CHAPTER 13&14 Lifecycle Nutrition

Preparing for Pregnancy

Mother is Underweight

Infant is Underweight

Poor Future Health

Preparing for Pregnancy

Mother is Underweight

Infant is Underweight

Poor Future Health

Preparing for Pregnancy

Low

Birt

h W

eigh

tLower IQ

Short Stature

40X more likely to die 1st year

Preparing for Pregnancy

Hig

h Bi

rth

Wei

ght

Larger size

2X more likely to have NTD

Folate deficiency

Abnormal spinal cord

development

Neural Tube Defect

Spinal Bifida Abnormal spinal cord development Neural Tube Defect

Anencephaly

Spinal Bifida

Calcium Absorption

Doubles

During Pregnancy

Fetus needs a store of iron for the first 3-6 months of life

Fetus needs a store of iron for the first 3-6 months of life

Supplementation is recommended

BMJ 2013 Jun 21; 346:f3443

FETAL ALCOHOL SYNDROME

Irreversible brain damage

Growth retardation

Mental retardation

Facial abnormalities

Vision abnormalities

OK?

Pregnancy

AlcoholModerate

British Medical Journal, June 2013

Got Breast Milk?

Carbohydrate

Lactose

Easy to digest

Enhance Ca absorption

Lipids

Main energy source

EFAs

Protein

Easily digested

Lactoferrin - iron

Vitamins

Vitamin C High

Vitamin DLow

Minerals

Ca highly absorbable

Low in sodium

High in zinc and iron

Vitamin D

Supplementation recommended

Iron

Infant Stores

Breast Milk

Supplements?

At 4-6 months, an exclusively breast fed infant is at risk of iron deficiency.

Immune Factors

Anti-viral agents

Anti-bacterial agents

Less prone to GI disorders

Colostrum contains antibodies

30% of American children eat fast food every day!

Toddler Nutrient Needs

Protein

Carbs

Fiber

Fatty acids

Vitamins

Minerals

Limit sat fat

Not a Low Fat Diet

Iron Deficiency

Behavior problems

Food Allergy

Recognized as foreign

Immune response

Food Intolerance

Not an allergy

Unpleasant symptom

Food Aversion

Intense dislike

Grow out

ADH

D3-5% of school

children

Inability to pay attention

Poor impulse control

ADHDFood dyes?

Sugar?

Oils?

Salt?

ADH

D o

r ?sugar

lack of sleep

poor diet

lack of exercise

Too Little Too much

Soda

Solid fats

Processed foods

Fast food

Calcium

Iron

Teenagers

• Recommendation stays the sameProtein

• Same: adequate amounts are important!Fiber

• AHA dietFat

• Recommendation decreasesVitamin A

• Recommendation increasesVitamin D

• Same: adequate hydration important!Water

• Recommendation decreases – iron status improves. Iron

• Recommendation increases – absorption decreasesCalcium

THE

END