Ch06
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Transcript of Ch06
![Page 1: Ch06](https://reader038.fdocuments.in/reader038/viewer/2022103114/55574275d8b42a63448b471f/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Waves and Electromagnetic Radiation
Chapter 6
Great Idea:Whenever an electrically charged object is accelerated, it produces electromagnetic
radiation—waves of energy that travel at the speed of light
![Page 2: Ch06](https://reader038.fdocuments.in/reader038/viewer/2022103114/55574275d8b42a63448b471f/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Chapter Outline
• The Nature of Waves• The Electromagnetic Wave• The Electromagnetic Spectrum
![Page 3: Ch06](https://reader038.fdocuments.in/reader038/viewer/2022103114/55574275d8b42a63448b471f/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
The Nature of Waves
![Page 4: Ch06](https://reader038.fdocuments.in/reader038/viewer/2022103114/55574275d8b42a63448b471f/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Energy Transfer by Waves
• Wave– A traveling disturbance
• Properties of waves– Wavelength– Frequency– Velocity– Amplitude
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Energy Transfer
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The Properties of a Wave
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The Relationship among Wavelength, Frequency, & Velocity
• Velocity of a wave
– Equation: fv
![Page 8: Ch06](https://reader038.fdocuments.in/reader038/viewer/2022103114/55574275d8b42a63448b471f/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Waves Passing a Sailboat
![Page 9: Ch06](https://reader038.fdocuments.in/reader038/viewer/2022103114/55574275d8b42a63448b471f/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
The Two Kinds of Waves: Transverse and Longitudinal
• Transverse– Motion is perpendicular to wave direction
• Longitudinal– Motion is same direction as wave
![Page 10: Ch06](https://reader038.fdocuments.in/reader038/viewer/2022103114/55574275d8b42a63448b471f/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Transverse andLongitudinal Waves
![Page 11: Ch06](https://reader038.fdocuments.in/reader038/viewer/2022103114/55574275d8b42a63448b471f/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Science by the Numbers
• The Sound of Music
![Page 12: Ch06](https://reader038.fdocuments.in/reader038/viewer/2022103114/55574275d8b42a63448b471f/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
An Organ Pipe Produces a Single Note
![Page 13: Ch06](https://reader038.fdocuments.in/reader038/viewer/2022103114/55574275d8b42a63448b471f/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
The Science of Life
• Use of Sound by Animals
![Page 14: Ch06](https://reader038.fdocuments.in/reader038/viewer/2022103114/55574275d8b42a63448b471f/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Interference
• Interference– Constructive interference
•Act together
![Page 15: Ch06](https://reader038.fdocuments.in/reader038/viewer/2022103114/55574275d8b42a63448b471f/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Interference
• Interference– Destructive interference
•Cancellation
![Page 16: Ch06](https://reader038.fdocuments.in/reader038/viewer/2022103114/55574275d8b42a63448b471f/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Interference Pattern
![Page 17: Ch06](https://reader038.fdocuments.in/reader038/viewer/2022103114/55574275d8b42a63448b471f/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
The Electromagnetic Wave
![Page 18: Ch06](https://reader038.fdocuments.in/reader038/viewer/2022103114/55574275d8b42a63448b471f/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Albert A. Michelson
![Page 19: Ch06](https://reader038.fdocuments.in/reader038/viewer/2022103114/55574275d8b42a63448b471f/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
The Anatomy of the Electromagnetic Wave
• Point A - Maximum strength, but decreasing
• Point B - Minimum strength, but increasing
• Electromagnetic waves continue through internal mechanisms and transfer energy as they travel
![Page 20: Ch06](https://reader038.fdocuments.in/reader038/viewer/2022103114/55574275d8b42a63448b471f/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Light and the Energy of Electromagnetic Waves
• Speed of light– All electromagnetic waves have same velocity
– c = 300,000km/s
• Energy– Higher frequency = blue color– Lower frequency = red color
