Ch. 24 Tobacco Use:A High Risk

Behavior

Test Your Smoking IQ

Hypertension

What Happens When You Quit

Cancer video link

What Smoking Can Do for YOU!

• Read Ch. 24

• Cigarette smoking is the leading cause of avoidable death in the United States (400,000 deaths each year in the U.S.A.)

• Cigarettes are the most

widely used of all the

tobacco products.

• Fifty million Americans smoke

• Teens are the nations fastest growing group of smokers

Why young People Start Smoking

• 1 in 5 American teens smoke

• About one million young people start smoking every year.

• 6,ooo teens light up their first cigarette every day

• 3,ooo teens become regular smokers every day

• 9 in 10 adult smokers began smoking as teens

• The average smoker needs over 5000 cigarettes a year.

• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pMcfrLYDm2U

• Every day more than 1000 adults die prematurely as a result of an adolescent decision (USDHHS, 1996).

• Of those who begin smoking as teens, one third will eventually die from some smoking related cause.

One Pack a Day Smoker:

• 7300 cigarettes a year.

• $2920.00 @ $8.00 a pack a year.

So, why do teens start to smoke?

• feel insecure in social situations

• make them seem older

• more sophisticated

• peer pressure

• seem attractive

• advertising

• wrongly think bad effects occur only after many years of smoking

• Perhaps the greatest reason young people smoke is that they believe they can drop the habit at any time.

• Addiction- a physiological and psychological dependence on a substance or activity.

Physiological dependence

• Physiological dependence- The body develops a chemical need for a drug.

Psychological dependence

• Psychological dependence- a person believes a drug is needed in order to feel good or to function normally

Withdrawal

• Withdrawal- occurs when a person stops using a drug on which he or she is physiologically dependent

Symptoms of Withdrawal

• Symptoms of this process can include nervousness, insomnia, severe nausea, headaches, vomiting, chills, cramps, and, in some instances, even death

What is in Cigarettes?

• Tobacco smoke contains over 4,000 different chemicals.

• 25 to 43 chemicals known to cause cancer (carcinogens)

• cyanide, formaldehyde (same chemical used to preserve dead animals in biology class), arsenic

Carcinogens

• carcinogens- cancer causing

Nicotine

• addictive drug in cigarettes

• stimulant- a drug that increases the action of the central nervous system, the heart, and other organs

• raises blood pressure

• a deadly poison used as an insecticide

Tar

• Tar- a thick, sticky, dark fluid produced when tobacco burns

• Penetrates the smokers airways and lungs

• Paralyzes cilia- the hair like structures in the respiratory tract that help keep it clean.

• Destroys the cilia• Contains several

carcinogens

A Year’s Worth of Tar

This graphic, sealed exhibit, which contains a pack of cigarettes and cigarette butts submerged in gooey tar, represents the amount of carcinogenic liquid one-pack-a-day smokers put into their lungs in a year’s

time. 4 1/2" x 5 1/2" x 4".

Cilia

• Microscopic hairlike structures that keep the lungs clean by capturing dust and foreign matter.

How the lungs work

Low tar, low nicotine cigarette’s

• Encourage smoker to inhale more deeply

• Encourage smoker to smoke more cigarettes

Carbon Monoxide

• Carbon monoxide- a colorless, odorless, poisonous gas in cigarette smoke that passes through the lungs into the blood

Carboxyhemoglobin*• Carboxyhemoglobin- when

carbon monoxide combines with hemoglobin in the red blood cells. This combination does not allow oxygen to combine with the hemoglobin, robbing the body and it’s cells of oxygen needed for energy

Carboxyhemoglobin

Hot off of ESPN news May 1, 2009

Quote from Brett Favre:

• “Don’t cry Brooke!!!!!!”

Smokeless Tobacco

• Tobacco that is sniffed through the nose or chewed.

• Chewing tobacco- more coarse type of tobacco

• Snuff- more finely ground tobacco that is chewed

• Smokeless tobacco carries many of the same health risks as smoking cigarettes.

• And More!

• Damage to teeth and gums• Damage to the digestive

system when smokeless tobacco user swallow tars and nicotine

• Tobacco juices also contain chemicals that may delay healing of wounds

• Smokeless tobacco users secrete more saliva

• Oral cancer strikes about 30,000 Americans annually. 50% survival rate after five years

Leukoplakia

• Mouth sores that can turn into cancer of the lip, mouth or throat-Leukoplakia

• Leukoplakia- thickened, white, leathery appearing spots on the inside of the smokeless tobacco users mouth that can develop into cancer of the mouth

Leukoplakia

Vocal Cords

Other Forms of Tobacco

• Pipe and cigar smoking presents major health risks similar to cigarette use.

