey Gilbert

29. The most important single event influencing England's decision to begin New World colonization was the

A. overthrow of Charles IB. destruction of the English ReformationC. failure of the Sea Dog's raiding expeditionsD. defeat of the Spanish Armada in 1588E. death of King James 1

30. The first permanent English settlement in the New World was established at A. New YorkB. PlymouthC. St. AugustineD. RoanokeE. Jamestown

31. The first few British expeditions to North America resulted in

A. finding rich stores of gold and silverB. an end of Spanish explorations in the Western HemisphereC. the overthrow of James ID. the failure to establish successful permanent settlementsE. Britain's decision to stop exploring the coastal region of Virginia

32. The first American-born child of an English settler was

A. Virginia DareB. Humphrey GilbertC. Elizabeth TudorD. Walter RaleighE. John White

33. The cryptic message "CROATOAN" is related to

A. Spain's war with the AztecsB. the French policy of establishing fur-trading industriesC. a failed attempt to settle in RoanokeD. the death of PocahontasE. Spain's creation of encomiendas

34. Disagreements between historians have included the topics of

A. all of the answers belowB. the size of the American population before European settlementC. whether objectivity can truly be achieved as a method of researchD. "sticking to the facts" vs. historical revisionE. whether truth is actually an achievable goal in the study of history

35. Over the past century, when historians have estimated the population of Indians in North America before

Columbus, they A. often have neglected to study Indian populations in the NorthB. have come to realize that Tenochtitlan was not so largeC. regularly have estimated the population at just under 1 millionD. have generally increased the estimates of the native populationE. have relied on written records left by the Aztecs

36. The anthropologist Henry Dobyns believed that A. there were just over 1 million Indians in America before the arrival of ColumbusB. the Aztecs were defeated by the Spaniards because they lacked skills as warriorsC. British ethnocentrism resulted in the downfall of the Mayan cultureD. there were 10 to 12 million natives living in North America before the arrival of ColumbusE. it is impossible to use quantitative methods to estimate native populations before 1492

37. Thousands of years ago, nomadic peoples from the part of Asia known as _____ crossed the Bering Strait

and became the first humans in the Americas. ________________________________________

38. When the Spanish arrived in Mexico, they found that the _____, a once nomadic warrior tribe, were ruling

much of the region. ________________________________________

39. Around the year 1000, the Norse seaman _____ sighted part of the New World.

________________________________________

40. In 1497 and 1498, the Portuguese explorer _____ became the first European to sail all the way to India.

________________________________________

41. Columbus discovered the Americas while searching for a shorter route to _______.

________________________________________

42. Between 1519 and 1522, _____ led a Spanish expedition that became the first to sail all the way around the

world. ________________________________________

43. Spanish _____ or conquerors, led the early expeditions that subdued the native populations of Mexico,

Chile, and Peru. ________________________________________

44. When the Spanish moved into New Mexico in the 1500s and 1600s, they alternately fought with and

cooperated with the _____ Indians who lived in the region. ________________________________________

45. In the 1500s, the majority of the Native American peoples who died did so not because of warfare but

because of _____ brought by the Europeans. ________________________________________

46. When Columbus returned from his voyage to the New World, he brought with him the new American crop

of _____, which soon became an important staple in Europe. ________________________________________

47. The _____ were people of mixed race that arose in South America due to the interracial contacts between the Spanish colonies and the natives. ________________________________________

48. By the fifteenth century, the people of upper _____ had substantial commercial relations with the

Mediterranean world. ________________________________________

49. African societies tended to be _____ which means that heredity is traced through, and property is inherited

from, the mother. ________________________________________

50. In 1497, _____ led an English expedition that sailed along the northeastern coast of North America.

________________________________________

51. From the 1500s to 1700s, the elites of England and the rest of Europe believed in the economic concept of

___________. ________________________________________

52. The _____ began in Germany with Martin Luther's attacks on the Catholic Church and eventually spread to

other parts of Europe, including England. ________________________________________

