Ch. 6 Section 3Ch. 6 Section 3

Jefferson Alters the Nation’s CourseJefferson Alters the Nation’s Course

Election of 1800Election of 1800Thomas Jefferson vs. John Adams

Jefferson beat Adams by 8 electoral votesAaron Burr, Jefferson’s running mate, received

the same # of votes as Jefferson.House of Rep. was called to break the tie

After 8 days Hamilton persuaded to cast blank votes to give Jefferson a majority of 2 votes

This showed a flaw in the electoral processResult - Congress passed 25th Amend. which called

for electors to cast separate ballots for president and vice president.

Thomas Jefferson vs. John AdamsJefferson beat Adams by 8 electoral votes

Aaron Burr, Jefferson’s running mate, received the same # of votes as Jefferson.

House of Rep. was called to break the tieAfter 8 days Hamilton persuaded to cast blank votes

to give Jefferson a majority of 2 votes This showed a flaw in the electoral processResult - Congress passed 25th Amend. which called

for electors to cast separate ballots for president and vice president.

The Jefferson PresidencyThe Jefferson PresidencyJefferson planned to wage a “peaceful

revolution”He believed a simple gov’t was the best idea

for the countryHis ideas for a simple gov’t:

Shrink the gov’t and cut costsReduce size of Army and NavyReduce influence of the Bank of the U.S.Free trade rather than gov’t controlled trade

Jefferson planned to wage a “peaceful revolution”

He believed a simple gov’t was the best idea for the country

His ideas for a simple gov’t:Shrink the gov’t and cut costsReduce size of Army and NavyReduce influence of the Bank of the U.S.Free trade rather than gov’t controlled trade

Supreme CourtSupreme CourtJohn Marshall, appointed by John Adams,

served as the Chief Justice.Served 30+ years of decisions that helped

strengthen the Supreme CourtAdams pushed through the Judiciary Act of

1801 before leaving office.Increased # of federal judges by 16Attempt to help future decisions

These judges were called Midnight Judges b/c they were signed in late on Adam’s last day.

John Marshall, appointed by John Adams, served as the Chief Justice.Served 30+ years of decisions that helped

strengthen the Supreme CourtAdams pushed through the Judiciary Act of

1801 before leaving office.Increased # of federal judges by 16Attempt to help future decisions

These judges were called Midnight Judges b/c they were signed in late on Adam’s last day.

Marbury vs. MadisonMarbury vs. MadisonJefferson said the Midnight judges were

invalidWilliam Marbury, a Midnight judge,

sued in one of the most famous court cases Marbury vs. Madison.

John Marshall decided that this provision was unconstitutional.Judicial Review - ability of the Supreme

Court to declare an act of Congress unconstitutional.

Jefferson said the Midnight judges were invalid

William Marbury, a Midnight judge, sued in one of the most famous court cases Marbury vs. Madison.

John Marshall decided that this provision was unconstitutional.Judicial Review - ability of the Supreme

Court to declare an act of Congress unconstitutional.

Westward ExpansionWestward ExpansionNapoleon Bonaparte of France wanted

Spain to return to the Louisiana Territory.Americans feared this ideaJames Monroe and Robert Livingston sent

to France to buy portions of the territoryIn 1803, Napoleon sold the entire

Louisiana Territory to the U.S. for $15 million.This doubled the size of the United States.

Napoleon Bonaparte of France wanted Spain to return to the Louisiana Territory.Americans feared this ideaJames Monroe and Robert Livingston sent

to France to buy portions of the territoryIn 1803, Napoleon sold the entire

Louisiana Territory to the U.S. for $15 million.This doubled the size of the United States.

Lewis and ClarkLewis and ClarkJefferson was eager to explore the new territory as far

as the Pacific Coast.He assigned Meriwether Lewis to lead the expedition

(50 soldiers and woodsman)Lewis chose William Clark to assist himTheir assignment:

Collect scientific information about unknown plants/animalsLearn about the Native American tribes

Sacajawea, a Native American woman, served as an interpreter and guide for the trip

Jefferson was eager to explore the new territory as far as the Pacific Coast.

He assigned Meriwether Lewis to lead the expedition (50 soldiers and woodsman)

Lewis chose William Clark to assist himTheir assignment:

Collect scientific information about unknown plants/animalsLearn about the Native American tribes

Sacajawea, a Native American woman, served as an interpreter and guide for the trip

Jefferson’s Foreign Troubles

Fighting the Barbary War – Countries of North Africa were seizing American Ships and sailors in the Mediterranean Sea. When the country of Tripoli tried to raise the price of protection, Jefferson refused and sent a small American navy blockade. Reexport Tax – products were brought to America from the West Indies, unloaded and then reloaded onto French Ships and sent as American products.

Jefferson’s Troubles Continue

Impressment – the British were taking American sailors from their ships and forcing them to serve in the British navy. Chesapeake was an American warship.

Embargo – Jefferson chose this this strategy instead of going to war.