• More likely to develop cancers of the lip, mouth and throat because more tar and other chemicals are generated by pipes and cigars.

• Cigar smokers are 34% more likely to die from some form of cancer than nonsmokers and four to ten times more likely than are nonsmokers to die of cancer of the throat, mouth, or larynx.

Specialty Cigarettes

• Cigarettes that are prepared with tobacco and other ingredients.

• Often made with strong tobacco and contain spices that make them taste and smell sweet.

• Specialty cigarettes contain more cancer-causing tars than standard cigarettes

• Clove cigarettes have been linked to lung problems and possible death and may have as much as two times the tar and nicotine as regular cigarettes

Lesson 2

What Tobacco Does to the Body

• Cigarettes impair the health of the smoker in two ways:

• Through short-term effects that occur immediately after the smoker lights up and long term effects that occur as the smoking continues

• Some of the deadliest problems are those affecting the respiratory and circulatory systems.

Diseases of the Respiratory System

Chronic Bronchitis-

• Chronic Bronchitis- is a condition in which the bronchi are irritated which results in chronic coughing and excessive mucus secretion

Emphysema• is a condition that involves

the destruction on the tiny air sacs, called alveoli, in the lungs through which oxygen is absorbed into the body. As the walls between the sacs are destroyed, they lose their elasticity and provide less total surface from which oxygen can be absorbed

Lung Cancer

• Lung Cancer is the uncontrolled abnormal growth of cells.

• Is the leading cause of cancer deaths among males in the U.S.

• Lung cancer link

• Ex-smokers gradually reduce their risk of dying from lung cancer. Fifteen years after quitting their risk of dying from lung cancer is almost the same as that of someone of the same age who has never smoked.

One pack a day smoker:

• A male smoker will die about 3 years earlier than a non-smoker.

• A female smoker will die about 10 years earlier than a non-smoker.

* 87% of all lung cancer in the US is of cigarette smokers.

* There are more lung cancer victims who are second hand smokers.

• Lung link

Cancer of the Larynx

Diseases of the Circulatory System

• Makes the heart work harder

• Speeds up the pulse

• Constricts the blood vessels which cuts down on circulation or blood flow to the limbs

Nicotine

• Nicotine contributes to plaque buildup in the blood vessels, arteriosclerosis.

• Increases the risk of heart attack.

• Raises blood pressure.• Increases the risk of

stroke

• If Americans stopped smoking deaths from heart disease could be cut by almost a third

• Increases LDL Cholesterol.

(The bad cholesterol.)

Effects of Smoke on the Nonsmoker

Passive smoke-

• Passive smoke- is cigarette, cigar, or pipe smoke inhaled by nonsmokers as well as smoke that remains in a closed environment after the smoker is through smoking

• Passive smoke includes mainstream smoke and sidestream smoke.

Mainstream Smoke

• Mainstream Smoke- is the smoke that a smoker blows off into the air.

Sidestream Smoke-

• Sidestream Smoke- is the smoke that comes from the burning of tobacco.

• At least 3,000 people die annually from lung cancer because of exposure to others’ smoke.

• Lengthy exposure to sidestream smoke can, in fact, result in the same kinds of life-threatening health problems that the smoker may experience.

• An hour of secondhand smoke can cause the same body aging as smoking up to four cigarettes.

"US News and World Report 2008"

Smoking During and

After Pregnancy

• Parents who smoke contribute to the deaths of at least 6,200 children in this country every year.

• Read the rest of Ch. 24

How Smoking Effects a Baby

• Low birth weights

• Respiratory infections

• Small fetal growth

• Increased chance of spontaneous abortion

• Prenatal death• Increased chance of stillbirths• May adversely affect the

intellectual development (even after birth)

• May cause behavioral characteristics.

• Nicotine and other chemicals pass through placenta. Nicotine constricts the blood vessels of the fetus in the uterus.

• Nicotine and many other chemicals can pass from mother to infant through breast feeding.

Rights of the Nonsmoker• You have a right to express your

preference that people not smoke around you.

• Ask for a non-smokingarea at restaurants

• Move to smoke free areas

• Be polite.