53. Because he wanted a divorce that the pope refused to grant him, _____ broke England's ties with the

Roman Catholic Church. ________________________________________

54. The _____ were a group of English religious dissenters of the 1500s and 1600s who believed that the

Church of England needed many reforms. ________________________________________

55. The English learned the lessons that they later applied in North America in their attempt to conquer _____.

________________________________________

56. The keys to the French Empire in North America were the _____, adventurous fur traders who penetrated

far into the wilderness to trade with the Indians. ________________________________________

57. In 1588, King Philip II of Spain sent one of the largest fleets in history, the _____ to attack England.

________________________________________

58. Sir _____ financed and organized the expedition that placed the first English colony in what is now the United States. ________________________________________

59. Because of the fate of the colony at Roanoke, it has acquired the name of the _________.

________________________________________

60. Which came first?

A. Columbus sails westward for SpainB. Bartholomeu Dias rounded the Cape of Good Hope


A. Balboa crosses the isthmus of PanamaB. Magellan's fleet circumnavigates the world


A. Cortes defeats the AztecsB. Pizarro defeats the Incas


A. Jamestown is establishedB. St. Augustine is established


A. Roanoke is establishedB. the Armada sails against England


A. Elizabeth rules EnglandB. Mary rules England

Match the following:a. in the 1540s, he opens up what will become the United States southwestb. destroys the Aztec empirec. reaches India via a water route in the 1490sd. first to cross the southern tip of Africa, the Cape of Good Hope, in 1486e. first European to see what will be called the Pacific Ocean

66. ______ Vasco De Gama

________________________________________

67. _______ Bartolomeu Dias

________________________________________

68. _______ Francisco Coronado ________________________________________

69. _______ Vasco de Balboa

________________________________________

70. _______ Hernando Cortes

________________________________________

Match the following:a. Spanish military basesb. licenses to extract labor and tribute from the Indian populationc. Dutch landlordsd. People of mixed racese. Spanish military men

71. ______ Patroons

________________________________________

72. ______ Encomiendas

________________________________________

73. ______ Conquistadores

________________________________________

74. _____ Presidios

________________________________________

75. ______ Mestizos

________________________________________

Match the following:a. practiced colonization in Ireland (p 26)b. Protestant Reformation begins here (p. 24)c. First to send explorers along the west coast of Africa (p. 11)d. First to send explorers westward to find a route to the far East(p. 11)e. Sent fur traders to establish relationships with the Indians ( P. 27)

76. _____ France

________________________________________

77. _____ England

________________________________________

78. _____Portugal ________________________________________

79. _____ Spain

________________________________________

80. _____ Germany

________________________________________

81. The most notable disease introduced by the Europeans was syphilis.

True False

82. The most elaborate societies in the New World were in Central and South America

True False

83. In all cases in the New World, women did the farming

True False

84. The first Europeans to come to the New World were Norsemen

True False

85. Amerigo Vespucci was known as the "Admiral of the Ocean Seas"

True False

86. Francisco Pizarro conquered the Aztecs

True False

87. Juan de Onate established the Spanish presence in New Mexico

True False

88. The Great Pueblo Revolt brought an end to Spanish exploitation of the Indians

True False

89. Beans and corn were introduced to Europe as a result of contact with the New World

True False

90. In Africa, slavery was usually a permanent condition

True False

91. The market for slaves in the sixteenth century increased as a result of the demand for sugar cane

True False

92. The enclosure movement in England grew out of the need for additional land for grazing cattle. True False

93. Mercantilism said the world's wealth was finite

True False

94. Martin Luther said men were saved by faith and not good works

True False

95. Most Puritans were Separatists

True False

96. Sir Humphrey Gilbert was lost at sea

True False

97. The Virgin Queen was Mary

True False

98. The Roanoke colonies were failures because the Spanish attacked and destroyed them

True False

99. Sir Walter Raleigh was executed by order of King James I

True False

100.In 1606, the London merchants got the right to colonize in the south

True False

101.Roanoke Island is in this modern day state A. Location 33B. Location 46C. Location 30D. Location 39E. Location 38

102.Describe the major Native American civilizations that existed before Columbus's arrival. Include at least

one from North America, one from Central America, and one from South America.

103.Summarize the changes in European society that led to the era of exploration between 1400 and 1700.

