Types of Computer Hardware Microcomputer or Personal Computer (PC) Minicomputers Mainframes.
Ch Review1 Review Chapter Microcomputer Systems Hardware, Software, and the Operating System.
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Transcript of Ch Review1 Review Chapter Microcomputer Systems Hardware, Software, and the Operating System.
Ch Review 1
Review Review ChapterChapter
Microcomputer Systems Hardware, Software, and the
Operating System
Ch Review 2
OverviewOverview
Operating system of choice today is Windows 95/98
Ch Review 3
OverviewOverview
Previously MS-DOS was the operating system of
choice.
Ch Review 4
OverviewOverview
When using MS-DOS … only one application can be run at any given time there is no sharing of resources
Ch Review 5
OverviewOverview
When using Windows … more than one program can run at any given time data can be shared between programs
Ch Review 6
OverviewOverview
Still important to know DOS even though Windows 95 OS
no longer requires it.
Ch Review 7
An Introduction An Introduction to Computersto Computers
Widespread use of computers in all sectors of
our lives.
Ch Review 8
Categories of Categories of ComputersComputers
Four major categories of computers:
Supercomputer Mainframe Minicomputer Microcomputer
Ch Review 9
Computer Computer ComponentsComponents
Ch Review 10
Computer Computer ComponentsComponents
For a computer to function it needs …
hardware software data
Ch Review 11
Microcomputer Microcomputer Hardware Hardware
ComponentsComponents
System configuration …the basic hardware components of a completeoperating system.
Ch Review 12
Microcomputer Hardware
ComponentsComponents
Ch Review 13
The System UnitThe System Unit
System unit …houses the electronic and
mechanical parts of thecomputer.
Ch Review 14
The System UnitThe System Unit
Ch Review 15
Central Processing Central Processing UnitUnit
Central Processing Unit (CPU) …
the brains of the computer.
Ch Review 16
Central Processing Central Processing UnitUnit
Bus …a connection or path (wires) between the CPU and theinput/output devices.
Ch Review 17
Random Access Random Access MemoryMemory
Random Access Memory (RAM) …
the workspace of the computer.
Ch Review 18
Cache MemoryCache Memory
Cache Memory …a place in memory where data can be stored for quickaccess.
Ch Review 19
Read-only Read-only MemoryMemory
Read-only memory (ROM) …
designed to hold permanently stored programs installed bythe computer manufacturer.
Ch Review 20
Read-only Read-only MemoryMemory
ROM …is sometimes called
Firmware.
Ch Review 21
Adapter CardsAdapter Cards
Adapter Cards …printed circuit boards installed in the computer toallow installation and use ofperipheral devices.
Ch Review 22
ControllersControllers
Controller …determines number and
kinds of devices that can beattached to a computer.
Ch Review 23
Input/Output Input/Output Adapter CardsAdapter Cards
Input/Output (I/O) …the process of data and program instructions going
inand out of the CPU.
Ch Review 24
Input/Output Input/Output Adapter CardsAdapter Cards
Input/Output Adapter Cards …enables communication
with devices.
Ch Review 25
Input/Output Input/Output Adapter CardsAdapter Cards
A typical I/O card has both a …
serial port (COM port) parallel port (LPT port)
Ch Review 26
Input/Output Input/Output Adapter CardsAdapter Cards
Ch Review 27
Peripherals:Peripherals:Input DevicesInput Devices
Input Devices …used to get data or
information into computer.
Ch Review 28
Peripherals:Peripherals:Output DevicesOutput Devices
Output Devices …used to view data or
information that is in the
computer.
Ch Review 29
Output Devices:Output Devices:MonitorsMonitors
The computer monitor is a common output device.
Ch Review 30
Output Devices:Output Devices:MonitorsMonitors
Monitor resolution is measured by the number of pixels on the screen.
Ch Review 31
Output Devices:Output Devices:MonitorsMonitors
There are two types of monitors available:
Interlaced Non-interlaced
Ch Review 32
Output Devices:Output Devices:MonitorsMonitors
A video display adapter card (video card) controls the
monitor.
Ch Review 33
Output Devices:Output Devices:PrintersPrinters
The printer is an output device that is used to produce a hard (paper)
copy.
