Ch05 Schermerhorn 2005 9e OB

8/8/2019 Ch05 Schermerhorn 2005 9e OB

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OrganizationalOrganizationalBehavior, 9/EBehavior, 9/E

Schermerhorn, Hunt, andSchermerhorn, Hunt, and

OsbornOsborn

Prepared by

Michael K. McCuddy

Valparaiso University

John Wiley & Sons, Inc.


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Organizational Behavior: Chapter 5 2

Chapter 5 Study Questions

What is the perception process?

What are common perceptualdistortions?

How can perceptions be managed?

What is attribution theory?


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Study Question 1: What is the

perception process?

Perception.

The process by which people select, organize,interpret, retrieve, and respond to information.

People process information inputs into

responses involving feeling and action.The quality or accuracy of a persons

perceptions has a major impact on responses.


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Study Question 1: What is the perception

process?


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perception process?


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perception process? Information attention and selection.

Selective screening.

Lets in only a tiny portion all the information that

is available.

Two types of selective screening.

Controlled processing.

Screening without perceivers conscious

awareness.


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perception process?Organization of information.

Schemas. Cognitive frameworks that represent organized

knowledge about a given concept or stimulusdeveloped through experience.

Types of schemas: Self schemas.

Person schemas.

Script schemas.

Person-in-situation schemas.


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perception process?

Information interpretation.

Uncovering the reasons behind the ways

stimuli are grouped.

People may interpret the same information

differently or make different attributions about

information.


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perception process?

Information retrieval.

Attention and selection, organization, and

interpretation are part of memory.

Information stored in memory must be retrievedin order to be used.


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Study Question 2: What are common

perceptual distortions?


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Stereotypes or prototypes.

Combines information based on the categoryor class to which a person, situation, or object

belongs.

Individual differences are obscured.

Strong impact at the organization stage.


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Halo effects.

Occur when one attribute of a person or

situation is used to develop an overall

impression of the individual or situation.

Likely to occur in the organization stage.

Important in the performance appraisal

process.


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perceptual distortions? Selective perception.

The tendency to single out those aspects of a

situation, person, or object that are consistent

with ones needs, values, or attitudes.

Strongest impact is at the attention stage.

Perception checking with other persons can

help counter the adverse impact of selective

perception.


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perceptual distortions?Projection.

The assignment of ones personal attributes to other

individuals.

Especially likely to occur in interpretation stage.

Projection can be controlled through a high degree of

self-awareness and empathy.


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perceptual distortions?Contrast effects.

Occur when an individual is compared to other

people on the same characteristics on which the

others rank higher or lower.

People must be aware of the impact of contrast

effects in many work settings


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perceptual distortions?Self-fulfilling prophecy.

The tendency to create or find in another

situation or individual that which one expectedto find.

Also called the Pygmalion effect.

Can have either positive or negative outcomes.Managers should adopt positive and optimistic

approaches to people at work.


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Study Question 3: How can

perceptions be managed?

Distortion management.

Managers should: Balance automatic and controlled information

processing at the attention and selection stage.

Broaden their schemas at the organizing stage.

Be attuned to attributions at the interpretation

stage.


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Study Question 4:What is

attribution theory?Attribution theory aids in perceptual

interpretation by focusing on how people

attempt to:Understand the causes of a certain event.

Assess responsibility for the outcomes of the

event.Evaluate the personal qualities of the people

involved in the event.


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attribution theory?Factors influencing internal and external

attributions.

Distinctiveness consistency of a personsbehavior across situations.

Consensus likelihood of others responding

in a similar way.Consistency whether an individual

responds the same way across time.


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attribution theory?

Fundamental attribution error.

Applies to the evaluation of someones else

behavior.

Attributing success to the influence of

situational factors.

Attributing failure to the influence of personal

factors.


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attribution theory?Self-serving bias.

Applies to the evaluation of our own behavior.

Attributing success to the influence of personal factors.

Attributing failure to the influence of situational factors.


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attribution theory? Techniques for effectively managing perceptions

and attributions.

Be self-aware.

Seek a wide range of differing information.

Try to see a situation as others would.

Be aware of different kinds of schemas.

Be aware of perceptual distortions.

Be aware of self and impression management.

Be aware of attribution theory implications.


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