104.Describe the Spanish Empire in the New World during the 1500s. Include political, military, economic,

social, and cultural considerations.

105.Discuss briefly the society of southern and western Africa before the arrival of large numbers of Europeans.

106.Discuss the economic and religious motivations that led to the establishment of English colonies in North America.

107.Explain why the French were so successful in their early colonizing efforts in North America.

108.Analyze which factors influenced historians in their differing interpretations of historical fact and

significance.

109.Compare and contrast diverse historical interpretations of Native American population density in 1500.

Discuss how this influenced historical analyses of European impact(s) on native societies.

ch1 Key

1.(p. 5–8)

Prior to the arrival of Columbus, the peoples of the present United States had A. all of the answers belowB. less elaborate political systems than the peoples in Central and South America hadC. larger empires than the peoples in Central and South America hadD. a larger population than the peoples of Central and South America hadE. a larger reliance on written language than the peoples of Central America and South America had

Brinkley - Chapter 001 #1

Difficulty: Hard

2.(p. 4–5)

Before the coming of Europeans, civilizations in Central and South America had developed all of the following cultural achievements except A. organized religionB. a written languageC. an accurate calendarD. wheeled vehiclesE. advanced agriculture


Difficulty: Easy

3.(p. 5–6)

Before 1492, the many different Native American societies that existed in what is now the United States filled their food needs by A. all of the answers belowB. gathering foodsC. fishingD. farmingE. hunting


Difficulty: Easy

4.(p. 5–8)

Before the coming of Europeans, the peoples who lived in what is now the United States had not developed A. large, permanent settlementsB. a common languageC. division of laborD. complex agricultural systemsE. elaborate religious practices


Difficulty: Medium

5.(p. 8)

Before the arrival of Columbus, all Native American tribes assigned women the tasks of A. all of the answers belowB. performing farming choresC. tending to the fieldsD. caring for childrenE. controlling the social organization of the tribe


Difficulty: Medium

6.(p. 9–10)

By 1500, the incentives for Europeans to engage in overseas exploration included all of the following except A. a belief in fulfilling a divine missionB. a significant growth in their populationC. more powerful and united governmentsD. an increased prosperity and desire for commerceE. the return of the bubonic plague


Difficulty: Medium

7.(p. 11)

The first European country to launch long ocean voyages of exploration was A. PortugalB. SpainC. HollandD. EnglandE. Italy


Difficulty: Easy

8.(p. 11–12)

When Christopher Columbus made his famous voyages to the New World, he A. obtained his financing from the Portuguese queenB. refused to search for goldC. explored much of the North American coastlineD. acted out of strictly religious motivesE. believed that he had reached the Far East


Difficulty: Hard

9.(p. 11–12)

By 1550, Spanish explorers had achieved all of the following objectives except A. exploring much of the CaribbeanB. crossing the Isthmus of PanamaC. devoting great resources for voyagesD. sailing around the worldE. discovering Brazil


Difficulty: Medium

10.(p. 12)

Between 1500 and 1550, exploration of the New World was dominated by the A. DutchB. EnglishC. FrenchD. SpanishE. Portuguese


Difficulty: Easy

11.(p. 12–13)

The Spanish conquest of the Aztecs was, in part, due to A. all of the answers belowB. an overwhelming superiority in numbersC. the diseases the Spaniards had given the IndiansD. the pacifism of the AztecsE. the Spaniards' humane treatment of the natives


Difficulty: Medium

12.(p. 12–14)

Between 1500 and 1600, the reasons that the Spanish traveled to the Americas included all of the following motives except A. getting rich by finding gold and silverB. replacing Portugal as the leading seafaring nationC. spreading the Christian religionD. destroying large English colonies in South AmericaE. creating a profitable agricultural economy


Difficulty: Medium

13.(p. 17)

One result of the contact between the Spanish and the Pueblos from 1550 to 1650 was A. the empowerment of Pueblo warlordsB. a loss of Spanish power in MexicoC. a vast decline in the Pueblo populationD. the pope's decision to stop sending missionariesE. a treaty of cooperation between England and Spain


Difficulty: Medium

14.(p. 15–17)

