III. Skin Problems

Ch 4 Integumentary System

Warning: Graphic Pictures

Skin Problems – infections, allergies, or damages

A. Athlete’s Foot – mostly from fungal infection

B. Boils & CarbunclesBacterial infection & inflammation of hair

follicle.– Boil = 1– Carbuncle = several connected boils

C. Black & Whiteheads

1. Blackheads - oil and dead skin cells trapped in a oil pore, makeup

2. Whiteheads - flesh-or white-colored bumps due to skin pore blockage; blockage is deeper than blackhead (covered w/epithelium)

D. Cold Sores

1. Caused by

Herpes simplex

virus I

2. Common,

contagious,

incurable

1. Inflammatory response – red, itchy rash2. Non-contagious3. Chronic – long term, reoccuring4. Caused by contact with allergens or irritants, exposure to sunlight, or by poor circulation, even stress.

E. Contact Dermatitis

F. Impetigo

1. Crusting skin infection

2. Caused by staph and strep bacteria

3. Pus filled blisters

4. Highly contagious

G. Psoriasis1. Chronic – arms, knees, elbows, scalp

2. Red patches covered with white scales

3. Unknown cause; some think autoimmune disorder

4. Triggered by trauma, infection, stress

H. Cyanosis

1. Blue skin, membranes, and/or nails

2. Due to reduced oxygen in blood

I. Burns

1.Tissue damage and cell death caused by heat, electricity, UV radiation, or chemicals

2. Associated dangersa. Dehydration

b. Electrolyte imbalance

c. Circulatory shock

3.Rules of Nines

a. Way to determine the extent of burns

b. Body is divided into 11 areas for quick estimate

c. Each area represents ~ 9%

4. Burns are CRITICAL if…

1. Over 25% of body has 2nd degree

2. Over 10% has 3rd degree

3. 3rd degree burns on face, hands, and/or feet

 

Scald Burn

Heat Burn

Chemical

Electrical

Sunburn

Contact Burn

Inhale Burn

J. Skin Cancer

1. Abnormal cell massa. Benign-does not spread

(encapsulated)b. Malignant-Metastasized (moves) to other parts of body

Skin cancer is most common type of cancer.

2. Three common types of Malignant Skin Cancer

a. Basal cell carcinoma- least malignant

- Most common- Arises from stratum basale

b. Squamous Cell Carcinoma- arises from stratum spinosum- Metastasizes to lymph nodes- Early removal allows a good chance of cure

c. Malignant Melanoma

- Most deadly

- Cancer of melanocytes

- Metastasizes rapidly to lymph & blood vessels

- Detection uses ABCD

rule.

ABCD RuleABCD Rule

A = Asymmetry – Two sides of pigmented mole do not match

B = Border irregularity – Borders of mole are not smooth

C = Color – Different colors in pigmented area

D = Diameter – Spot is larger then 6 mm in diameter