Ch 2 Sec 1
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05/16/22 12.1 Explain the fundamental principles and moral values of American democracy as expressed in the U.S. Constitution and other essential documents of American democracy. 1 Our Political Heritage Chapter 2 sec 1
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Transcript of Ch 2 Sec 1
04/09/23
12.1 Explain the fundamental principles and moral values of American democracy as expressed in the U.S. Constitution and other essential documents of American democracy.
1
Our Political Heritage
Chapter 2 sec 1
04/09/23
12.1 Explain the fundamental principles and moral values of American democracy as expressed in the U.S. Constitution and other essential documents of American democracy.
2
Topics
I. Greek Influences
II. Roman Influences
III. English Common Law
IV. The Enlightenment
V. Colonial governments
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12.1 Explain the fundamental principles and moral values of American democracy as expressed in the U.S. Constitution and other essential documents of American democracy.
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I. Greek Influences
A. Democracy in Athens
B. Democracy in Athens???
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12.1 Explain the fundamental principles and moral values of American democracy as expressed in the U.S. Constitution and other essential documents of American democracy.
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A. Democracy in Athens
• Direct Democracy• Any citizen could serve.
– The Council of 500 (Lottery)– The Ostraca
• The Assembly – Citizens could debate and vote– approved all decisions.
• Jurors were selected from population.
• Generals were elected.
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12.1 Explain the fundamental principles and moral values of American democracy as expressed in the U.S. Constitution and other essential documents of American democracy.
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B. Democracy in Athens???
• Citizenship was limited.
• Women had limited rights.– No voting– No property– No public life.
• Greece had slavery– Not Chattel at first– Became chattel over time
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12.1 Explain the fundamental principles and moral values of American democracy as expressed in the U.S. Constitution and other essential documents of American democracy.
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II. Roman Influences
A. Senate and Assembly
B. Twelve Tables
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12.1 Explain the fundamental principles and moral values of American democracy as expressed in the U.S. Constitution and other essential documents of American democracy.
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A. Senate and Assembly
• A Representative or Republican form of Government
• Senate represented the Patrician class.– Represented landed aristocracy.– Dominated early Rome.– Served for life.
• The Assembly represented the Plebeians.– Common families– Originally had little power.– Grew in power over time
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12.1 Explain the fundamental principles and moral values of American democracy as expressed in the U.S. Constitution and other essential documents of American democracy.
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B. The Twelve Tables 450 B.C.E.
• Written code of laws.– Stone tablets
were hung for all to see.
– Demonstrated idea that laws applied to all.
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12.1 Explain the fundamental principles and moral values of American democracy as expressed in the U.S. Constitution and other essential documents of American democracy.
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III. English Common Law
A. The Magna Carta
B. The Petition of Right
C. The English Bill of Rights
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12.1 Explain the fundamental principles and moral values of American democracy as expressed in the U.S. Constitution and other essential documents of American democracy.
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A. The Magna Carta, 1215.
• The Nobility was angered by King John’s wars and taxes.
• Coerced King John to sign The Great Charter.– Trial by jury– Due Process– Private Property.
• Intended to protect nobility only.
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12.1 Explain the fundamental principles and moral values of American democracy as expressed in the U.S. Constitution and other essential documents of American democracy.
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B. The Petition of Right, 1628.
• Parliament forced Charles I to sign.– Needed consent of parliament for new taxes.– King could not impose martial law.
• Challenged idea of Divine Right of Kings.• Helped lead to English Civil War
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12.1 Explain the fundamental principles and moral values of American democracy as expressed in the U.S. Constitution and other essential documents of American democracy.
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C. The English Bill of Rights, 1688.
• Result of the Glorious Revolution.– Right to a fair trial.– Freedom from excessive bail.– No cruel and unusual punishment.
• Placed significant restrictions on the Crown• Secured power for Parliament
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12.1 Explain the fundamental principles and moral values of American democracy as expressed in the U.S. Constitution and other essential documents of American democracy.
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IV. The Enlightenment
A. The Age of Reason
B. Thomas Hobbes
C. John Locke
D. Baron de Montesquieu
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12.1 Explain the fundamental principles and moral values of American democracy as expressed in the U.S. Constitution and other essential documents of American democracy.
