Ch15 Notes

Immigrants and Immigrants and UrbanizationUrbanization

Chapter 15

ParticipationParticipation

1. Look at the photograph on pgs 458-459. Describe the scene in three words.

2. From this photo, what looks good about city life in the late 1800s?

3. What looks bad about city life?

4. What would an immigrant need to survive in the United States in the late 1800s?

5. What do you think is the meaning of the motto on the presidential seal “E pluribus unum,” or “out of many, one?”

Immigration PatternsImmigration Patterns

• Before 1890:– Northern, western Europe

• France, England, Ireland

• After 1890:– Southern, eastern Europe

• Italy, Germany, Russia

““The Land of High Wages”The Land of High Wages”

• Immigrants heard stories of America:– High wages– Opportunity– Jobs, jobs, jobs– “American Dream”

The ExperienceThe Experience

• One-week steamship journey– Cargo holds,

filthy


• Arriving at Ellis Island– Physical

exam– Government

requirements

http://www.ellisisland.org/photoalbums/ellis_island_then.asp




In addition to physical exams, intelligence tests were given.

Ellis Island Website

Page 463

http://www.ellisisland.org/default.asp


• Angel Island– West coast port of admission for Asian

immigrants• More harsh than East Coast


• Fitting in…– Ethnic communities:

groups of people who shared cultural values, practiced same religion, and spoke same native language

• “Little Italy”• “Chinatown”

Manhattan

Anti-ImmigrationAnti-Immigration• Nativism: favoring native-born Americans

• Chinese Exclusion Act: all Chinese immigrants banned except certain occupations

• Gentleman’s Agreement: Japan agreed to limit emigration to stop segregation of Japanese students in schools

Problems with UrbanizationProblems with Urbanization

• Urbanization: growth of cities– Can you keep up with the growth?– Problems

1. Housing

2. Transportation

3. Water

4. Sanitation

5. Crime

6. Fire


1. Housing• Tenements: multi-family urban dwellings

• Cramped, unsanitary• Disease spreads quickly


2. Transportation• Mass transit developed

• Street cars• Electric subways


3. Water• No indoor plumbing• Disease spread through water

• Filtration and chlorination introduced


4. Sanitation (pg. 470)• Human and animal waste in streets• Throwing garbage out front door• Smoke from factories


4. Sanitation• Sewer lines installed• City sanitation departments created


5. Crime• NYC developed first full-time police force


6. Fire• Not enough water• Wooden

structures• Use of candles

and oil lamps

• Great Chicago Fire (1871)


ReformReform

• Socialism– Government should take control of

business to prevent corruption

– Why can’t government take control of society to prevent corruption?

ReformReform

• Social Gospel movement:– You can be saved by serving the urban

poor

– Settlement houses: assistive community centers in slums

• Jane Addams founded Hull House in Chicago in 1889

Ch15 Notes

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