Ch. 32 Latin America: Revolution and Reaction into the 21 st Century
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Transcript of Ch. 32 Latin America: Revolution and Reaction into the 21 st Century
Ch. 32 Latin America:Revolution and Reaction into the 21st
Century By: Roman Gonzalez,
Clark Lurot and Veronica Pasamante
Overview Latin America not as involved w/ WWII Cold war new revolutionary motives Latin America continues previous political
policies Bolivia, Guatemala, and Cuba experience
significant revolutions Latin America look into many solutions Social relations change over time
Latin America After WWII 1945: Latin American
countries dominated by authoritarian reformers
Getulio Vargas Brazil
Juan Peron Argentina› Peronism Dirty
War 1982: Argentina and
Britain
Mexico and the PRI
PRI: Party of the Institutionalized Revolution
1994-armed guerilla movement by Zapatistas
Mexican gov. joins NAFTA
2000- national election ends PRI
Vicente Fox becomes president
Radical Options in the 1950s
Desire to improve social and economic conditions
Revolution, democratic parties, Marxian Socialism
Radical solutions
Guatemala
Illiterate, poor health conditions, and high death rate
Juan Jose Arevalo› Spiritual socialism
Colonel Jacob Arbenz› US government
invades Low amount of
reforms› Violence and
instability
Cuba
Poor working and living conditions
US very involved Fulgencio Batista Fidel Castro - opposed
Batista Government› Socialist regime
Broke off relations with US depended on Soviet Union
1960: Industrialization failed
The Search for Reform and the Military Option
Latin America tended to spur revolutions economic and social themes unchanged
Political stability to promote economic growth
Church as guide› Liberation theology
combined Catholic theology and socialist principles
Soldiers Take Power
Latin American military more professional
1964- Brazilian military overthrows president
1973- Chilean military overthrows socialist government
New regime› President controlled by
military› Violent opposition in
Argentina dirty war Policies affected working
class the most
New Democratic Trends
1980s: Governments return to civilian politicians
Argentina› 1983 elections
Brazil› 1989 elected first
president since takeover Peru
› Sendero Luminoso Nicaragua
› Sandinista Party removed
New Democratic Trends Cont’d
Panama› US involvement
Guatemala› 1996 civilian
government Huge amount of debt Commerce in drugs Well established
despite this
The United States and Latin America:Continuing Presence
After WWI US emerges as strongest power
Intervene greatly in Latin America
People resisted presence› Augusto Sandino
Direct intervention banana republic
Foreign interventions nationalist reaction
Good Neighbor Policy
Continuing Presence Cont’d
Alliance for Progress 1970s: Friendlier
relations with Latin America
1980s: Back to intervention
Most aid went to military left workers unprotected
Societies in Search of Change
Social and gender relations slowly change in Latin America
Sought to give Indian populations the right to vote
Women’s Roles
After WWI women remained inferior
Given right to vote Feminist organizations
brought change Prejudices limited political
influence Large numbers entered
the labor force Active politically 1990s: women had a
position similar to Western Europe
The Movement of People
Populations increased dramatically
Immigration to Latin America and internal immigration
Governments supply laborers illegal immigration
Politics major reason for migration
Rural to Urban Rapid rate of growth
Cultural Reflections of Despair and Hope
Family, gender roles, business, and social interaction influence life
Culture thrives through crafts, images, and music
Powerful realist novels
“Magical realism”