Ch. 2, Sect. 4—Exploring North America Main Idea Rivalries between countries, the search for a...
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Transcript of Ch. 2, Sect. 4—Exploring North America Main Idea Rivalries between countries, the search for a...
Ch. 2, Sect. 4—Exploring North America
Main IdeaRivalries between countries, the search for a Northwest Passage to Asia, and early trading activities led to increased exploration of North America.
VocabularyMercantilism Columbian Exchange
Northwest Passage Coureur de bois
A Divided Church• __________ brought about changes
in Europe in the 1500’s.• Opposed Catholicism and had many
followers.– Declared only the ______ was the true
guide for Christians.– Rejected many church practices
because they were not mentioned in the Bible.
– They broke away and began their own __________ churches.
• His protests were the start of the religious movement known as the __________________. Protestant Reformation leader
Martin Luther.
Protestantism Spreads in Europe• French religious thinker, ___________, also
broke away from the Catholic Church.
• Rejected the idea that good deeds would ensure a person’s salvation.
• He believed God had already chosen those who would be _______.
• King Henry VIII, also left Catholic Church, for ________ reasons.
• Pope Clement VII would not declare Henry’s first marriage invalid.
• 1534—English Parliament denied authority of the Pope and recognized the king as the head of the Church of ________.
• When Europeans settled in the Americas, they brought with them their religious beliefs of either __________ or __________.
John Calvin
Economic Rivalry• Religion was only one factor in crossing the Atlantic.• Promise of great wealth was equally strong.
– Europeans watched ______ get riches from its colonies.– Colonies provided resources and a market to sell ________
products.
• Economic theory of __________ evolved. • Mercantilism--________________________________.• Rulers tried to increase their nation’s wealth by acquiring
gold and silver and developing ______.• Rivalries between _______ started to emerge to see
who could produce the most wealth by acquiring colonies that could provide valuable resources or raw materials.
• Led to the “Columbian Exchange”.
Columbian Exchange• Columbus’s voyages marked the beginning.• ____________ was a two-way exchange between the
Americas (__________) and Europe, Asia, or Africa (__________).
• Exchange included 3 main things:1. Plants
2. Animals
3. Diseases
• New World to Old World:
crops, food, disease• Old World to New World:
colonists, animals, plants, disease, ________ people.
Northwest Passage
• Treaty of Tordesillas divided Americas between Spain and ________.
• Did not allow claims by other nations, so England, France, and the Netherlands ignored the treaty.
• The 3 countries hoped to find a route through ____________ to get to Asia.– This became known as the _______________.– Going around Africa or South America was too long and difficult.
Northwest Passage Explorers• 1497—England sent
__________. – He landed on the coast of
Newfoundland.– England used his voyage as the
basis for their claims on North America.
• 1524—France hired Giovanni da Verrazano to look for a northern sea route.– Explored coast of North
America, from Nova Scotia to the __________.
John Cabot
Giovanni da Verrazano
Northwest Passage Explorers• 1535—French explorer,
_______________ sailed up the St. Lawrence River, thinking it would lead to the Pacific.
• Instead, he saw a large mountain close to a village and named it Mont-Royal (________).
• Henry Hudson sailed for the _____________ in 1609.
• Came across a river, known today as Hudson River.
• 1 year later, sent by England and discovered a huge bay, known as ___________.
Jacques Cartier
Henry Hudson
French Trading Posts and Dutch Settlements
• French viewed North America as opportunity to profit from ______ and ______ trading.
• Group of French traders made agreement with Native Americans to trade fur.
• 1608—they sent Samuel de Champlain to establish a settlement in ______.– He described the beautiful scenery, abundant wildlife, and
Native Americans he met there.
• French soon moved into other parts of ________.• Built trading posts to collect furs gathered by Native
Americans and French trappers.• Trappers were called _____________--meaning
“runners of the woods”.
Dutch Settlements• Netherlands eager to claim share of world trade.• ________ voyage became basis for Dutch claims on the
continent.• 1621—Dutch West India Company set up trading colony,
called ____________.• 1624—the company sent ____ families to settle in the area.• Settled along the Hudson River.• Center of the new colony was _______________, where
the Hudson River enters New York Harbor.– New Amsterdam later became ______________.
• Now the Netherlands started colonies in the Americas.