Ch. 23-3“Napoleon Forges an Empire”

Napoleon Seizes Power

Early Life- Born in Corsica Attends military

school Joins the army

Hero of the Hour In 1795, Napoleon

defeats royalist rebels attacking the National Convention

Napoleon wins stunning victories in Italy, gains popularity

News of his defeats in Egypt is suppressed

Coup d'état “blow to the state”

November 1799, Napoleon carries out coup d'état-seizure of power

Napoleon defeats British, Russians, Austrians who join forces against him

Europe at peace in 1802Allows Napoleon to gain power in

France

Napoleon Rules FranceA Vote of Approval

New constitution is approved through plebiscite-vote of the people

Restoring Order at HomeTo fix economy, he sets up a national

banking system, efficient tax collectionEstablishes lycees-government run public

schools to train officialsSigns concordant-agreement with Pope

restoring Catholicism in FranceCreates Napoleonic Code-uniform system of

laws

Napoleon Established the Banque de France, 1800

Lycee System of Education

Established by Napoleon in 1801 as an educational reform. Lycées initially enrolled the nation’s most talented students

[they had to pay tuition, although there was some financial help available for poorer student].

Lycées trained the nation’s future bureaucrats.

Concordat of 1801 Napoleon wanted to heal

the divisions within the Catholic Church that had

developed after the confiscation of Church property and the Civil

Constitution of the Clergy.

But, Napoleon’s clear intent was to use the clergy to prop up his

regime.

Concordat of 1801

a Catholicism was declared the religion of the majority of Frenchmen.

a Papal acceptance of church lands lost during the Revolution.

a Bishops subservient to the regime.a Eventually, Pope Pius VII renounced

the Concordat, and Napoleon had him brought to France and placed under

house arrest.

Code Napoleon, 1804

a It divides civil law into: Personal status.

Property. The acquisition of

property.

a Its purpose was to reform the French legal code to reflect

the principles of the Fr. Revolution.

a Create one law code for France.

Napoleon and His Code

The Influence of the Napoleonic Code

Wherever it was implemented [in the conquered territories], the Code Napoleon swept away feudal

property relations.

Napoleon Crowned as Emperor In December, 1804

Napoleon crowns himself emperor of France

Took the crown from the pope, putting it on his own head

Symbolizes he is more powerful than the Church

“Consecration of the Emperor Napoleon & the Empress Josephine,” 1806 by David

Napoleon’s Throne

Napoleon’s Bed Chamber

Napoleon Creates an Empire

Loss of American TerritoriesIn 1801

Napoleon attempts to retake colony of Saint Domingue (Haiti) but fails

Gives up on the Americas and focuses on Europe

Haitian Independence, 1792-1804

Toussaint L’Ouverture

Sells the Louisiana Territory to the United States for $15 million in 1803He would gain money to

finance European venturesAnother way to prevent Britain

having power

Louisiana Purchase, 1803

$15,000,000

Conquering Europe

Britain, Russia, Austria, Sweden join forces against Napoleon

Napoleon crushes enemy forces in several brilliant battles

Napoleon forces Russia, Austria, Sweden to sign peace treaties

Napoleonic Europe

The Battle of Trafalgar

In 1805 the British win the Battle of Trafalgar-ensures British naval superiority

This defeat forces Napoleon to give up plan of invading Britain

Looks for another way to control Britain

Napoleon’s Major Military Campaigns

Trafalgar (Lord Nelson: Fr. Navy lost!)

BritainFrance 1805: SeaPower

Napoleon controls Europe except for Britain, Portugal, Sweden, Ottomans

French Empire reaches its largest extent from 1807-1812

• Has puppet rulers in some countries, alliances with others