CH----O---C-----R

R= C12-C24 Hydrocarbon Chain

I I O

3

Biodiesel Molecule

Triglyceride Transesterification

A high viscosity fuel, such as raw vegetable

oil, will produce a larger drop of fuel in

an engine combustion chamber which may

not burn as clean as a fuel that produces a

smaller drop.

Biodiesel has a viscosity much closer

to diesel fuel than vegetable oil. This

helps produce a much smaller drop, which

burns cleaner.

300 gallons Yellow Grease x .6 = 180 gallons

180 gallons x 134,000 BTU’s = 24,120,000 BTU’s

180 gallons x 7.38 lbs. = 1,328 lbs.

1,328 lbs. x $0.16 = $212.54 ($1.18/gal.)

Types of Alternative Fuels•Dimethoxy Methane, Dimethyl Ether

•Thermal Depolymerization

•Biodiesel Oil; SAE Fatty Acid Methyl Ester (FAME)

•Rapeseed Methyl Ester(RME)

•CNG, LNG, LPG (Traditional)

•Fischer-tropf Fuels, Biomass to Liquid(BTL), Sundiesel

•E-diesel

•P-Series

•Purinox

•Syngas, Nano-fuels

Biofuels and the Carbon Cycle

When the source of fuel is plant matter, organic material or biomass, the fuel is a renewable source of energy, an important distinction. A large part of the CO2 released during combustion is reclaimed during photosynthesis.The most readily available and successful biofuels in the marketplace today are ethanol and biodiesel.

Greenhouse Gas Emissions (GGE)

U.S. Greenhouse Gas Emissions

Projected Global Carbon Dioxide Emissions

CO2 Concentrations As Observed, 1958 through 2002

Cold War Technology

Carbon Sequestration

Geologic Approaches to Sequestration

•Oil and Gas Reservoirs

•Coal Bed Methane

•Saline Formation

 

Ocean Approaches

CO2 is soluble in ocean water, and through natural processes the oceans both absorb and emit huge amounts of CO2 into the atmosphere. It is widely believed that the oceans will eventually absorb most of the CO2 in the atmosphere. However, ocean uptake is unacceptably slow.

•Stimulate growth of phytoplankton by adding micronutrients and macronutrients

•Direct injection of CO2

 Terrestrial Approaches

•Forest lands

•Agricultural lands

•Biomass croplands

•Restoration of degraded lands and deserts

•Boreal wetlands and peatlands 

Nanotechnology

Infrastructure$/Kw

Biofuels are an important component of Carbon

Sequestration