Spanish colonial enterprises exhibited all of the following characteristics except A. by the end of the 1500s, Spanish colonies were tightly controlled by the Spanish monarchyB. the wide use of native laborC. relatively few immigrants left Spain for the New WorldD. the successful search for gold and silver ultimately retarded Spain's economic developmentE. missionaries were among the least successful Spanish colonial adventurers


Difficulty: Hard

15.(p. 18)

The European nation that, unlike other colonizers, did not "people" its colonies but instead imposed over them a European ruling class was A. EnglandB. SpainC. FranceD. HollandE. Italy


Difficulty: Hard

16.(p. 17–20)

When the Europeans arrived in the Americas, they brought with them all of the following things except A. diseases to which that the Native Americans had little immunityB. the practice of human sacrifice for religious practices that the natives had not known beforeC. a strong yearning for silver and goldD. new crops that the natives had not seen beforeE. new domestic livestock that the natives had never seen


Difficulty: Hard

17.(p. 13–20)

In an effort to subjugate the Native Americans, the Spanish engaged in all of the following practices except A. prohibiting marriage between Spanish men and Indian womenB. installing Spaniards in positions of political powerC. destroying records and documents of the native political systemsD. killing Indian leaders, including warriors and priestsE. forcing natives to work for Spaniards for little or no pay


Difficulty: Medium

18.(p. 20-21)

Before the arrival of the Europeans, the political system of southern and western Africa was composed of A. a single African-led empireB. a number of small- and medium-sized regional kingdomsC. a state of barbaric anarchyD. a series of national republicsE. a collection of nomadic tribes


Difficulty: Easy

19.(p. 21-23)

Before Europeans settled in the New World, western and southern Africans A. did not tolerate the institution of slavery in their societyB. were unable to use natural resources wiselyC. had no widespread religions, just local ones based on nature worship or ancestor worshipD. did not have the extreme degree of sexual inequality found in most European countriesE. had no trade with the outside world and relied on hunting and fishing for their livelihood


Difficulty: Hard

20.(p. 23–26)

Interest in colonization grew in England because of A. all of the answers belowB. a desire to compete with SpainC. almost constant religious strifeD. the growth of merchant capitalismE. an increasing population and decreasing food supply


Difficulty: Hard

21.(p. 24)

According to the principles of mercantilism, A. the individual is the key to economic progressB. the world's supply of wealth is almost unlimitedC. free trade is good for a country because it maximizes both imports and exportsD. a successful nation should export its own goods in exchange for gold and silverE. wealth should be shared by all social classes


Difficulty: Hard

22.(p. 23–24)

The English believed that colonies would A. all of the answers belowB. provide a place to send excess populationC. be a place where human settlement could start anewD. relieve England of dependence on a foreign supply of natural resourcesE. offer new markets for the wool industry


Difficulty: Medium

23.(p. 24–25)

The religious dissatisfactions that ultimately propelled English "Separatists" into the New World can be traced to the 1517 protests of the German priest A. Martin LutherB. John CalvinC. John WesleyD. James StuartE. Richard Hakluyt


Difficulty: Easy

24.(p. 25-26)

Henry VIII started the English Reformation because he A. converted to Protestant idealsB. needed absolute control of the ChurchC. wanted to change English ChristianityD. required a divorce in order to remarryE. believed Catholicism was a pagan faith


Difficulty: Easy

25.(p. 25)

The majority of English Puritans were religious dissenters who A. wanted to leave the Church of EnglandB. wished to purify Anglican forms of worshipC. desired an end to the English civil warD. were content with the reformed Church of EnglandE. hoped to return the English Church to the Roman Catholic Church


Difficulty: Medium

26.(p. 27)

Because of their experiences in Ireland, most English colonists came to believe that they should A. try to rule the native populationB. civilize the native populationC. establish an English society separate from the native populationD. brutally conquer the eastern half of North AmericaE. attempt to convert the native population to Christianity


Difficulty: Medium

27.(p. 27-28)

All of the following statements are true of the French colonists in North America except A. their numbers grew rapidly because of their success in building industriesB. they included Jesuit missionaries who established contacts far into the wildernessC. they depended on fur traders who dealt with the Indians of the interiorD. they developed seignuries along the St. Lawrence RiverE. they made enemies of one of the most powerful of the Indian tribes


