Ch03 E Business Infrastructure

Figure 3.1 A five-layer model of e-business infrastructure

Table 3.1 Key management issues of e-business infrastructure

Table 3.1 Key management issues of e-business infrastructure (Continued)

Slide 3.*Dave Chaffey, E-Business and E-Commerce Management, 3rd Edition Marketing Insights Ltd 2007

What is the Internet?The Internet, sometimes called simply "the Net," is a worldwide system of computer networks - a network of networks in which users at any one computer can, if they have permission, get information from any other computer-whatis.com

A global network connecting millions of computers. More than 100 countries are linked into exchanges of data, news and opinions. -webopedia.comis logically linked together by a globally unique address space based on the Internet Protocol (IP) or its subsequent extensions/follow-ons-FNC

** INTERNET IS A LARGE SCALE CLIENT/SERVER SYSTEM **

Figure 3.2 Physical and network infrastructure components of the Internet (Levels IV and III in Figure 3.1)


London Internet ExchangeLocated in Docklands area in East LondonSecond large IX in Europe


Malaysia and InternetInternet Usage Statistics: 13,528,200 Internet users as of Sept/2006, 47.8% of the population, according to M.C.M.C.Malaysia Internet Exchange (MyIX)Established in November, 2003 Launched on 15th December 20063 nodes connected in AIMS, NCC and TPM Jaring

Table 3.2 Six stages of advances in the dissemination of information


Clay tabletsGuternberg Press

Figure 3.3 A five-layer model of e-business infrastructure


How big is the Internet?Over 1 billion Internet users worldwideHow big the infrastructure they accessing?Measured by number of serversNumber of pages indexed by search engines2006: 9 billion pagesDec 2007:????

Figure 3.4 The Netcraft index of number of serversSource: Netcraft Web Server Survey. http://news.netcraft.com/archives/web server survey.html. Netcraft, http://netcraft.com


Intranet and extranetIntranet:A private network within a single company using Internet standards to enable employees to share information

Extranet:Formed by extending an intranet beyond a company to customers, suppliers and collaborators

An extranet is created when two businesses connect their respective intranets for business communication and transactions

Figure 3.5 The relationship between intranets, extranets and the Internet


Intranet applicationsUsed extensively for supporting sell-side e-commerceReduced product lifecyclesReduced cost by avoiding hard copyDistribution of information through remote offices


Intranet applicationsInternal marketing communicationStaff phone directoriesStaff procedures or quality manualsCompetitor information, factory schedule, list of product with discountStaff newsletterTraining courses


Intranet applicationsLess common intranet applicationsEmployee incentive scheme: best employee & votingText messaging: distribution company and sales staffHoliday booking: holyday request to managerResource booking: bookings of meeting roomsNews screen: recent achievements on dedicated screenIntegrated external resources:route planning, mapping or traffic news site


Intranet applicationsBenefits mention by managersimproved information sharingEnhanced communicationIncreased consistency of informationEasier organizational publishing


Extranet applicationsBusiness befits of extranetsInformation sharing in effective environment: business partners can be shared using extranetCost reduction: reducing paper documentsOrder processing and distribution: Extranet connect retailers sales terminal to suppliers delivery systemCustomer service:Extranet for customers


Use of extranet on global basis


Premier Dell.com


Questions on extranet?(Management issues for intranet and extranet)Are the levels of usage sufficient?Avoid use of internetIs it effective and efficient?Return on investment should be assessedWho has ownership of the extranet?IT, Finance, Marketing needs must be resolvedWhat are the levels of service quality?Speed of availability of extranetIs the quality of information adequate?Up-to-date and accurate information


FirewallsA specialized software mounted on a separate server at the point where the company is connected to the Internet

Its purpose is to prevent unauthorized access into the company from outsiders

Figure 3.6 Firewall positions within the e-business infrastructure of the B2B company


What is the Internet?World Wide Web technique for publishing information on the InternetWeb browsers a method of accessing and viewing information stored as web documentsWeb servers store and present the web pages

Figure 3.7 Information exchange between a web browser and web server


World Wide WebBased on standard document formats such as HTMLOffers hyperlinkSupports a wide range of formattingCan integrate graphics and animationsMake interactions possible


