Ch. 17 – Properies of Atoms and Atomic Structure I. Structure of the Atom Symbols Subatomic...
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Transcript of Ch. 17 – Properies of Atoms and Atomic Structure I. Structure of the Atom Symbols Subatomic...
![Page 1: Ch. 17 – Properies of Atoms and Atomic Structure I. Structure of the Atom Symbols Subatomic particles Electron cloud model.](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022032606/56649ea25503460f94ba5861/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Ch. 17 – Properies of Atoms and Atomic Structure
I. Structure of the Atom Symbols
Subatomic particles Electron cloud model
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A. Chemical Symbols
Capitals matter! Element symbols contain ONE capital letter
followed by lowercase letter(s) if necessary.
Co vs. COMetal that
forms bright blue solid
compounds.
Poisonous gas.
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B. Subatomic Particles
POSIT IVECHARG E
PROT ONS
NEUT RALCHARG E
NEUT RONS
NUCLEUS
NEG AT IVE CHARG E
ELECT RONS
AT OM
Most of the atom’s mass. Atomic Numberequals the # of...
in a neutral atom
NUCLEUS ELECTRONS
PROTONS NEUTRONS NEGATIVE CHARGE
POSITIVE CHARGE
NEUTRAL CHARGE
ATOM
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B. Subatomic Particles
Quarks
• 6 types
• 3 quarks = 1 proton or 1 neutron He
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A. Orbital
Region where there is 90% probability of finding an electron.
Can’t pinpoint the location of an electron.
Density of dots represents degree of probability.
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A. Orbital
Orbitals have different shapes.
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B. Energy Levels
Electrons can only exist at certain energy levels.
Low energy levels are close to the nucleus.
Each energy level (n) can hold 2n2 electrons.
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C. Bohr Model Diagrams
Simplified energy levels using Bohr’s idea of circular orbits.
e-
e-
Maximum e-
Level 1 2e-
Level 2 8e-
Level 3 18e-
Level 4 32e-
Lithium Atomic #: 3 Mass: 7
# of p: 3 # of e: 3 # of n: 4
p
pn
nn n
p
e-
Can replace with:
3p4n
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C. Bohr Model Activity
Choose a number between 1 & 18. Find your element by the atomic number you picked. Draw a Bohr Model diagram for your element.
• Round off the mass listed on the table and subtract the atomic # to find the # of neutrons.• Abbreviate the # of ‘p’ and ‘n’ in the nucleus.
Have a partner check your drawing. Repeat with a new element.
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II. Masses of Atoms Atomic Mass
Mass Number
Isotopes
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A. Atomic Mass
atomic mass unit (u)
1 u = 1/12 the mass of a 12C atom
1 proton = 1 u 1 neutron = 1 u
1 u = 1.67 10-24 g
© Addison-Wesley Publishing Company, Inc.
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B. Mass Number
Sum of the protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom.
Always a whole number.
# of neutrons = mass # - atomic #
© Addison-Wesley Publishing Company, Inc.
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C. Isotopes
Atoms of the same element with different numbers of neutrons.
C126Mass #
Atomic #
Isotope symbol:
“Carbon-12”
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C. Isotopes
© Addison-Wesley Publishing Company, Inc.
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C. Isotopes
Average Atomic Mass• reported on Periodic Table• weighted average of all isotopes
atoms of # total
atoms) of )(## (massatoms) of )(## (mass
Avg.AtomicMass
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Avg.AtomicMass
C. Isotopes
EX: About 8 out of 10 chlorine atoms are chlorine-35. Two out of 10 are chlorine-37.
atoms 10
atoms) u)(2 (37atoms) u)(8 (3535.4 u
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III. The Periodic TableMendeleev
Mosely
Organization
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A. Dmitri Mendeleev
Dmitri Mendeleev (1869, Russian)
• Organized elements by increasing
atomic mass.
• Predicted the existence of
undiscovered elements.
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B. Henry Mosely
Henry Mosely (1913, British)
• Organized elements by increasing
atomic number.
• Fixed problems in Mendeleev’s
arrangement.
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A. Metallic Character
1
2
3
4 5
6
7
Metals Nonmetals Metalloids
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B. Table Sections
1
2
3
4 5
6
7
Representative Elements Transition Metals Inner Transition Metals
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B. Table Sections
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
Lanthanides - part of period 6
Actinides - part of period 7
Overall Configuration
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C. Columns & Rows
1
2
3
4 5
6
7
Group (Family) Period
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C. Terms Valence Electrons
• e- in the outermost energy level• these determine the properties of
the elements• Elements in the same group have
the same # of valence electrons
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D. Periodic Trends Group # = # of valence e- (except He)
• Families have similar reactivity Period # = # of energy levels
1A
2A 3A 4A 5A 6A 7A
8A
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E. Dot Diagrams
Dots represent the valence e-. EX: Sodium
EX: Chlorine