Difficulty: Hard

28.(p. 28)

The Dutch established their claims in North America through the efforts of the explorer A. Samuel de ChamplainB. Sir Walter RaleighC. Henry HudsonD. Francis DrakeE. Humphrey Gilbert


Difficulty: Easy

29.(p. 29)

The most important single event influencing England's decision to begin New World colonization was the A. overthrow of Charles IB. destruction of the English ReformationC. failure of the Sea Dog's raiding expeditionsD. defeat of the Spanish Armada in 1588E. death of King James 1


Difficulty: Medium

30.(p. 29)

The first permanent English settlement in the New World was established at A. New YorkB. PlymouthC. St. AugustineD. RoanokeE. Jamestown


Difficulty: Easy

31.(p. 29-30)

The first few British expeditions to North America resulted in A. finding rich stores of gold and silverB. an end of Spanish explorations in the Western HemisphereC. the overthrow of James ID. the failure to establish successful permanent settlementsE. Britain's decision to stop exploring the coastal region of Virginia


Difficulty: Medium

32.(p. 29)

The first American-born child of an English settler was A. Virginia DareB. Humphrey GilbertC. Elizabeth TudorD. Walter RaleighE. John White


Difficulty: Easy

33.(p. 29)

The cryptic message "CROATOAN" is related to A. Spain's war with the AztecsB. the French policy of establishing fur-trading industriesC. a failed attempt to settle in RoanokeD. the death of PocahontasE. Spain's creation of encomiendas


Difficulty: Easy

34.(p. 6–7)

Disagreements between historians have included the topics of A. all of the answers belowB. the size of the American population before European settlementC. whether objectivity can truly be achieved as a method of researchD. "sticking to the facts" vs. historical revisionE. whether truth is actually an achievable goal in the study of history


Difficulty: Medium

35.(p. 8–9)

Over the past century, when historians have estimated the population of Indians in North America before Columbus, they A. often have neglected to study Indian populations in the NorthB. have come to realize that Tenochtitlan was not so largeC. regularly have estimated the population at just under 1 millionD. have generally increased the estimates of the native populationE. have relied on written records left by the Aztecs


Difficulty: Medium

36.(p. 9)

The anthropologist Henry Dobyns believed that A. there were just over 1 million Indians in America before the arrival of ColumbusB. the Aztecs were defeated by the Spaniards because they lacked skills as warriorsC. British ethnocentrism resulted in the downfall of the Mayan cultureD. there were 10 to 12 million natives living in North America before the arrival of ColumbusE. it is impossible to use quantitative methods to estimate native populations before 1492


Difficulty: Hard

37.(p. 3)

Thousands of years ago, nomadic peoples from the part of Asia known as _____ crossed the Bering Strait and became the first humans in the Americas. Siberia


Difficulty: Medium

38.(p. 4)

When the Spanish arrived in Mexico, they found that the _____, a once nomadic warrior tribe, were ruling much of the region. Aztecs


Difficulty: Medium

39.(p. 9)

Around the year 1000, the Norse seaman _____ sighted part of the New World. Leif Eriksson


Difficulty: Easy

40.(p. 11)

In 1497 and 1498, the Portuguese explorer _____ became the first European to sail all the way to India. Vasco da Gama


Difficulty: Easy

41.(p. 11–12)

Columbus discovered the Americas while searching for a shorter route to _______. Asia, China, the Far East, the Orient


Difficulty: Medium

42.(p. 12)

Between 1519 and 1522, _____ led a Spanish expedition that became the first to sail all the way around the world. Ferdinand Magellan


Difficulty: Easy

43.(p. 13)

Spanish _____ or conquerors, led the early expeditions that subdued the native populations of Mexico, Chile, and Peru. Conquistadores


Difficulty: Hard

44.(p. 17)

When the Spanish moved into New Mexico in the 1500s and 1600s, they alternately fought with and cooperated with the _____ Indians who lived in the region. Pueblo


Difficulty: Medium

45.(p. 18–19)

In the 1500s, the majority of the Native American peoples who died did so not because of warfare but because of _____ brought by the Europeans. Diseases


