Ch. 20, Section 1 “A New Wave of Immigration”
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Transcript of Ch. 20, Section 1 “A New Wave of Immigration”
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Ch. 20, Section 1 “A New Wave of Immigration”
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Old Immigrants• Old immigrants – name
that was used in the late 1800s for immigrants who arrived in the mid-1800s
• They were from Northern Europe (Great Britain, Germany, Ireland, Scandinavia)
• They were mostly Protestant
• Many were skilled laborers and many were able to buy their own farms
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New Immigrants• New immigrants – they were
part of a new wave of immigrants in the 1880s that were mostly from southern and eastern Europe
• There were fewer skilled laborers and they were generally poorer than those who arrived earlier
• They brought new cultures and religions to the U.S.
• Most found work in cities in the new industries of the time period
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Arriving in a New Land
• Immigrants faced a difficult journey to America
• Tickets were cheap, but they were crowded on ships and sickness and disease was common
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Ellis Island• Ellis Island was an
immigrant processing center in New York Harbor
• It opened in 1892 and processed millions of immigrants from Europe over the next 40 years
• These processing centers interviewed and examined immigrants and turned away those with diseases or with legal problems (#3)
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Other Immigration Centers
• Angel Island – a West Coast immigrant processing center in San Francisco Bay
• It opened in 1910 and processed mostly Chinese immigrants
• These immigrants were detained longer than those at Ellis Island and more were sent back to where they were from
• Mexican immigrants came in large numbers in the late 1800s and came through El Paso, Texas (#5)
• Mexican immigrants found work in construction, in mills, in mines, and on large farms
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Adjusting to a New Life
• Immigrants after arrival had to find homes and work and had to adjust to a new language and a new culture (#1)
• Chain migration – when immigrants moved into new neighborhoods with others from their old country so they could keep their language and culture after they arrived (Immigrant Neighborhoods #1)
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Immigrant Neighborhoods• New immigrants published
newspapers in their own neighborhoods and founded schools, clubs, and churches to help preserve their customs (#2)
• Immigrants opened local shops and small banks that often gave credit to new arrivals to help them as they started out (#3)
• Benevolent societies – aid organizations that offered immigrants help in cases of sickness, unemployment, or death (which wasn’t provided by govt. at the time)
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Tenements• tenements – poorly built
over-crowded apartment buildings in cities which many immigrants lived in during the late 1800s
• Immigrants worked hard to adjust to their new country and their children learned more quickly as they attended public schools (#6)
• assimilation – process of immigrants adjusting to their new country and adopting the new country’s culture
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Finding Work• Most immigrants had been farmers,
but in the US most couldn’t afford land so they got jobs in cities in manufacturing (#1)
• Few of the new immigrants had skills in industrial work and took low-paying, unskilled jobs with long hours (#2)
• Sweatshops – small shops or mills located in immigrant neighborhoods know for long hours for workers and hot, unhealthy working conditions in the late 1800s
• Some immigrants with skills and those with a little money to start small businesses became more successful than other immigrants (#4)
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Opposition to Immigration• Some Americans welcomed new
immigrants, particularly business people whose businesses profited from using lower paid immigrant workers (#1A)
• Anti-immigrant feelings rose in the late 1800s as people believed immigrants would take jobs away from native-born Americans (#1B)
• Nativists – Americans who held prejudices against other races and ethnic groups, who feared that too many immigrants were coming to the US and would destroy American culture
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Opposition to Immigration(continued)
• Chinese Exclusion Act – 1882 law that banned Chinese people from immigrating to the US for 10 years (which was renewed for decades afterwards)
• Despite opposition, immigrants came in large numbers and helped power the industrial growth of the late 1800s and early 1900s