Quiz Tomorrow Lessons 1&2

QUIZ TOMORROW

Ch.24 Lessons 1&2

Techniques for Quitting Smoking

• Using a series of filters over several weeks, each filter reduces the tar and nicotine levels

• Use nicotine substitutes- manufactured forms of nicotine that deliver small amounts of the drug into the user’s system. Gum (OTC), patch & Nasal spray (prescription)

Benefits of Quitting

• Stroke chances decreases

• Heart disease chances decrease

• Breathe easier

• Immediate

• Long Term health

• Physical fitness increases

• Endurance increases

• Smoke smell decreases

• Yellow teeth and fingers goes away

Tips for Quitting

Tips for Quitting

• Observe how much you smoke• When and where you smoke

• What triggers your desire to smoke

• Set a specific date for when you will quit and stick to the date

• Set short term goals

• Decide on an approach or combination of approaches to stop

• Get your environment ready

• Set up a support system

SUCCESS RATES FORDIFFERENT SMOKING CESSATION METHODS

*60% - Single session Hypnosis*24% - Acupuncture*10% - Nicotine Replacement

Therapy*6% - Willpower alone • Source: New Scientist, vol 136, issue 1845,  Oct

31st 92

•Gangrene

from   smoking

•A multiple amputee with Buerger's disease who's worked out a way to keep smoking

•Frances Downes who lost fingersas a result of the same problem

• What happens when you quit smoking.

Lung cancer is one of the largest killers in the Western world. The risk of developing lung cancer is increased 10-40 times if you smoke.

TheEnd

Test Your Smoking IQ

Hypertension

What Happens When You Quit

Cancer video link

What Smoking Can Do for YOU!

TEST Tomorrow Ch. 24

Test Your Smoking IQ

1. Smoking causes 40% of all cases of bladder and kidney cancer.

True

False

1. Smoking causes 40% of all cases of bladder and kidney cancer.

True

2. Nicotine is as addictive as heroine.

True

False

2. Nicotine is as addictive as heroine.

True

3. As many as ½ of all long-term smokers will die of causes related to tobacco.

True

False

3. As many as ½ of all long-term smokers will die of causes related to tobacco.

True

4. Smoking causes lower levels of HDL. (“good Cholesterol)

True

False

4. Smoking causes lower levels of HDL. (“good Cholesterol)

True

5. Constant exposure to tobacco smoke prematurely wrinkles facial skin and yellows teeth and fingernails.

True

False

5. Constant exposure to tobacco smoke prematurely wrinkles facial skin and yellows teeth and fingernails.

True

6. Smoking doubles the risk of having a stroke.

True

False

6. Smoking doubles the risk of having a stroke.

True

7. Smoking decreases the body’s absorption of insulin.

True

False

7. Smoking decreases the body’s absorption of insulin.

True

8. Smoking is a major risk factor in recovery from back pain.

True

False

8. Smoking is a major risk factor in recovery from back pain.

True

9. Smokers need higher dosages of certain drugs than nonsmokers.

True

False

9. Smokers need higher dosages of certain drugs than nonsmokers.

True

10. Women smokers are 75% more likely to develop breast cancer than women who do not smoke.

True

False

10. Women smokers are 75% more likely to develop breast cancer than women who do not smoke.

True

11. Smokers are about 4 times more likely to develop cardiovascular disease than nonsmokers.

True

False

11. Smokers are about 4 times more likely to develop cardiovascular disease than nonsmokers.

True

12. Women smokers tend to have menopause 5 to 10 years earlier than expected.

True

False

12. Women smokers tend to have menopause 5 to 10 years earlier than expected.

True

13. Smokers have a greater risk of complications from surgery and anesthesia.

True

False

13. Smokers have a greater risk of complications from surgery and anesthesia.

True

14. Women who smoke are 4 times more likely to develop cancer of the cervix than are nonsmoking women.

True

False

14. Women who smoke are 4 times more likely to develop cancer of the cervix than are nonsmoking women.

True

15. Close to 85% of all deaths from emphysema are caused by smoking.

True

False

15. Close to 85% of all deaths from emphysema are caused by smoking.

True

16. Smoking doubles the risk of cancer of the stomach and duodenum.

True

False

16. Smoking doubles the risk of cancer of the stomach and duodenum.

True

17. Tobacco use is the leading preventable cause of death in the United States.

True

False

17. Tobacco use is the leading preventable cause of death in the United States.

True

18. Men who smoke increase their risk of death from lung cancer by more than 22 times.

True

False

18. Men who smoke increase their risk of death from lung cancer by more than 22 times.

True

19. Secondhand smoke (or environmental tobacco smoke) causes at least 35,000 deaths a year to nonsmokers.

True

False

19. Secondhand smoke (or environmental tobacco smoke) causes at least 35,000 deaths a year to nonsmokers.

True

20. Cigarettes cause more deaths than AIDS, illegal drugs, car crashes, homicides, and suicides combined.

True

False

20. Cigarettes cause more deaths than AIDS, illegal drugs, car crashes, homicides, and suicides combined.

True

21. Smoking even a few cigarettes a day can hurt your health.

True

False

21. Smoking even a few cigarettes a day can hurt your health.

True

22. Smoking “low-tar, low-nicotine” cigarettes usually does little good for a smoker.

True

False

22. Smoking “low-tar, low-nicotine” cigarettes usually does little good for a smoker.

True

The End

Hypertension

1. Hypertension is High Blood Pressure.

• True- High Blood Pressure

2. High blood pressure cannot be cured.

• True- But it can be controlled in most cases.