Difficulty: Medium

46.(p. 19)

When Columbus returned from his voyage to the New World, he brought with him the new American crop of _____, which soon became an important staple in Europe. Maize, corn


Difficulty: Medium

47.(p. 19)

The _____ were people of mixed race that arose in South America due to the interracial contacts between the Spanish colonies and the natives. Mestizos


Difficulty: Hard

48.(p. 20)

By the fifteenth century, the people of upper _____ had substantial commercial relations with the Mediterranean world. Guinea


Difficulty: Hard

49.(p. 21)

African societies tended to be _____ which means that heredity is traced through, and property is inherited from, the mother. Matrilineal


Difficulty: Hard

50.(p. 23)

In 1497, _____ led an English expedition that sailed along the northeastern coast of North America. John Cabot


Difficulty: Easy

51.(p. 24)

From the 1500s to 1700s, the elites of England and the rest of Europe believed in the economic concept of ___________. Mercantilism


Difficulty: Hard

52.(p. 24–25)

The _____ began in Germany with Martin Luther's attacks on the Catholic Church and eventually spread to other parts of Europe, including England. Protestant Reformation


Difficulty: Hard

53.(p. 25-26)

Because he wanted a divorce that the pope refused to grant him, _____ broke England's ties with the Roman Catholic Church. Henry VIII


Difficulty: Easy

54.(p. 26)

The _____ were a group of English religious dissenters of the 1500s and 1600s who believed that the Church of England needed many reforms. Puritans


Difficulty: Easy

55.(p. 27)

The English learned the lessons that they later applied in North America in their attempt to conquer _____. Ireland


Difficulty: Medium

56.(p. 28)

The keys to the French Empire in North America were the _____, adventurous fur traders who penetrated far into the wilderness to trade with the Indians. Coureurs de bois


Difficulty: Hard

57.(p. 29)

In 1588, King Philip II of Spain sent one of the largest fleets in history, the _____ to attack England. Spanish Armada


Difficulty: Medium

58.(p. 29)

Sir _____ financed and organized the expedition that placed the first English colony in what is now the United States. Walter Raleigh


Difficulty: Easy

59.(p. 29)

Because of the fate of the colony at Roanoke, it has acquired the name of the _________. Lost Colony


Difficulty: Easy

60.(p. 11)

Which came first? A. Columbus sails westward for SpainB. Bartholomeu Dias rounded the Cape of Good Hope


Difficulty: Medium

61.(p. 12)

Which came first? A. Balboa crosses the isthmus of PanamaB. Magellan's fleet circumnavigates the world


Difficulty: Hard

62.(p. 12-13)

Which came first? A. Cortes defeats the AztecsB. Pizarro defeats the Incas


Difficulty: Easy

63.(p. 16, 29)

Which came first? A. Jamestown is establishedB. St. Augustine is established


Difficulty: Easy

64.(p. 29)

Which came first? A. Roanoke is establishedB. the Armada sails against England


Difficulty: Easy

65.(p. 25)

Which came first? A. Elizabeth rules EnglandB. Mary rules England


Difficulty: Easy

Match the following:a. in the 1540s, he opens up what will become the United States southwestb. destroys the Aztec empirec. reaches India via a water route in the 1490sd. first to cross the southern tip of Africa, the Cape of Good Hope, in 1486e. first European to see what will be called the Pacific Ocean

Brinkley - Chapter 001

66.(p. 11)

______ Vasco De Gama c


67.(p. 11)

_______ Bartolomeu Dias d


68.(p. 14)

_______ Francisco Coronado a


69.(p. 12)

_______ Vasco de Balboa e


70.(p. 12)

_______ Hernando Cortes b


Match the following:a. Spanish military basesb. licenses to extract labor and tribute from the Indian populationc. Dutch landlordsd. People of mixed racese. Spanish military men


71.(p. 29)

______ Patroons c


72.(p. 17)

______ Encomiendas b


73.(p. 13)

______ Conquistadores e


74.(p. 15)

_____ Presidios a


75.(p. 19)

