Ch. 2, Section 3—Spain in America Main Idea In the sixteenth century, Spain established and...
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![Page 1: Ch. 2, Section 3—Spain in America Main Idea In the sixteenth century, Spain established and governed a vast empire in the Americas. Key Terms Conquistadortribute.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022072014/56649e865503460f94b89668/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Ch. 2, Section 3—Spain in America
Main Idea
In the sixteenth century, Spain established and governed a vast empire in the Americas.
Key Terms
Conquistador tribute
Pueblo mission
Presidio encomienda
Plantation
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Spanish Conquistadors
• ______________--explorers who settled in the Americas. They often received land grants from Spanish rulers in exchange for 1/5 of gold or treasure taken.
• Hernan Cortes landed on the east
coast of Mexico in _____, looking
for _____ and _____.• Came to Tenochtitlan w/500
soldiers, some horses, and cannons.• Aztecs conquered many cities.
– Cities were forced to give crops,
clothing, gold, and precious stones
to Aztec as ________.
Tribute--_______________________________________.
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Hernan Cortes
• Formed alliances w/nearby cities.
• Cortes marched into Tenochtitlan, took advantage of the Aztec’s hospitality and then took __________ prisoner!
• Attacked capital in 1520, but was unsuccessful.
• Montezuma was hit by stones during fighting and later died.
• ______—Cortes conquered the Aztec empire.
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Francisco Pizarro• Francisco Pizarro sailed down Pacific
coast of South America w/180 soldiers.
• Heard tales of very wealthy _____ Empire in Peru.
• _____--Pizarro captured Inca ruler, Atahualpa and destroyed much of the Incan army.
• 1533—Spanish falsely accused Atahualpa of crimes and ________ him.
• Inca were used to following commands from a leader. – No leader = ineffective fighting.– Ineffective fighting = loss of _______
Empire to the Spanish.
Francisco Pizarro
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Why Spain SucceededHow could only a few hundred Spanish soldiers conquer
such mighty empires?
1. They arrived w/strange weapons—guns and ________--and fearsome animals (rode horses and had huge, ferocious _____). To the Native Americans, the Spanish seemed like ______.
2. Many Native Americans hated their ______ overlords and assisted in taking them over.
3. ________—played an extremely large role. Native Americans had no immunity to European diseases. Brought diseases on accident. However, ________ and other diseases wiped out entire communities
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Spain in North America• Mexico and Peru were rich in gold and silver.• To try and find more riches, conquistadors decided to
explore southeastern and southwestern parts of North America.
• ______________--made the first Spanish landing on the mainland of North America in 1519 (east coast of ________).– He was looking for gold and the “________________”.– His explorations led to first Spanish settlement in the U.S. It was
called ___________________ (established in 1565).
• Many conquistadors searched for riches and lost their life trying because of stormy weather, lack of supplies, and illness.
• Searched for the “Seven Cities of _________”.
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Seven Cities of Cibola• Alvar Nunez Cabeza de Vaca—part of a Spanish
expedition to Florida in 1528. • 3 of the 5 ships were lost in a storm, the other two were
shipwrecked in present-day _______.• 1533—Cabeza de Vaca and other Spaniards set off on foot
on a 1,000 mile journey across the Southwest, arriving in Mexico three years later.
• Cabeza de Vaca told tales he had heard about seven cities with walls of emeralds and streets of ______.
• Stories inspired others like Hernando de Soto and Francisco Vasquez de Coronado.
• As they traveled, they took advantage of the native peoples.
• Normal method was to take the chief hostage and demand __________________.
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Hernando de Soto & Coronado• Led an expedition to Florida and lands
to the west.• For 3 years, he and his troops searched
southeastern U.S. for gold. • Crossed the ____________ River in 1541.• Traveled as far west as _____________.• He died of fever and was buried in the Mississippi.
• ____________ led expedition to areas of northern
Mexico, Arizona, and New Mexico.• Came to a town belonging to the _______ people.• Finally realized there was no gold and traveled
west to Colorado River and east into ________.• Found nothing but “windswept plains” and
“____________” (buffalo).
Hernando de Soto
Francisco Vasquez de Coronado
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Coronado Expedition
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Spanish Rule• Spanish established 3 kinds of settlements in the Americas:
1. ________ (towns)—established as centers of trade.
2. ________--these were religious communities.
3. ________--also known as a fort. These were built near missions.
Social Classes• Established system of hierarchal social classes from upper
to lower—these included:1. __________--they owned land, ran local govt., and served in the
Catholic Church.
2. ________--people born in the Americas to Spanish parents.
3. ________--people with both Spanish and Native American parents.
4. Native Americans.
5. Enslaved Africans.
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Social Classes—cont.
• 1500’s—Spanish govt. granted conquistadors an __________, which was the right to demand taxes or labor from Native Americans living on the land.– This system turned them into slaves.– Many N.A. died from malnutrition and ________.
• Spanish priest: Bartolome de Las Casas condemned ______ treatment of the Native Americans. – Pleaded for laws to be passed to protect them.– Because of his reports, in 1542, Spain passed the __________,
that forbade enslaving Native Americans.
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Plantation System• Spanish settlers made large profits by exporting crops
and other materials back to Spain.• Main exports from West Indies were: tobacco and
__________.• Developed a plantation system, which was a large
estate used for raising crops.• Spanish used Native Americans again—Las Casas
suggested they use enslaved ________.– Thought they could stand labor better than Native Americans.– By mid-1500’s, Spanish brought thousands from West Africa to
the ________. – Portuguese did the same in Brazil.
• By late 1500’s, ________ was essential part of the economy of the colonies.