CH 31: COLD WARDECOLONIZATION AND NATION BUILDING

1. Cold War- Views and Policies2. Events of the Cold War

1. Chinese Civil War2. Korean War3. Vietnam War4. Cuban Missile Crisis5. Middle East Conflict

POST WAR: US Emerges as the

richest most powerful nation on earth

Why do you think that is?

400,000 Americans were killed

None of the fighting was done on US soil

POST WAR: SOVIET UNION (USSR) 1 in 4 soviets was

wounded or killed in WW II

The USSR suffered 400 times more deaths than the United States

Many of the Soviet cities were demolished

With all this devastation, how do you think the Soviet Union is still able to be a superpower in the world?

POST WAR GOALS OF THE SUPER POWERSLIST THE GOALS YOU THINK EACH WOULD HAVE

1. Encourage democracy in other countries

2. Gain access to raw materials (remember Imperialism) in other countries

3. Rebuild European governments to create markets for American goods

4. Reunite Germany

1. Encourage communism in other countries

2. Rebuild It’s war ravaged economy using Eastern Europe's industrial equipment

3. Control Eastern Europe to protect the Soviet Union boarders

4. Keep Germany divided to prevent it from waging war again.

United States USSR

How might each countries goals create conflict??

SO NOW THAT THE WAR IS OVER AND THE ALLIES HAVE SPLIT UP GERMANY WHAT NEXT?

Develop the: United Nations June 1945 - 48 countries ally to

protect against aggressors “General Assembly”- peace keeping

group each who could cast a vote in decisions

“Security Council” 11 members had the power to investigate and settle disputes

The 5 permanent members-Britain, China, France, the USA , and the USSR.

Who do you think hold the most power?

UN: Based out ofNew York.

Why do you suppose that is?

TRUMAN DOCTRINE Truman would

support any country in Europe that rejected Communism

MARSHALL PLAN June 1947 US

secretary of state, George Marshall, proposed that the US give aid to any European country that needed it

THE BERLIN BLOCKADE/AIRLIFT 1948 US, GB, & France

withdraw troops- time to let Germany Unify

The Soviet Union held West Berlin hostage

RESPONSE TO RIVAL ALLIANCES: NATO

North Atlantic Treaty Organization

10 European countries the US and Canada

SOVIET RESPONSE TO NATO:WARSAW PACT Soviets formed

Alliance consisting of Poland, East Germany, Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Romania, Bulgaria, and Albania

NUCLEAR WEAPONS & COLD WAR US already had the

atomic bomb 1949 the USSR got the

atomic bomb What does this mean to

the US? November 1952 the US

H-Bomb Eisenhower, president in

1953 Brinkmanship (going to the edge of war)

The Arms Race begins

SPUTNIK October 4, 1957

the Soviets

First ICBM (intercontinental ballistic missiles)

Americans feel behind in science and math

OPEN SKIES POLICY Soviet Union rejects US flies secret

missions The U-2 incident

“HOT” events of the “COLD” WAR

CIVIL WAR IN CHINA War between the nationalists

and the communists in China Mao Zedong led the

communists in the north Chaing Kia – Shek led the

nationalists in the south 1942-45 the US sent the

nationalists $2.5 million

New Policies in communist China1958 Mao proclaimed the “Great Leap Forward”

–Communes ––Mao lost support targeted young people–“Red Guard”–“Cultural Revolution”

KOREAN WAR Korea was divided at the 38th

parallel June 25, 1950 President Truman consulted

the UN and 15 nations voted to protect S Korea

Led by Douglas Macarthur by 1953

Vietnam WarHo Chi Mihn –NorthNgo Dinh Diem – Placed in power--- south

communist guerrillas VEITCONGPresident Lyndon B Johnson escalatedPresident Nixon planned for the VIETNAMIZATION1.5 million Vietnamese died and 58,000 Americans

CUBA REVOLUTION!!

1950’s the US supported dictator Fulgenico Batista

A lawyer named Fidel Castro

We imposed an embargo on Cuba

CUBAN MISSILE CRISIS Soviet leader Nikita

Khrushchev built 42 missile sites in Cuba in July 1962.

President Kennedy imposed a quarantine

Khrushchev

MIDDLE EAST CONFLICT:SO WHO’S LAND IS IT?

Three major groups: Arabs-Muslims (Islam) culture/ethnicity

comes from ______________ Empire that controlled during___________

Have a stake in Middle East because___________

Jewish- Judaism Culture originated in ___________ which is why___________

Christians- Founder of the faith was________ who resided in_________

Who do you believe the land belongs to??

ARAB (PALESTINIAN)—ISRAELI (JEWISH) CONFLICT

British control of Palestine after WWI---.

After WWII (and Holocaust) International sympathy for the Jewish community—Palestine becomes Israel 1948

Arabs/Islamic/Palestinian displaced

U.N. AND THE MIDDLE EAST May 14, 1948- Jewish take

control of most of the Palestine

U.N. Sets aside land for the Palestinians but Jews take much of it!

Palestine is now Israel Conflict Breaks out!! Israel now depends on the

United States for SUPPORT!!

6 Day War—Israelis have the support of the US—each time there is conflict—taking in more territory

ARAB (PALESTINIAN)—ISRAELI (JEWISH) CONFLICT

Arab response to displacement:

PLO (Palestinian Liberation Organization) led by Yassir Arafat

6 Day War—Israelis have the support of the US—each time there is conflict—taking in more territory

PLO Terrorist group bring constant conflict 1978 PLO kills 8 Israeli the

Munich Olympians at games