______ Mestizos d


Match the following:a. practiced colonization in Ireland (p 26)b. Protestant Reformation begins here (p. 24)c. First to send explorers along the west coast of Africa (p. 11)d. First to send explorers westward to find a route to the far East(p. 11)e. Sent fur traders to establish relationships with the Indians ( P. 27)


76.(p. 28)

_____ France e


77.(p. 27)

_____ England a


78.(p. 11)

_____Portugal c


79.(p. 11)

_____ Spain d


80.(p. 24)

_____ Germany b


81.(p. 3)

The most notable disease introduced by the Europeans was syphilis. FALSE


Difficulty: Easy

82. The most elaborate societies in the New World were in Central and South America TRUE


Difficulty: Easy

83.(p. 8)

In all cases in the New World, women did the farming FALSE


Difficulty: Medium

84.(p. 9)

The first Europeans to come to the New World were Norsemen TRUE


Difficulty: Medium

85.(p. 12)

Amerigo Vespucci was known as the "Admiral of the Ocean Seas" FALSE


Difficulty: Medium

86.(p. 13)

Francisco Pizarro conquered the Aztecs FALSE


Difficulty: Easy

87.(p. 17)

Juan de Onate established the Spanish presence in New Mexico TRUE


Difficulty: Medium

88.(p. 17)

The Great Pueblo Revolt brought an end to Spanish exploitation of the Indians FALSE


Difficulty: Medium

89.(p. 19)

Beans and corn were introduced to Europe as a result of contact with the New World TRUE


Difficulty: Easy

90.(p. 23)

In Africa, slavery was usually a permanent condition FALSE


Difficulty: Easy

91.(p. 23)

The market for slaves in the sixteenth century increased as a result of the demand for sugar cane TRUE


Difficulty: Medium

92.(p. 24)

The enclosure movement in England grew out of the need for additional land for grazing cattle. FALSE


Difficulty: Medium

93.(p. 24)

Mercantilism said the world's wealth was finite TRUE


Difficulty: Easy

94.(p. 24)

Martin Luther said men were saved by faith and not good works TRUE


Difficulty: Easy

95.(p. 26)

Most Puritans were Separatists FALSE


Difficulty: Medium

96.(p. 29)

Sir Humphrey Gilbert was lost at sea TRUE


Difficulty: Easy

97.(p. 29)

The Virgin Queen was Mary FALSE


Difficulty: Medium

98.(p. 29)

The Roanoke colonies were failures because the Spanish attacked and destroyed them FALSE


Difficulty: Medium

99.(p. 30)

Sir Walter Raleigh was executed by order of King James I TRUE


Difficulty: Easy

100.(p. 30)

In 1606, the London merchants got the right to colonize in the south TRUE


Difficulty: Easy


101.(p. 29)

Roanoke Island is in this modern day state A. Location 33B. Location 46C. Location 30D. Location 39E. Location 38


Difficulty: Medium

102.(p. 4–9)

Describe the major Native American civilizations that existed before Columbus's arrival. Include at least one from North America, one from Central America, and one from South America.


Difficulty: Medium

103.(p. 9–11, 23–29)

Summarize the changes in European society that led to the era of exploration between 1400 and 1700.


Difficulty: Hard

104.(p. 11–2)

Describe the Spanish Empire in the New World during the 1500s. Include political, military, economic, social, and cultural considerations.


Difficulty: Hard

105.(p. 20–23)

Discuss briefly the society of southern and western Africa before the arrival of large numbers of Europeans.


Difficulty: Medium

106.(p. 23–27)

Discuss the economic and religious motivations that led to the establishment of English colonies in North America.


Difficulty: Hard

107.(p. 27-28)

Explain why the French were so successful in their early colonizing efforts in North America.


Difficulty: Medium

108.(p. 6–7)

Analyze which factors influenced historians in their differing interpretations of historical fact and significance.


Difficulty: Medium

109.(p. 8–9, 18–19)

Compare and contrast diverse historical interpretations of Native American population density in 1500. Discuss how this influenced historical analyses of European impact(s) on native societies.


Difficulty: Medium

ch1 Summary

Category # of Questions

Brinkley - Chapter 001 113

Difficulty: Easy 33

Difficulty: Hard 21

Difficulty: Medium 40

ch1

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