CH10 Lipid Metabolism
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Transcript of CH10 Lipid Metabolism
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8/9/2019 CH10 Lipid Metabolism
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iochemistry for Health Science Lipid Metabolism
hatchawin PETCHLERT, Ph.D. 1
LIPID METABOLISMLIPID METABOLISM
Chatchawin PetchlertChatchawin Petchlert
Dept. of Biochemistry, Burapha UniversityDept. of Biochemistry, Burapha University Petchlert C. 2
Processing of dietary lipids in vertebratesProcessing of dietary lipids in vertebrates
Petchlert C. 3
Mobilization ofMobilization of
triacylglycerols stored intriacylglycerols stored in
adipose tissueadipose tissue
Petchlert C. 4
DigestionDigestionDietary lipidsDietary lipids
TGTG CLCL PLPL
Short /Short /
MediumMediumLongLong FreeFree EsterEster
Emulsification by bile saltsEmulsification by bile salts
22--MG +MG +
FAFACLCL FAFA LysolecithinLysolecithin
Pancreaticlipase
PancreaticCL lipase
PancreaticPancreatic
phospholipasephospholipase
MICELLESMICELLES
IntestinalIntestinal
lumenlumen
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iochemistry for Health Science Lipid Metabolism
hatchawin PETCHLERT, Ph.D. 2
Petchlert C. 5
AbsorptionAbsorption
MICELLESMICELLESShort /Short /
MediumMedium
TGTG
GlycerolGlycerol
+ FA+ FAResynthesisResynthesis
of TGof TGCLCL PLPL
Bile saltBile salt
reabsorbedreabsorbed
in ileumin ileum
+ Albumin+ Albumin PortalPortal
veinvein
++
ApoproteinsApoproteins
ChylomicronChylomicron
LactealLacteal
SubclavianSubclavian
veinvein
HepaticHepatic
arteryartery
LiverLiver
Intestinal epithelialIntestinal epithelial
Petchlert C. 6
Entry of glycerol intoEntry of glycerol into
the glycolytic pathwaythe glycolytic pathway
Petchlert C. 7 Petchlert C. 8
Fatty acid entry into mitochondria via theFatty acid entry into mitochondria via the
acyl~carnitine/carnitine transporter.acyl~carnitine/carnitine transporter.
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iochemistry for Health Science Lipid Metabolism
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Petchlert C. 9 Petchlert C. 10
Stage of fatty acid oxidation.Stage of fatty acid oxidation.
Stage1: A long-chain fatty acid is oxidized toyield acetyl residues in the form of acetyl~CoA.
This process is called -oxidation.
Stage2: The acetyl groups are oxidized to CO2via the TCA cycle
Stage3: Electrons derived from the oxidationsof stage1 and 2 pass to O2 via the mitochondrialrespiratory chain, providing the energy for ATPsynthesis by oxidative phosphorylation.
Petchlert C. 11 Petchlert C. 12
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iochemistry for Health Science Lipid Metabolism
hatchawin PETCHLERT, Ph.D. 4
Petchlert C. 13 Petchlert C. 14
Petchlert C. 15 Petchlert C. 16
Oxidation of propionyl~CoAOxidation of propionyl~CoA
produced byproduced by oxidation ofoxidation ofoddodd--number fatty acidsnumber fatty acids
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iochemistry for Health Science Lipid Metabolism
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Petchlert C. 17
Role ofRole of --oxidation in theoxidation in theconversion of storedconversion of stored
triacylglycerols to glucosetriacylglycerols to glucose
in germinating seeds.in germinating seeds.
Petchlert C. 18
Comparison of the enzymes ofComparison of the enzymes of oxidation in gram+ andoxidation in gram+ and
gramgram-- bacteriabacteria
Petchlert C. 19 Petchlert C. 20
Formation of ketoneFormation of ketone
bodies from acetyl~CoA.bodies from acetyl~CoA.
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iochemistry for Health Science Lipid Metabolism
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Petchlert C. 21
Extrahepatic tissues useExtrahepatic tissues use
ketone bodies as fuels.ketone bodies as fuels.
Petchlert C. 22
Ketone bodies formationKetone bodies formation
and export from the liver.and export from the liver.
Petchlert C. 23 Petchlert C. 24
The acetylThe acetyl--CoA carboxylase reaction.CoA carboxylase reaction.
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iochemistry for Health Science Lipid Metabolism
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Petchlert C. 25 Petchlert C. 26
Petchlert C. 27 Petchlert C. 28
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iochemistry for Health Science Lipid Metabolism
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Petchlert C. 29 Petchlert C. 30
The overall process ofThe overall process of
palmitate synthesis.palmitate synthesis.
Petchlert C. 31 Petchlert C. 32
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iochemistry for Health Science Lipid Metabolism
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Petchlert C. 33 Petchlert C. 34
Petchlert C. 35 Petchlert C. 36
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iochemistry for Health Science Lipid Metabolism
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Petchlert C. 37 Petchlert C. 38
Petchlert C. 39 Petchlert C. 40
Beginning of the secondBeginning of the second
round of the fatty acidround of the fatty acidsynthesis cycle.synthesis cycle.