![Page 21: Ch06](https://reader038.fdocuments.in/reader038/viewer/2022103114/55574275d8b42a63448b471f/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
The Speed of Light
![Page 22: Ch06](https://reader038.fdocuments.in/reader038/viewer/2022103114/55574275d8b42a63448b471f/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
The Doppler Effect
• Doppler effect– Wave motion is independent of its source
– If source moves, frequency appears to change
![Page 23: Ch06](https://reader038.fdocuments.in/reader038/viewer/2022103114/55574275d8b42a63448b471f/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
The Doppler Effect
![Page 24: Ch06](https://reader038.fdocuments.in/reader038/viewer/2022103114/55574275d8b42a63448b471f/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Transmission, Absorption, and Scattering
• Transmission– Wave passes through matter
• Absorption– Wave and energy are absorbed
• Scattering– Waves absorbed and reemitted
•Diffuse scattering•Reflection
![Page 25: Ch06](https://reader038.fdocuments.in/reader038/viewer/2022103114/55574275d8b42a63448b471f/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Refraction
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Absorption of Sunlight by Asphalt
![Page 27: Ch06](https://reader038.fdocuments.in/reader038/viewer/2022103114/55574275d8b42a63448b471f/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Diffuse Scattering of Sunlight
![Page 28: Ch06](https://reader038.fdocuments.in/reader038/viewer/2022103114/55574275d8b42a63448b471f/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Scattering of Light through Reflection
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The Electromagnetic Spectrum
![Page 30: Ch06](https://reader038.fdocuments.in/reader038/viewer/2022103114/55574275d8b42a63448b471f/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
The Electromagnetic Spectrum
• Maxwell’s equations– Predicted more waves
• Hertz– Radio waves
![Page 31: Ch06](https://reader038.fdocuments.in/reader038/viewer/2022103114/55574275d8b42a63448b471f/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
The Electromagnetic Spectrum
![Page 32: Ch06](https://reader038.fdocuments.in/reader038/viewer/2022103114/55574275d8b42a63448b471f/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
Radio Waves and Microwaves
• Radio waves– Range: kilohertz to hundreds of megahertz
– Longest waves
• Microwaves– Range: 1mm–1m
![Page 33: Ch06](https://reader038.fdocuments.in/reader038/viewer/2022103114/55574275d8b42a63448b471f/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
The Stealth Fighter
![Page 34: Ch06](https://reader038.fdocuments.in/reader038/viewer/2022103114/55574275d8b42a63448b471f/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
Technology
• AM and FM Transmission
![Page 35: Ch06](https://reader038.fdocuments.in/reader038/viewer/2022103114/55574275d8b42a63448b471f/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
Technology
• Microwave ovens
![Page 36: Ch06](https://reader038.fdocuments.in/reader038/viewer/2022103114/55574275d8b42a63448b471f/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
Infrared Radiation
• Infrared radiation– Range: 1mm–1µ
• All warm objects emit radiation
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Heat Escaping from People
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Visible Light
• Visible light– Range: 700nm–400nm
• Colors– Slices of electromagnetic spectrum
![Page 39: Ch06](https://reader038.fdocuments.in/reader038/viewer/2022103114/55574275d8b42a63448b471f/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
A Glass Prism Separating White Light
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Path of Light through the Human Eye
![Page 41: Ch06](https://reader038.fdocuments.in/reader038/viewer/2022103114/55574275d8b42a63448b471f/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
Ultraviolet Radiation
• Ultraviolet radiation– Range: 400nm–100nm– Shorter wavelength=more energy
•Damage to cells
• Fluorescence
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Protect Skin with Sunblock
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X-rays and Gamma Rays
• X-rays– Range: 100nm–0.1nm– High-frequency– Medicine
• Gamma Rays– Range: 0.1nm (10–10m)–10–12m– Highest frequency– Medicine– Astronomy
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X-rays