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A. The Age of Reason
• Developed counter to Divine Right• Strong influence in colonies (U.S.)• Major principles
– Rule of Law– Social Contract– Natural Rights– Liberty– Limited Government– Separation of Powers
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12.1 Explain the fundamental principles and moral values of American democracy as expressed in the U.S. Constitution and other essential documents of American democracy.
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B. Thomas Hobbes
• Wrote “The Leviathan”• The state of nature of man is
war.– Anarchy– Selfishness– This problem must be averted
• Solution: A Leviathan– A strong state or leader.– Need a state to prevent war.
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12.1 Explain the fundamental principles and moral values of American democracy as expressed in the U.S. Constitution and other essential documents of American democracy.
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Hobbes…
• People enter into a Social Contract.– The creation of a
state to maintain order.
– Sacrifice freedoms for security.
– Not Divine Right
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12.1 Explain the fundamental principles and moral values of American democracy as expressed in the U.S. Constitution and other essential documents of American democracy.
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C. John Locke
• State of nature for people is freedom.– People have reason– No need for a leviathan
• Believed people had Natural Rights– …right to life, liberty and
property.– Right to revolt– State created to protect
liberty
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12.1 Explain the fundamental principles and moral values of American democracy as expressed in the U.S. Constitution and other essential documents of American democracy.
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Locke…
• Social Contract is between people within a society.– Govern according to
reason.
• Power comes from the consent of the people.
• Limited Power
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12.1 Explain the fundamental principles and moral values of American democracy as expressed in the U.S. Constitution and other essential documents of American democracy.
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D. Montesquieu
• Wrote Spirit of the Law• Government has 3 functions
– To write laws – To interpret laws – To enforce laws
• Separation Of Powers• Checks and Balances
– “Power is the check to power”
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12.1 Explain the fundamental principles and moral values of American democracy as expressed in the U.S. Constitution and other essential documents of American democracy.
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III.Colonial Governments
A. Royal Colonies
B. Proprietary Colonies
C. Charter Colonies
D. Shared Trends
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12.1 Explain the fundamental principles and moral values of American democracy as expressed in the U.S. Constitution and other essential documents of American democracy.
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A. Royal Colonies
• Colonial settlements under direct rule of British crown.• Governor and council appointed by Crown.
• Colonists elected an assembly.• Governor had veto power.
• Most colonies were Royal colonies.
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12.1 Explain the fundamental principles and moral values of American democracy as expressed in the U.S. Constitution and other essential documents of American democracy.
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B. Proprietary Colonies
• The crown gave a land grant to a proprietor.– Proprietor would select governor and upper
house.– Lower house elected by people.
• Delaware, Maryland, and Pennsylvania.
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12.1 Explain the fundamental principles and moral values of American democracy as expressed in the U.S. Constitution and other essential documents of American democracy.
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C. Charter Colonies
• Colonial settlements established by groups given a charter by the crown.– Colonists elected governors and houses.– Crown had right to approve governor.
• These colonies had the greatest degree of self rule.
• Connecticut and Rhode Island.
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12.1 Explain the fundamental principles and moral values of American democracy as expressed in the U.S. Constitution and other essential documents of American democracy.
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D. common experience
• State governments used:– Constitutions- social contracts– Popular Sovereignty– Limited the power of government.– 7 states had a bill of Rights– All had separation of power
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12.1 Explain the fundamental principles and moral values of American democracy as expressed in the U.S. Constitution and other essential documents of American democracy.
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What do we know?
• Several periods influenced American political thought.
• The Enlightenment and English Common Law have had a profound influence.
• The colonies demonstrate early and successful attempts at democratic self government.
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12.1 Explain the fundamental principles and moral values of American democracy as expressed in the U.S. Constitution and other essential documents of American democracy.
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Terms
• Direct Democracy• Republic• Magna Carta• Petition of Right• English Bill of Rights• Thomas Hobbes• Social Contract• John Locke• Natural Rights
• Montesquieu• Separation of Powers• Checks and Balances• Royal Colonies• Proprietary Colonies• Charter Colonies