Web 2.0It isnt a new web standardJust an evolution of technologies and communication approachesSome main characteristics:Web services or interactive applications hosted on the WebAd funding of neutral sitesEncouraging creation of user-generated contentEnabling rating of content


del.icio.us


Internet toolsE-mailInstant messaging (IM) and Internet Relay Chat (IRC)Usenet newsgroupsFTP file transferTelnetBlogsRSS (Really Simple Syndication)Podcasting eg. Ipod, mp3 playersVOIP (voice over internet protocol)IPTV


BlogsAs a Blogger user youre likely aware of the nearly infinite number of ways to express yourself online. Whether youre a photographer showing off your portfolio, a foodie sharing your newest tasty creation, or a business promoting your latest deals, Blogger has the tools to help your content shine and reach readers from all over the world. All of us on the Blogger team are passionate about our users success, and have a global team dedicated to making sure you are getting the most out of the product.


Blogs


RSSAn Internet standard for publishing and exchanging content using XMLContent can be published on a site that originates from another siteNew method of distributing messages to subscribers


RSS feeds are a simple an effective way to add fresh content on your site. When you add RSS feeds to your sites, your site will get updated automatically with headlines and snippets of new content from your RSS site sources. What this means for you is that your site enjoys better search engine rankings as search engine spiders always love fresh content. Your website visitors will also enjoy visiting your website as there would always be new interesting relevant links and information.

For other blogs like Word Press and other websites you simply add and store the codes in the html script


RSS


RSS feeds


VOIPVoice data is transferred across the Internet it enables phone calls to be made over the InternetPeer-to-peerHosted serviceComplete replacement of all telephone systemsUpgrading telephone systems


Networking standardsTCP/IPTCP: Transport layer protocol that moves data between applicationsIP: Network layer protocol that moves data between host computers

Figure 3.8 The TCP/IP protocol


Networking standards

HTTPIt is the standard used to allow web browsers and servers to transfer requests for delivery of web pages


URLS and domain names

URL: A web address used to locate a web page on a web server

Web addresses are structured in a standard way as follows:http://www.domain-name.extension/filename.html

What do the following extensions or global top level domains stand for?.com (represents international company).co.uk (company based in UK).ac.uk OR .edu (UK university OR US university).org or .org.uk (not for profit organization).net (network provider).


HTML and XMLHTML (Hypertext Markup Language) A standard format used to define the text and layout of web pages. HTML files usually have the extension .HTML or .HTM.

XML or eXtensible Markup Language A standard for transferring structured data, unlike HTML which is purely presentational.

Figure 3.9 Home page index.html for The B2B Company in a web browser showing HTML source in text editor

Figure 3.10 (a) Fragmented applications infrastructure, (b) integrated applications infrastructureSource: Adapted from Hasselbring (2000)


XML exampleProduct>

118003-008

140141-002EACompaq2

US


Media standardsGIF (Graphics Interchange Format) A graphics format and compression algorithm best used for simple graphicsJPEG (Joint Photographics Experts Group) A graphics format and compression algorithm best used for photographs Streaming media. Sound and video that can be experienced within a web browser before the whole clip is downloaded e.g. Real Networks .rm formatVideo standards include MPEG and .AVISound standards include MP3 and WMA


Who controls the Internet?ICANN (Internet corporation for assigned names and Numbers)The Internet Society (www.isoc.org)The Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF)The World Wide Web Consortium (www.w3.org)Telecommunications Information Networking Architecture Consortium TINA-C


Managing e-business infrastructure

Hardware and system software infrastructure:Provision of clients, servers, OS, browser

Applications infrastructureApplication s/w used to deliver services to uses


Managing e-business infrastructureLayer II Systems softwareStandardization throughout organizationLayer III Transport or networkBased on internal company networkLaver IV StorageBased on company needs


Internet service providers (ISP)ISP connection methodSpeed of accessAvailabilityService-level agreementsSecurity

Figure 3.11 Differing use of applications at levels of management within companies

Figure 3.12 Elements of e-business infrastructure that require management


New access devicesMobile access devicesWi-Fi mobile accessBluetoothNext-generation mobile servicesInteractive digital television


Bluetooth

Figure 3.13 Mobile access technologies

Figure 3.14 Components of an interactive digital TV system

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Ch03 E Business Infrastructure

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