CHAPTER 13

Section 1: Origins of the Industrial Revolution

Section 2: The Factory System

Section 3: New Methods and Business Organizations

Section 4: Living and Working Conditions

Section 5: Socialism

The Industrial Revolution

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Ch 13.5 Bell Ringer:What are some examples of ideas that arose out of Marxism? (create a bubble map)

Socialism

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Socialism

The increasing wealth of the nation has little or no tendency to better the conditions of the labouring poor.” Thomas Malthus 1798 Essay on Population

As the Industrial Revolution progressed, a growing number of people became concerned with the economic and social injustice. Many believed that the interests of employers naturally conflicted with those of workers.

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Socialism

With the Industrial Revolution, a FEW people became enormously rich – MOST remained poor … including the workers.

Before the industrial revolution of the late-eighteenth century, living standards had advanced little since the invention of agriculture.

Distribution of Wealth

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Socialism

…things used by human laborers to create products

Means of Production?

Reformers argued that the only way to distribute wealth more evenly was to change the ownership and operation of the means of production.

So … who should control this stuff if not the owners?

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Socialism

Socialism• A political and economic system• Gov’ts own the means of production• Operate them for the benefit of ALL people – rich

or poor• Does away with the profit motive and competition• EVERYONE - not just the owners – had a right to

share in the profits!

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Socialism

Utopian Socialists• Small cooperative

settlements• Everyone would work for the

common good• Together they would own the

means of production and share the products

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SocialismRobert Owen – most influential utopian socialist

…believed that people who lived in a good environment would stop acting selfishly.

Built homes, schools, made inexpensive food & clothing available, encouraged unions

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SocialismMarx and Engels

Believed entire capitalist system should be destroyed

Published The Communist Manifesto 1848

Marx Engels

owners = “bourgeoisie” workers = “proletariat”

Argued all wealth is created by labor but that the workers only receive a small fraction of the wealth it creates – most of it goes to the owners!

This will continue until the proletariat unite and seize power!

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Socialism

Dictatorship of the proletariat

Pure communism

“From each according to his abilities, to each according to his needs.”

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Socialism

Political parties that influenced by Marx & Engels …

Communism = authoritarian socialismGovernments own the means of production and control ALLeconomic planning

Democratic socialismelect socialist representativesPeople would retain partial control through election of officials…may own private property but gov’t owns at least some of the means of production

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SocialismMarx believed that workers had to unite to fight capitalism.

International Working Men’s AssociationSecond International

International Workers' Association (IWA)

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Socialism

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Socialism

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Socialism

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Socialism

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Socialism

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Socialism

Any Questions? QUIZ TIME!

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Socialism

peaceful takeover of means of production to benefit all

people

democratic socialism

communism

capitalism abolishedIdeas that

arose out of Marxism

owners paid for their property

governments own means of production and control all

economic planning

government

workers’ revolt

educated people

have partial control of economic planning

elect socialist representatives