Ch. 20 The Americans

Voter restlessness; an economic recession, Kennedy’s poise during the TV debate; Kennedy’s frankness about the religion issue; coming to the aid of Martin Luther King Jr.; his good looks and charisma; his well-organized campaign; the Kennedy’s family wealth

Invaders killed or jailed; Kennedy embarrassed; a public relations triumph for Castro; ransom paid for release of invaders

The Berlin Wall built; the flow of refugees reduced

Khrushchev's prestige damaged; Kennedy criticized; Cuban exiles switched allegiance from the Democratic party to the G.O.P.; Castro banned flights between Cuba and Miami

To enable U.S. and Soviet leader to communicate at once should another crisis arise.

Ban the explosion of nuclear devices in the atmosphere

Flexible response

Increased spending; engaged in deficit spending; lower taxes

Congress increased defense spending, increased the minimum wage, extended unemployment insurance, provided assistance to cities with high unemployment Offered volunteer, economic,

and technical assistance to developing nations

The Peace Corps, the Alliance for Progress, some economic progress in developing nations

Set the goal of landing on the moon before the end of the ’60’s, increased spending on the space program

U. S. astronauts orbited the Earth an finally landed on the moon, science programs expanded; new industries,; new technological development; the rapid growth of Southern and Western states

Medical care for the aged; rebuilding of blighted urban areas; federal aid for education

A “national assault on poverty”; an investigation of racial injustice in the South; a national civil rights bill, a tax cut

Economic growth; an increase in consumer spending; business investment and tax revenues; a reduction in federal budget deficit

Prohibited discrimination based on race, religion, national origin, and gender; granted federal government new powers of enforcementFunded youth programs, antipoverty measures, and small business loans, and job training; created the Job Corps, the VISTA volunteer program, Project Head Start, and the Community Action Program Provided federal aid to help public and parochial schools to

purchase textbooks, and new library materials, and to offer special education classes

Provided hospital and low-cost medical insurance to most Americans age 65 and over

Extended health care insurance to welfare recipients

Replaced the National Origins system with a new immigration quota system that allowed more non-European immigrants to settle in the U.S.

Ruled that school segregation is unconstitutional

Established the principal of “one person, one vote”; asserted that federal courts had the right to tell states to reapportion districts for more equal representation

Ruled that evidence seized illegally could not be used in state courts – “the exclusionary rule”

Required criminal courts to provide legal counsel to those who could not afford it.

Ruled that an accused person has the right to have a lawyer present during questioning

Ruled that all suspects must be ”read their rights” before questioning: established the Miranda rights .