Ch09
27
Chapter9 Introduction to Information Technology Turban, Rainer and Potter John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Copyright 2005
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Transcript of Ch09
Chapter9
Introduction to Information Technology Turban, Rainer and Potter John Wiley & Sons, Inc.Copyright 2005
Chapter9
Interorganizational and Global Information Systems
Chapter 93
“ Copyright 2005 John Wiley & Sons Inc.”
Chapter Outline
Interorganizational systems Global information systems B2B exchanges and Hubs Virtual corporations and IT support Electronic data interchange Extranets, XML, and web services IOS Implementation issues
Chapter 94
“ Copyright 2005 John Wiley & Sons Inc.”
Learning Objectives
Define and classify IOSs
Define and classify global information systems
Present the major issues surrounding global information systems
Describe B2B exchanges and hubs
Describe virtual corporations and their IT support
Describe EDI and EDI/Internet and their benefits and limitations
Describe extranets, XML, and web services
Present major IOS implementation issues
Chapter 95
“ Copyright 2005 John Wiley & Sons Inc.”
An information system that supports information flow among two or more organizations.
IOSs have developed in direct response to two business pressures (drivers): the desire to reduce costs and to improve the effectiveness and timeliness of business processes.
9.1 Interorganizational Systems (IOSs)
Chapter 96
“ Copyright 2005 John Wiley & Sons Inc.”
Types of Interorganizational Systems
B2B trading systems Global systems Electronic funds transfer (EFT) Groupware Integrated messaging Shared databases Systems that support virtual corporations.
Chapter 97
“ Copyright 2005 John Wiley & Sons Inc.”
Electronic data interchange (EDI)
Extranets
XML
Web services
IOSs classification based on the technology
Chapter 98
“ Copyright 2005 John Wiley & Sons Inc.”
Overview of IOSs
Chapter 99
“ Copyright 2005 John Wiley & Sons Inc.”
Interorganizational systems that connect companies located in two or more countries.
9.2 Global Information Systems
Chapter 910
“ Copyright 2005 John Wiley & Sons Inc.”
Cultural differenceLocalizationEconomic and political
differencesLegal issues
Issues in global IS design
Chapter 911
“ Copyright 2005 John Wiley & Sons Inc.”
Characteristic and problem along global supply chains
Global supply chains involve supplier and /or customers in other countries. Some of the issues in global supply chains are:
legal issues, customs fees and taxes, language and cultural differences, fast changes in currency exchange rates and political instabilities.
Chapter 912
“ Copyright 2005 John Wiley & Sons Inc.”
Two IT innovations that help organizations communicate, collaborate and trade are B2B exchanges and Hubs.
B2B exchanges can be either private (one buyer and many sellers, or one seller and many buyers) or public (many seller and buyers).
Hub is used to facilitate communication and coordination among business partners, frequently along the supply chain.
9.3 B2B Exchanges and Hubs
Chapter 913
“ Copyright 2005 John Wiley & Sons Inc.”
Web-based supply chain involving trading exchanges
Chapter 914
“ Copyright 2005 John Wiley & Sons Inc.”
Electronic Hubs Compared to Traditional Intermediaries
Chapter 915
“ Copyright 2005 John Wiley & Sons Inc.”
Virtual corporations (VC). An organization composed of two or more business partners, in different locations, sharing costs and resources for the purpose of producing a product or service; can be temporary or permanent.
9.4 Virtual Corporations and IT Support
Chapter 916
“ Copyright 2005 John Wiley & Sons Inc.”
9.5 Electronic Data Interchange (EDI)
EDI is a communication standard that enables the electronic transfer of routine documents between business partners.
Chapter 917
“ Copyright 2005 John Wiley & Sons Inc.”
Major Components of EDI
EDI translators
Business transactions messages
Data formatting standards
Chapter 918
“ Copyright 2005 John Wiley & Sons Inc.”
The process of EDI: Computers talk to computers Message are coded using the standards
using a converter The massage travels over a Van or the
Internet When received the message is automatically
translated into a business language
The Process of EDI
Chapter 919
“ Copyright 2005 John Wiley & Sons Inc.”
The Benefits of EDI
The benefits of this process are :Data entry errors are minimized
The length of the message can be shorter
The messages are secured
EDI fosters collaborative relationships
Chapter 920
“ Copyright 2005 John Wiley & Sons Inc.”
Reduced cycle time
Better inventory management
Increased productivity
Enhanced customer service
Minimized paper usage and storage
Increased cash flow
Other Benefits of EDI
Chapter 921
“ Copyright 2005 John Wiley & Sons Inc.”
Internet-Based EDI
Why? Accessibility Reach Cost Use of Web technology Ease of use Added functionality
Chapter 922
“ Copyright 2005 John Wiley & Sons Inc.”
Extranet: A network that links business partners to one another over the Internet by providing access to certain areas of each other’s corporate intranets.XLM (eXtensible Markup Language): A simplified version of the general data description language, SGML; used to improve compatibility between the disparate systems of business partners by defining the meaning of data in business documents.Web services: Universal, prefabricated business process software modules, delivered over the Internet, that users can select and combine through almost any device enabling disparate systems to share data services.
9.6 Extranets, XNL, and Web Services
Chapter 923
“ Copyright 2005 John Wiley & Sons Inc.”
XML Differ from HTML
The purpose of HTML is to help build web pages ad display data on web pages.
The purpose of HTML is to describe data and information . It dose not say how the data will be displayed .
XML can be used to send complex message that include different files.
Chapter 924
“ Copyright 2005 John Wiley & Sons Inc.”
Flexibility Understandability Less specialized
Benefits of XML over HTML
Chapter 925
“ Copyright 2005 John Wiley & Sons Inc.”
IOS Implementation issues
Partner relationship management (PRM): all of the efforts made to apply customer relationship management (CRM) to relationship with business partners.Supplier relationship management (SRM): All of the efforts made to apply CRM to relationships with suppliers.Collaborative commerce (c-commerce): non-selling/buying electronic transaction between and among organizations.
Chapter 926
“ Copyright 2005 John Wiley & Sons Inc.”
Retailer- suppliers
Product design
Collaborative manufacturing
Some Areas of Collaboration Using IOSs
Chapter 927
“ Copyright 2005 John Wiley & Sons Inc.”
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