Ch. 21 Shoulder
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Transcript of Ch. 21 Shoulder
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Ch. 21 Shoulder
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Objectives• Name the three articulations that constitute the
shoulder girdle complex. • Describe how stability of the shoulder is
maintained. • Recite the names of the four muscles that come
together to form the rotator cuff. • Explain the anatomy of the shoulder complex.• Identify major injuries and conditions of the
shoulder.
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Anatomy• Ball and socket joint• most mobile joint in
the body• Humerus• Clavicle- collar bone• Scapula- shoulder
bladeo Acromion processo Coracoid process
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Joints and Movements• Glenohumeral Joint-
the actual shoulder joint
• Acromioclavicular Joint• Sternoclavicular Joint• Scapulothoracic Joint
• Flexion• Extension• Abduction• Adduction• Internal Rotation• External Roation• Elevation/Depression• Protraction/Retraction
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Shoulder Flexion• Pectoralis Major • Coracobrachialis• Biceps brachii• Brachialis• anterior fibers of
deltoid
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Shoulder Extension• latissimus dorsi • teres major• long head of triceps• posterior fibers of the
deltoid
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Shoulder Abduction• True abduction:
supraspinatus (first 15 degrees), deltoid
• Upward rotation: trapezius, serratus anterior
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Shoulder Adduction• Downward rotation:
pectoralis minor, pectoralis major, latissimus dorsi
• True Adduction: same as downward rotation with addition of teres major and the lowest fibers of the deltoid
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Internal Rotation• Subscapularis• Latissimus dorsi• Teres major• Pectoralis major• Anterior fibers of
deltoid
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External Rotation• Infraspinatus • Teres minor• Posterior fibers of
deltoid
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Elevation/Depression• Elevation
o levator scapulaeo the upper fibers of the
trapezius
• Depressiono pectoralis minoro lower fibers of the trapeziuso subclaviuso latissimus dorsi
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Protraction/Retraction• Protraction
o serratus anterioro pectoralis minor and major
• Retractiono rhomboid major and minor o trapezius
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Rotator Cuff • Supraspinatus• Infraspinatus• Teres Minor• Subscapularis
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Muscle Force Couple• Two equal forces acting in opposite directions to
rotate a part around its axis• During shoulder abduction, the rotator cuff is
pulling down on the humeral head while the deltoid is lifting the arm.
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Muscle Weakness• Most athletes have
strong anterior shoulder muscles but weak posterior shoulder muscles
• This imbalance causes forward shoulder and other shoulder injuries