Ch11 presentation burns
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Transcript of Ch11 presentation burns
![Page 1: Ch11 presentation burns](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062503/58a043ec1a28ab39648b4bad/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Chapter 11Burns
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Burns
• Burns occur in every age group and in a variety of settings.
• Skin death and injury occur as heat exceeds the body’s ability to disperse it.– Damage depends on:
• Intensity of heat• Duration of contact• Thickness of skin
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Burn Classifications
• Thermal burns− Caused by:
• Flames• Hot objects• Flammable vapor• Steam• Hot liquids
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Burn Classifications
• Chemical burns− Caused by wide range of chemicals
• Acids• Alkalis• Organic compounds
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Burn Classifications
• Electrical burns– Caused by contact with electric current– Injury depends on:
• Type of current• Voltage• Area exposed• Duration of contact
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Evaluating a Thermal Burn
• Determine depth of burn.– First-degree (superficial)– Second-degree (partial-thickness)– Third-degree (full thickness)
© Suzanne Tucker/Shutterstock.
© American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons. © American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons.
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Evaluating a Thermal Burn
• Determine the extent of the burn.– Estimate how much body surface area (BSA)
the burn covers.– The rule of nines
© Jones & Bartlett Learning.
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Evaluating a Thermal Burn
• Determine the extent of the burn (cont’d).− The rule of the hand
• A hand represents about 1% of a person’s total body surface.
© Jones & Bartlett Learning.
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Evaluating a Thermal Burn
• Determine which parts of the body are burned.– Burns on the face, hands, feet, and genitals
are the most severe.– Circumferential burns are more severe than
noncircumferential burns.
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Evaluating a Thermal Burn
• Determine respiratory involvement.– Superheated air can be absorbed by the
upper respiratory tract.– Swelling occurs in 2 to 24 hours.
• Restricts or shuts off airway
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Evaluating a Thermal Burn
• Determine:– Whether other injuries exist– Preexisting medical problems– If the person is older than 55 years– If person is younger than 5 years
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Evaluating Thermal Burns
• Determine the burn’s severity.
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First Degree (Superficial) Burns
• What to look for:– Redness– Mild swelling– Tenderness– Pain
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First Degree (Superficial) Burns
• What to do– Apply cold water or
compress.– Give ibuprofen.– Elevate arm or leg.– Have the person
drink water.– Apply aloe vera or
other lotion.© Jones & Bartlett Learning.
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Small Second-Degree(Partial Thickness) Burns
• What to look for:– Blisters– Swelling– Weeping of fluids– Severe pain
• What to do:– Follow the first
three steps for first degree burns.
– Apply antibacterial ointment.
– Cover with a loose, dry, nonstick, sterile dressing.
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Large Second-Degree(Partial Thickness) Burns
• What to do– Follow the first three steps for first-degree
burns.– Apply cold.
• Monitor for hypothermia.– Call 9-1-1.
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Third-Degree (Full Thickness) Burns
• What to look for– Dry, leathery, gray colored, or charred skin.
• What to do– Cover burn with a dry, nonstick sterile
dressing.– Call 9-1-1.
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Later Care for Thermal Burns
• Follow physician’s recommendations.• Suggestions:
– Wash hands before changing dressing.– Leave unbroken blisters intact.– Change dressings daily.– Watch for signs of infection.– Elevate burn for first 24 hours.– Give pain medication, if necessary.
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Scald Burns
• The result of contact with hot liquids– Immersion burns: area of the body is fully
immersed in a hot liquid.– Spill burns: liquid spills, drops, or is thrown on
a person.
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Sunburn
• The skin’s response to the trauma of ultraviolet radiation
• Can result in first- or second-degree burns
© E. M. Singletary, MD.Used with permission.
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Care for Sunburns
• Apply cool compress for up to 45 minutes.• Take cool showers and baths.• Do not use benzocaine.• Use ibuprofen to reduce pain and
inflammation.• Drink a lot of water.• Use aloe vera or another body lotion.
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Sunburn Aftercare
• Apply antibiotic ointment to a second-degree sunburn.
• If blisters break, gently wash twice daily.• Seek medical care if eyes are affected or
if infection occurs.
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Chemical Burns
• Result of an acid or an alkali substance touching the skin
• Chemicals burn as long as they are in contact with skin.
• Check the safety data sheet, if available.
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Chemical Burns
• What to look for– Pain– Burning– Breathing difficulty– Eye pain or vision
change
© American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons.
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Chemical Burns
• What to do– Brush dry chemical
off skin.– Flush burn with
large amounts of water for at least 20 minutes or until EMS arrives.
– Call 9-1-1.© Jones & Bartlett Learning.
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Chemical Burns
• What to do (cont’d)– For a chemical in an eye
• Tip head so affected eye is below nose.• Wash eye with warm water from nose out to side
of face for at least 20 minutes.
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Electrical Burns
• Thermal burn (flame)• Arc burn (flash)• True electrical injury (contact)
© Chuck Stewart, MD.
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Contact With Outdoor Power Line
• Power must be turned off.• A tingling sensation signals that you are on
energized ground.– Raise one foot off ground, turn around, and
hop to safe area.• Do not attempt to move any wires.
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Contact Inside Buildings
• Turn off electricity.• Unplug appliance.• Do not touch
appliance or person until current is off.
• Damage occurs under skin.
© Jones & Bartlett Learning.
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Electrical Burns
• What to look for– Burn wound, which might appear small– Entrance and exit wounds– Multiple burns– Absent breathing/pulse
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Electrical Burns
• What to do– Check breathing.– Call 9-1-1.– Check for broken bones.– Treat the person for shock.– Cover wounds with sterile dressings.