Ch Review 34
ModemsModems
Other output devices include …
phone modems cable modems
Ch Review 35
ModemsModems
MOdulator/DEModulator (Modem) …
translates digital signals into analog signals that travelover phone or cable lines.
Ch Review 36
DisksDisksandand
Disk DrivesDisk Drives
External (Secondary) storage media …
is needed in order to save information permanently.
Ch Review 37
DisksDisksandand
Disk DrivesDisk Drives
Two types of common secondary storage media are:
Floppy disks Hard disks
Ch Review 38
Capacity Measurement:Capacity Measurement:Bits and BytesBits and Bytes
A computer is made up of switches that are either in an “on” state or an “off” state.
Ch Review 39
Capacity Measurement:Capacity Measurement:Bits and BytesBits and Bytes
Binary digit (BIT) …the smallest unit that a
computer can recognize.
Ch Review 40
Capacity Measurement:Capacity Measurement:Bits and BytesBits and Bytes
Byte …a unit of measurement that
is comprised of eight bits.
Ch Review 41
Capacity Measurement:Capacity Measurement:Bits and BytesBits and Bytes
Computer storage and memory are both
measured in bytes.
Ch Review 42
Floppy DisksFloppy Disks
The two types of floppy disks are the …
3 - 1/2 inch disk 5 - 1/4 inch disk
Ch Review 43
Floppy DisksFloppy Disks
Ch Review 44
CD-ROMsCD-ROMs
Compact disc (CD) …a common transport and
storage device for software.
Ch Review 45
CD-ROMsCD-ROMs
DVD is an enhancement of CD-ROM technology.
Ch Review 46
Removable DisksRemovable Disks
The removable disk is another type of external
storage media.
Ch Review 47
Hard DisksHard Disks
The hard disk … is a non-removable disk holds more info than a removable floppy disk
Ch Review 48
Hard DisksHard Disks
Ch Review 49
DividingDividingthethe
DiskDisk
Disks are divided into numbered tracks and
sectors.
Ch Review 50
DividingDividingthethe
DiskDisk
Ch Review 51
Disk DrivesDisk Drives
Disk drive …writes information to and
from a disk.
Ch Review 52
Disk DrivesDisk Drives
Cluster …basic unit of disk storage.
Ch Review 53
Disk DrivesDisk Drives
Ch Review 54
Device NamesDevice Names
Device …a place for a computer to
send or receive information.
Ch Review 55
Device NamesDevice Names
Ch Review 56
SoftwareSoftware
Software is …the step-by-step instructions that tell the computer what todo.
Ch Review 57
SoftwareSoftware
Two categories of software:
Application software System software
Ch Review 58
SoftwareSoftwareSystem software is divided into three categories:
Operating systems System utility Programming language processor
Ch Review 59
SoftwareSoftware
The OS supervises … the processing of application programs all computer input/output
Ch Review 60
SoftwareSoftware
The term Operating System is generic.
Ch Review 61
SoftwareSoftware
In Windows 95/98, “MS-DOS prompt” is the same as …
“command line” “command prompt”
Ch Review 62
Operating SystemOperating SystemFundamentalsFundamentals
Operating system (OS) …is a program that is always
working.
Ch Review 63
Operating SystemOperating SystemFundamentalsFundamentals
ROM-BIOS …provides the interface between the hardware and
theOS.
Ch Review 64
Operating SystemOperating SystemFundamentalsFundamentals
The Boot Up Process:1. Runs a program in ROM-BIOS which does a self check.2. ROM-BIOS checks to see if disk drive is installed.3. Looks for boot record.4. When proper boot record found, reads record from disk into RAM.5. Turns control over to this program.
Ch Review 65
Operating SystemOperating SystemFundamentalsFundamentals
Command processor …the program that the user communicates and interactswith.
Ch Review 66
Operating SystemOperating SystemFundamentalsFundamentals
The OS utilizes two types of commands:
Internal External
Ch Review 67
Operating SystemOperating SystemFundamentalsFundamentals
An executable program will have a file name with one of the three following file extensions …
.com .exe .bat
Ch Review 68
NetworksNetworks
A network … is two or more computers connected together enables users to communicate and share resources
Ch Review 69
NetworksNetworks
Two kinds of networks: LAN WAN
Ch Review 70
NetworksNetworks