3. High blood pressure is not life threatening.

• False- Hypertension in a major contributing factor to heart disease, stroke and kidney disease.

4. Diet does not effect blood pressure.

• False- Diet can be used to help control hypertension by controlling over weight or salt intake.

5. Hypertension may have no obvious signs and symptoms.

• True- hypertension is called the silent killer because there are no obvious signs like pain, discomfort, temperature, etc.

• 90% are asymptomatic.

6. 160/80 is a normal blood pressure for someone your age.

• False- That would be an extremely high blood pressure. Below 120/80 would be considered normal for your age.

• Below 120/80 is what is considered normal blood pressure for someone your age.

7. Hypertension can be hereditary.

• True- If you have hypertension in your family, it could mean you are more susceptible.

8. Learning relaxation techniques to reduce stress can

prevent hypertension.

• True- Learning to relax can reduce your blood pressure.

9. Excess use of salt can reduce my blood pressure.

• False- Excess use of salt can increase blood pressure.

10. High blood pressure can lead to heart attacks, strokes

and kidney disease.• True

11. Being overweight can increase my blood pressure.

• True- being overweight can increase your blood pressure but being overweight does not cause hypertension.

12. High blood pressure can only occur in old age.

• False- hypertension can occur at any age.

13. Smoking increases the risk of high blood pressure.

• True- Nicotine constricts the blood vessels and increases hypertension.

14. Changes in diet, exercise, rest and relaxation are ways to reduce

hypertension.• True- All can help reduce

blood pressure.

15. Blood pressure is the measurement of the force of pressure in the blood vessels during the heart’s contraction

and rest.• True

16. A person with normal blood pressure may experience elevated

blood pressure under certain conditions.

• True- Exercise, stress, illness, excitement may all raise blood pressure momentarily.

17. Taking your blood pressure

requires a blood sample.

• False- taking your blood pressure is quick and painless.

18. Hypertension goes up naturally with age.

• True- the older your get, normally the higher your blood pressure will go. Within limits.

19. Your blood

pressure is measured

with a

• Machine called a Sphygmomanometer

20. The top number in your blood pressure is called…

• Systolic pressure

21. The bottom number in your blood pressure is called…

• Diastolic pressure

22. A person with normal blood pressure should have it read

how often?• Once a year

23. List three ways to reduce high blood pressure.

• Lower cholesterol• Stop smoking• Loss weight if overweight• Reduce stress• Exercise regularly• Reduce use of alcohol.

Factors you cannot control in regards to hypertension are…

• Age• Race• Heredity• Sex• Diabetes

Uncontrolled hypertension affects all organ systems and can shorten life by 10 to 20 years.

1714

The End

The End

What Smoking Can Do for YOU!

Information Source for this PPT is from: www.smokingkids.com

Each cigarette smoked shortens the smoker’s life by seven minutes.

Cigarette smoking kills more Americans than alcohol, car

accidents, suicide, AIDS, homicides, and illegal drugs

combined.

Every day, 6,000 teens try their first cigarette and half become regular,

daily smokers.

Ninety percent of all lung cancer is caused by

smoking.

It takes only one cigarette for the body to experience health

consequences.

One in five deaths is caused by tobacco. That is 1,200 deaths per

day, or 440,000 per year.

More than 50,000 people a year die from secondhand smoke exposure.

Cigarette smoking is the leading cause of fatal fires.

Cigarette smoke contains more than 4,000 substances.

Secondhand smoke contains more than 60 cancer-causing agents.

Each year, about 3,000 nonsmokers die from lung cancer caused by secondhand smoke.

More than 50,000 people a year die from secondhand smoke exposure.

Cigarette butts are the most littered item worldwide.

Every year, 4.3 trillion cigarette butts are littered worldwide.

One-third of all smokers have their first cigarette by age 14.

Ninety percent of all smokers start smoking before age 21.

Every day, 4,000 teens try their first cigarette and another 2,000

become regular, daily smokers.

Tobacco use by youth often leads to alcohol, marijuana, and other

drug use.

Nicotine is as addictive as heroin or cocaine.

Each year, 35 million tobacco users make a serious attempt to quit.

Ninety percent of tobacco users who try to quit without seeking

treatment go back to using tobacco within a week.

In the United States, the average smoker spends nearly $1,600 per

year on cigarettes.

The End