CH 9 Section 1

The “market economy” meant that workers spent the money they earned on

goods made by others.

Farmers turned to specialization, raising one or two crops that they could sell. People bought and sold goods rather than making them for themselves.

Capitalism is an economic system in which private businesses and individuals control

production in order to make a profit.

The growing populations in the cities needed more and more food.

Farmers used machines to plant and harvest the crops that they then sold to the cities.

Samuel F.B. Morse

Invented the telegraph. This device could send messages by wire in a few seconds.

Mestizos

• People who were part Spanish and part Native American.

Steamboats made river travel quicker and cheaper. People began building railroads to move goods.

Transporting goods by railroads was more expensive than by canals, but they moved goods faster.

During harvest time, farmers used the mechanical reaper a new invention by Cyrus McCormick.

Farmers used a steel plow invented by John Deere to help them better prepare the land for planting.