ch 8 covalent 1.notebook - Perry Local Schools – Massillon...
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ch 8 covalent 1.notebook 1 December 09, 2014 Dec 33:56 PM CHEMICAL BONDING Nov 179:57 AM D E :1&4 0' 0/%4D Ionic Covalent e - e - Cl e - e - e - e - e - e - e - Cl e - e - e - e - e - e - - NaNaCl = sodium chloride Na e - Sodium atom Chlorine atom H H C H H CH4 methane electron sharing by overlap of orbitals electron transfer Nov 178:09 AM $)&.*$"- #0/%D 5)& '03$& 5)"5 )0-%4 Ŏ "50.4 50(&5)&3 Z4)"3*/( 7"-&/$& &-&$530/4 50 )"7& " '6-- 0$5&5 Z &-&$53045"5*$ "553"$5*0/ #&58&&/ X "/% W *0/4 Z 0$$634 #&58&&/ " .&5"- "/% " /0/.&5"- Z 0$$634 #&58&&/ .0/"50.*$ "/%? 03 10-:"50.*$ *0/4 Dec 33:58 PM 08 %0 :06 ,/08 8)"5 5:1& 0' #0/% 8*-- '03.f Dec 33:50 PM 50.4 ("*/ 45"#*-*5: 8)&/ 5)&: 4)"3& &-&$530/4D Z -08&3 &/&3(: Z 45"#-& &-&$530/ $0/'*(63"5*0/ R0$5&5 36-&S ): 806-% " $07"-&/5 #0/% &7&/ '03.f Dec 34:43 PM 0/% '03."5*0/ *4 F
Transcript of ch 8 covalent 1.notebook - Perry Local Schools – Massillon...
ch 8 covalent 1.notebook
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December 09, 2014
Dec 33:56 PM
CHEMICALBONDING
Nov 179:57 AM
CHEMICAL BOND:A MUTUAL ELECTRICAL ATTRACTION BETWEEN THE NUCLEI AND VALENCE ELECTRONS OF DIFFERENT ATOMS THAT BINDS THE ATOMS TOGETHER.
Types of Bonds:
Ionic Covalent
e-
e-
Cl
e-e-
e- e-
e-
e-
e-
Cl
e-e-
e- e-
e-
e-
-Na
+
NaCl = sodium chloride
Nae-
Sodium atom Chlorine atom
H
HC
H
H
CH4
methane
electron sharing by overlap of orbitals
electron transfer
Nov 178:09 AM
A chemical bond:the force that holds 2 atoms together
COVALENTIONIC
*sharing valence electronsto have a full octet
* electrostatic attractionbetween + and - ions* occurs between a metal and a nonmetal* occurs between monatomic and/or polyatomic ions
Dec 33:58 PM
How do you know what type of bond will form?
Dec 33:50 PM
Atoms gain stability when they share electrons:
* lower energy
* stable electron configuration (octet rule)
Why would a covalent bond even form?
Dec 34:43 PM
Bond formation is EXOTHERMIC!
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December 09, 2014
Nov 87:54 AM
Covalent Bond:
ATTRACTIONS:* nucleus of hydrogen a attracted to hydrogen b's e -
* hydrogen a's e - attracted to hydrogen b's nucleusREPULSIONS:* both nuclei repel each other* both electrons repel each other
WHEN THE FORCES ARE BALANCED = STABLE COVALENT BOND
e- e-
Hydrogen atom a Hydrogen atom b
Dec 34:14 PM
Covalent bonds *always* involve the VALENCE electrons.
F = 1s2 2s2 2p5
Dec 34:09 PM
Types of Covalent Bonds:
* single
* double
* triple N N ::
Dec 34:21 PM
Sigma and pi bonds:
Sigma bonds occur in ALL covalent bonds. They are the result of cloud overlap.
Dec 34:22 PM
Pi bonds:
* only occur in double and triple bonds * forms when parallel orbitals overlap
Dec 34:25 PM
Sigma and pi bonding in a double bond:
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December 09, 2014
Dec 34:27 PM
Sigma and 2 pi bonds in a triple bond:
Nov 88:12 AM
Dec 34:26 PM
Bond length decreases from a double to a triple bond.
Bond energy increases.
(Inverse relationship)
Dec 34:31 PM
Molecule Bond type Bond lengthBond dissociation
energy(pm) (kJ/mol)
single 143 159
double 121 498
triple 110 945
Dec 34:40 PM
Bond dissociation energy:
amount of energy required to break a bond
endothermic
Dec 34:45 PM
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December 09, 2014
Dec 34:41 PM Dec 98:29 AM
