Software Engineering:

Chapter 2Process: A Generic View

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A Layered Technology

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Software Engineering

a “quality” focusa “quality” focus

process modelprocess model

methodsmethods

toolstools

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A Process Framework

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Process frameworkProcess frameworkFramework activitiesFramework activities

work taskswork taskswork productswork productsmilestones & deliverablesmilestones & deliverablesQA checkpointsQA checkpoints

Umbrella ActivitiesUmbrella Activities

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Framework Activities

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CommunicationPlanningModeling

Analysis of requirements

DesignConstruction

Code generationTesting

Deployment

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Umbrella Activities

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Software project managementFormal technical reviewsSoftware quality assuranceSoftware configuration managementWork product preparation and

productionReusability managementMeasurementRisk management

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The Process Model:Adaptability

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the framework activities will always be applied on every project ... BUT

the tasks (and degree of rigor) for each activity will vary based on:the type of project characteristics of the projectcommon sense judgment; concurrence of

the project team

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The CMMI

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The CMMI defines each process area in terms of “specific goals” and the “specific practices” required to achieve these goals.

Specific goals establish the characteristics that must exist if the activities implied by a process area are to be effective.

Specific practices refine a goal into a set of process-related activities.

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Process Patterns

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Process patterns define a set of activities, actions, work tasks, work products and/or related behaviors

A template is used to define a patternTypical examples:

Customer communication (a process activity)Analysis (an action)Requirements gathering (a process task)Reviewing a work product (a process task)Design model (a work product)Balaganesh-Lincoln university college

Process Assessment

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The process should be assessed to ensure that it meets a set of basic process criteria that have been shown to be essential for a successful software engineering.

Many different assessment options are available: SCAMPICBA IPISPICEISO 9001:2000

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Assessment and Improvement

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Software Process

Software Process Assessment

is examined by identifies capabilitiesand risk of

identifiesmodifications to

Software Process Improvement

Capability Determination

leads to leads to

motivates

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Personal Software Process (PSP)

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Recommends five framework activities:PlanningHigh-level designHigh-level design reviewDevelopmentPostmortem

stresses the need for each software engineer to identify errors early and as important, to understand the types of errors

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Team Software Process (TSP)

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Each project is “launched” using a “script” that defines the tasks to be accomplished

Teams are self-directedMeasurement is encouragedMeasures are analyzed with the intent of

improving the team process

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The Primary Goal of Any Software Process: High Quality

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Remember:Remember:

High quality = project timelinessHigh quality = project timeliness

Why?Why?

Less rework!Less rework!

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