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iochemistry for Health Science Lipid Metabolism
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Petchlert C. 41 Petchlert C. 42
Subcellular localization of lipid metabolismSubcellular localization of lipid metabolism
Petchlert C. 43 Petchlert C. 44
The pentose phosphate pathway.The pentose phosphate pathway.
Production of NADPH by photosynthesis.Production of NADPH by photosynthesis.
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iochemistry for Health Science Lipid Metabolism
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Petchlert C. 45 Petchlert C. 46
Filaments of acetyl~CoAFilaments of acetyl~CoA
carboxylasecarboxylase
Petchlert C. 47 Petchlert C. 48
Action of plantAction of plant
desaturases.desaturases.
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iochemistry for Health Science Lipid Metabolism
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Petchlert C. 49 Petchlert C. 50
Regulation ofRegulation of
triacylglyceroltriacylglycerol
synthesis by insulinsynthesis by insulin
Petchlert C. 51
Biosynthesis ofBiosynthesis of
sphingolipidssphingolipids
Petchlert C. 52
Biosynthesis of sphingolipidsBiosynthesis of sphingolipids
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iochemistry for Health Science Lipid Metabolism
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Petchlert C. 53 Petchlert C. 54
Petchlert C. 55 Petchlert C. 56
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iochemistry for Health Science Lipid Metabolism
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Petchlert C. 57 Petchlert C. 58
Petchlert C. 59 Petchlert C. 60
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iochemistry for Health Science Lipid Metabolism
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Petchlert C. 61 Petchlert C. 62
Petchlert C. 63 Petchlert C. 64
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iochemistry for Health Science Lipid Metabolism
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Petchlert C. 65
Lipoproteins
LDL HDL
Chylomicron VLDL +
+
proteinprotein
LPLP
originorigin
oo FF 1122 22 11 ALBALB
prepre
Petchlert C. 66
Distribution of Apoproteins
ChylomicronChylomicron VLDLVLDL LDLLDL HDLHDL
ApoAApoA
ApoB
ApoCApoC
ApoEApoE
ApoB
ApoB
ApoCApoC
ApoAApoA
ApoB
ApoCApoC
ApoEApoEApoEApoE
Petchlert C. 67 Petchlert C. 68
Functions of Lipoproteins
Chylomicron and VLDL are TG carriers tomuscle or adipose tissues
TGs in chylomicron come from the diets butTGs in VLDL are synthesized in the liver by
FA or acetyl CoA LDL and HDL are CL carriers
LDL is synthesized from VLDL but HDLcomes from small intestine, liver and VLDL
LDL delivers CL to peripheral cells, while HDLreturns it to the liver for excretion
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iochemistry for Health Science Lipid Metabolism
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Petchlert C. 69 Petchlert C. 70
Petchlert C. 71 Petchlert C. 72
Uptake ofcholesterol by
receptor-mediated
endocytosis.
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iochemistry for Health Science Lipid Metabolism
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Petchlert C. 73
AtherosclerosisAtherosclerosis
Petchlert C. 74
HDLHDL
Free CLFree CL
LCATLCAT
Nascent HDLNascent HDL
or Discoidalor Discoidal
prepre----HDLHDL
HDLHDL33 or Matureor Mature
CECE--rich HDLrich HDLHDLHDL22
CECE
LCAT : lecithinLCAT : lecithin--cholesterol acyltransferasecholesterol acyltransferase
Petchlert C. 75
HDL and Reverse Cholesterol TransportHDL and Reverse Cholesterol Transport
(Brown MS. And Goldstein JL. Atherosclerosis Review 1988 : 85(Brown MS. And Goldstein JL. Atherosclerosis Review 1988 : 85--94)94)
HDLHDL
VLDLVLDL LDLLDL
BB
BB
LDLLDL
receptorreceptor
SRSR--BIBI
receptorreceptor
LiverLiver
Peripheral cellsPeripheral cells
CL PoolCL Pool
ABCA1 transporterABCA1 transporter
LDL receptorLDL receptor
(Mulcahy JV. And Owen JS. SCIENCE & MEDICINE March/April 2002 :(Mulcahy JV. And Owen JS. SCIENCE & MEDICINE March/April 2002 : 7676--85)85)
Lipid Transfer ProteinLipid Transfer Protein
Petchlert C. 76
Regulation of cholesterolRegulation of cholesterol
biosynthesis balancebiosynthesis balance
synthesis with dietary uptake.synthesis with dietary uptake.
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iochemistry for Health Science Lipid Metabolism
Petchlert C. 77
Inhibitors of HMGInhibitors of HMG--CoACoA
synthasesynthase
Petchlert C. 78
Petchlert C. 79
An overview ofAn overview of
isoprenoidisoprenoidbiosynthesis.biosynthesis.