Ch 28 America on the World Stage 1899-1909. Consequences of War US gets more respect in...
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Transcript of Ch 28 America on the World Stage 1899-1909. Consequences of War US gets more respect in...
Ch 28 America on the World Stage
1899-1909
Consequences of War
US gets more respect in international circles as world power.
Increases US Nationalism. Helps north and south closer
together; Mahan is vindicated; more
resources poured into Navy. US stuck with Philippines and
far-east entanglement Philippine Insurrection lasted
nearly three years and claimed 4000 American lives.
America as a Pacific America as a Pacific PowerPower
America as a Pacific America as a Pacific PowerPower
Little Brown Brothers” In The Philippines
Philippines became a US headache.
The Filipinos wanted a deal similar to Cubans
1899 the Filipino’s revolt War of atrocities on both sides. US loses more soldiers and
spends more money fighting against Filipinos than it had in the Span Am war
Filipino army is quickly defeated
Philippine Rebellion Becomes a Vietnam like
guerrilla jungle warfare, Vicious and difficult for
Americans to fight. Anti-imperialist in US
redouble their protests. War finally ends in 1901
when US captures Aguinaldo, but still sporadic guerilla terrorism.
1,500,000 Filipino casualties, disestablishment of the Catholic Church as the state religion, and the introduction of the English language.
Rebuilding Philippines
McKinley appoints a commission.
William Howard Taft. Millions of US dollars poured in
to Philippines to help build the country.
Roads, sanitation, education, public health
Philippines finally get their freedom in 1946 after WWII .
Thousands of Filipinos emigrate to the US.
China
Japan defeats China in 1895.
China weak but filled with huge markets and lush natural resources,
Imperialist powers in Europe and Japan want to exploit China.
begin to carve up into spheres of influence
lease-holds expropriated from China’s weakened government.
Americans become alarmed at what is going on.
Open Door Policy
Sec. of State, U.S. Secretary of State John Hay sent notes to the major powers (France, Germany, the United Kingdom, Italy, Japan, and Russia), asking them to declare formally that they would uphold Chinese territorial and administrative integrity and would not interfere with the free use of the treaty ports within their spheres of influence in China.
The open door policy stated that all European nations, and the United States, could trade with China.
Boxer Rebellion
In 1900 nationalists known as “boxers” rebelled with the mission to “kill foreign devils.”
Over two hundred missionaries and other whites killed
foreign diplomats were besieged in the capital
A multinational force of 18,000, including 2500 Americans sent to put down the rebellion.
Succeed quickly and relatively easily. US participation is a marked departure
from traditional policy of not becoming entangled in foreign disputes.
Election of 1900
McKinley is renominated easily. He is very popular. Why?
Won a war, Won territory for the US Reestablished the Gold Standard
on firm footing Ushered in economic prosperity.
Republican Platform? Gold Standard, expansionism and
prosperity. McKinley stays on the porch
KICKING TEDDY UPSTAIRS
Teddy Roosevelt a national hero and star.
Easily elected Governor of NY.
NY political machine hated him. He is headstrong - progressive
Scheme to nominate him as VP.
TR doesn’t want the job but got stuck with it.
Election of 1900
Dewey?? Democrats nominate Bryan again He still wants silver! Bryan strategy to make the
campaign one about Imperialism didn’t work well
“7 million Filipino Slaves” McKinley wins by nearly 1 Mill.
votes and 292-155 in the electoral vote.
Is this a mandate for Imperialism?
Election of 1900
TR: Brandisher Of The Big Stick
Six months into his second term, McKinley is assassinated by an anarchist
TR suddenly president to the horror of the conservative, eastern, moneyed arm of the party.
Roosevelt a reformer, but McKinley elected on the idea of standing pat.
TR Bio and Overview
History Channel on TR
Columbia Blocks The Canal
TR was an internationalist. He believed America needed to be engaged in overseas matters.
The Spanish-American War showed need for a canal somewhere in Central America.
Acquisition of Pacific territories. Trade to California and East Defense
TR determined to get Canal Built. Three Problems
Barriers to Building
Legal issues: Clayton-Bulwer Treaty, 1850 It bound both parties not to "obtain or maintain" any exclusive
control of the proposed canal. It guaranteed the neutralization of the canal. It stipulated that neither signatory would ever "occupy, or fortify, or colonize, or assume or exercise any dominion over Nicaragua, Costa Rica, the Mosquito Coast or any part of Central America," nor make use of any protectorate or alliance, present or future, to such ends.
Technological issues: French had failed in Panama building sea-level canal.
Mud slides, Yellow Fever. Liver damage, bleeding mouth, eyes,
black vomit Where to Build? Senate ultimately chose Panama
over Nicaragua
Columbia Balks
Panama is a province of Columbia.
America negotiates treaty with Columbian ambassador.
Treaty is very favorable to the US.
Columbian Senate rejects and demands more money.
TR furious.
Uncle Sam Creates Panama Panamanians revolted
Upset by the potential loss of the Canal
French agents of old Canal Company were also displeased.
French agents foment a rebellion and raises a token rebel force.
Panamanians “revolt” 11/3/1903 US warship prevents Columbia
from responding TR quickly recognizes new
Panamanian government and gets treaty for canal
Building the Canal
Canal started in 1904 and finished in 1914.
Huge engineering feat. . George Washington Goethals
Disease is as big a problem as engineering.
William C. Gorgas Canal costs 400 Mill. Canal a symbol of what Americans
could do with daring and use of technology.
Panama CanalPanama CanalPanama CanalPanama Canal
TR in Panama(Construction
begins in 1904)
TR in Panama(Construction
begins in 1904)
Roosevelt Corollary
European countries unhappy with many Latin American Nations
Germans attack Venezuela Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe
Doctrine. The corollary stated that not only were
the nations of the Western Hemisphere not open to colonization by European powers, but that the United States had the responsibility to preserve order and protect life and property in those countries.
1905, US invades Dominican Republic.
The Big Stick
Roosevelt On The World Stage
1904 War between Japan and Russia. Japan running out of men and money. Japan secretly approaches TR and
asks him to negotiate a peace treaty. He brings the parties to US and rams
through a treaty TR gets Nobel Peace Prize, but both
Japan and Russian grow hostile to the US.
Japan starts to emerge as a rival to US interests in the far east.
Constable of the WorldConstable of the WorldConstable of the WorldConstable of the World
Japanese Laborers In California
Many Japanese moved to California to farm in the lush valleys.—70,000
Californians were nervous about “Yellow Peril.”
SF Segregates the schools Japanese government protested.
TR got Japanese to secretly agree to limit emigration to US
School board rescinded their segregation policy.
Great White Fleet
TR sends the entire navy battle fleet on a tour of foreign ports, including Japan
Root-Takahira agreement of 1908. Affirmation of the independence and
territorial integrity of China (i.e. the "Open Door Policy" as proposed by John Hay), maintenance of free trade and equal commercial opportunities, Japanese recognition of the American annexation of the Kingdom of Hawaii and the Philippines and American recognition of Japan's position in northeast China.