Ch. 14 pt 2 gunpowder empires and russia
Transcript of Ch. 14 pt 2 gunpowder empires and russia
Chapter 14 part 2Empires and Encounters
1450-1750
The Rise of Russia
Slavic peoples and Rus Vikings
Orthodox Christian
rulers, but many ethic groups and
religions
1200s Invaded by
Mongol Golden Horde
Batu Khan (Grandson of Chinngis)
Alexander Nevsky
(1221-1263)Prince of Novgorod
Made peace with the Mongols and defeated Swedes
1242 Nevsky defeated Catholic Teutonic Knights
Battle of Lake Peipus.avi
RussiaMid 1400s
The end of 200 years under the “Mongol
Yoke”
Ivan III(r. 1462-1505)
Muscovite prince who
consolidated power after
Mongols
Aleksey Kivshenko’s Ivan the Great tearing the khan's letter to pieces
Tsar - Russian rulerClaimed connections to the Byzantines,
Romans, and the Orthodox Church
Orthodox Christianity, feudalism with very harsh serfdom, no Renaissance,
“backwards”, and “uneducated”
Expansion into Siberia decimated native populations. Cultural conflicts followed
Ivan IV Vasilyevich “The Terrible” (1530-1584)
1st True Tsar
Increased Power of the Monarchy
Killed all rivals and suspected rivals
Assumed ownership of all
land and economy
Oprichiniki death squad carried a dog head and a broom as their symbols
“The Time of Troubles”1598-1613
House of Romanov
Ruled Until 1917
The Transformation of Russia
TsarPeter
Alexeyevich(1672-1725)
The Great
WesternizationMake Russia
more like Western Europe
1697-1698Traveled throughout
Europe to learn military strategy, education, ships,
medicine, culture, etc.
Changed fashion and
customs• Short coats• No beards• Women’s
dress• Printing• Manners
"The Barber Wants to Cut the Old Believer's Whiskers." Woodcut. Ca. 1770
Peter made himself head of the Russian Orthodox Church
St. Petersburg(Petrograd and Leningrad)
1721 renamed Russia the
Russian Empire
Muslim Gunpowder EmpiresOttomans, Safavids, and Mughals
Golden Age of Islamic arts and culture
TurkicOttoman Empire
1299-1923
Osman
1453 Mohammed II Conquered Constantinople
1453 Fall of Constantinople
Mehmed II
The “Strong Sword of
Islam” (Sunni)
Conflicts with Persian
Safavids (Shia)
Sultans control politics and economySeparate themselves from the masses
Faced many issues with succession
Four Main Social Groups*-Men of the pen (academics)-Men of the sword-Men of negotiations (merchants)-Men of husbandry (farmers)
*social mobility became more rigid over time
Educated women of the Imperial Harem influenced politics and society (a “golden cage”)
Most women could own property and had some rights, but governed by patriarchal Sharia law
(varying degrees under different rulers)
Religious and cultural toleration
Millet and Devshirme Systems
Millet • Separated religious communities (Mus, Cath, Orth, Jew)
• Each Millet chose leaders and established religious law and education
• Accountable to Sultan for order and taxes
• Balkan Christian boys taken as a “tax”
• Converted to Islam and educated
• Given high raking positions
Devshirme
Elite Janissaries promoted from
Devshirme system
SultanSuleyman I “The Magnificent”
(1495-1566)
High Point of Empire
French King Francis I and Sultan Suleiman
Suleiman expanded the empireEuropeans feared the “Terrible Turk”
Admiral Barbarossa
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Dominated The Mediterranean
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Defeated The Pope’s Holy
Alliance
1571 Ottoman expansion into Europe ended
1683 Battle of Vienna defeated and repelled the Ottomans
?
Mughal Empire 1526-1707Muslim minority ruling a Hindu majority
Babur (1483-1530)
Founded Mughal Empire
Outnumbered 100,000 to
12,000Babur
Conquered Delhi With Canons in
1526
Babur’s Grandson, 3rd Mughal emperor
Akbar the Great
(1542-1605)
United largest section of India since Asoka
Outlawed Slavery------------------------------------------------------------------
Religious and Culturally Tolerant Hindus, Buddhists, Jains, Zoroastrians, Jews, Christians
(why tolerance?)------------------------------------------------------------------
Centralized govt and taxes = reduce corruption
Friendly contact
with Jesuits
Built by Akbar’s son Jahan
Aurangzeb (1617-1707)
1658 - killed his brother and imprisoned his father
Forced conversions to Islam, imposed high taxes, and outlawed Hindu temple building
Banned sati,
gambling, drinking, and other
vices
1987 Sati Prevention Act
Expansionist wars
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Conflicts with Hindus and Sikhs
Sikhism
Founded By Guru Nanak(1469-1539)
Monotheistic religion that does not limit God to one religion
Common Reasons for Downfall• Diverse populations - tolerance to persecution• Succession conflicts• Corruption• Financial problems
–no “middle class”, war, no modern industries• Conservative rulers resisted outside ideas
(printing press)• Rise of Europe
Compare the actions and effects of European conquest of the Americas to either the spread of the Ottoman Empire or the creation of the Mughal Empire