Ch 13 - Age of ExplorationCh 13 - Age of Exploration

Main IdeaMain Idea

During the 1400s and 1500s European During the 1400s and 1500s European explorers explorers

were inspired bywere inspired by

GreedGreed – buy and sell luxury trade goods – buy and sell luxury trade goods

CuriosityCuriosity – explore new worlds – explore new worlds

Desire for GloryDesire for Glory – spread Christianity – spread Christianity

Voyages of DiscoveryVoyages of Discovery

MercantilismMercantilism

• An economic theory that as a An economic theory that as a nation’s trade grows, its gold nation’s trade grows, its gold reserves grow and the nation reserves grow and the nation becomes more powerful.becomes more powerful.

Navigation Made Possible Navigation Made Possible

• Prince Henry the Navigator – of Prince Henry the Navigator – of PortugalPortugal– Created a navigation school to train Created a navigation school to train

sailorssailors– Used the latest technologyUsed the latest technology

•AstrolabeAstrolabe

•QuadrantQuadrant

Eventually compass and clockEventually compass and clock

TradeTrade

• Find fastest and best sea route to Find fastest and best sea route to Asian markets without going through Asian markets without going through Muslim lands due to transportation Muslim lands due to transportation costscosts

Big Ten (+1) Big Ten (+1) ExplorersExplorers

to the to the New WorldNew World

Columbus (Columbus (1492 – 1503)1492 – 1503)

• Sailed west to Sailed west to IndiesIndies- 4 voyages in all- 4 voyages in all

• Landed on the Landed on the BahamasBahamas

• Sailed for Spain Sailed for Spain (King Ferdinand (King Ferdinand and Queen and Queen IsabellaIsabella

John (John (1497/98)1497/98) and his son and his son Sebastian Cabot (Sebastian Cabot (1508/09)1508/09)

• Sailed for EnglandSailed for England

• Landed on coast Landed on coast of Newfoundlandof Newfoundland

• Gave England Gave England claim to North claim to North AmericaAmerica

• Searched for Searched for Northwest Northwest PassagePassage

Ponce de Leon Ponce de Leon (1513)(1513)

• 1st Spaniard to 1st Spaniard to land on the land on the mainland of North mainland of North AmericaAmerica

• Looking for Looking for “Fountain of “Fountain of Youth”Youth”

• Established St. Established St. Augustine, FloridaAugustine, Florida

Balboa Balboa (1513)(1513)

• Spanish ExplorerSpanish Explorer

• Traveled across Traveled across PanamaPanama

• Claimed Pacific Claimed Pacific Ocean and Ocean and adjoining lands adjoining lands for Spainfor Spain

Cortes Cortes (1518)(1518)

• Spanish Spanish ConquistadorConquistador

• Conquered Aztec Conquered Aztec emperor emperor Montezuma at Montezuma at Mexico CityMexico City

Magellan (Magellan (1519 – 1522)1519 – 1522)

• Searched for Searched for passage to Pacific passage to Pacific OceanOcean

• Sailed through Sailed through “Straits of “Straits of Magellan”Magellan”

• Died in PhilippinesDied in Philippines

• Crew 1st to Crew 1st to circumnavigate the circumnavigate the worldworld

Hernando De Soto Hernando De Soto ((1539-1539-1542)1542)• ConquistadorConquistador

• Sailed for SpainSailed for Spain

• Explored land that is Explored land that is now Southern U.S.now Southern U.S.– Florida Florida – Georgia to TexasGeorgia to Texas– Alabama to TennesseeAlabama to Tennessee

• Explored Mississippi Explored Mississippi River – Present-day River – Present-day OklahomaOklahoma

Coronado Coronado (1540 – 1542)(1540 – 1542)

• ConquistadorConquistador• Looking for fabled Looking for fabled

Seven Cities of Seven Cities of GoldGold

• Explored present-Explored present-day Arizona, New day Arizona, New Mexico, Texas, Mexico, Texas, and Kansasand Kansas

• Visited the Grand Visited the Grand CanyonCanyon

Pizzaro Pizzaro (1522-1534)(1522-1534)

• ConquistadorConquistador

• Conquered the Conquered the Inca Empire over Inca Empire over timetime

• Ruled Peru and Ruled Peru and parts of South parts of South America for SpainAmerica for Spain

• Killed in 1541Killed in 1541

Vespucci Vespucci (1501)(1501)

• Amerigo VespucciAmerigo Vespucci

• America was America was named after him named after him by a German by a German mapmaker in mapmaker in 15071507

Columbian ExchangeColumbian Exchange• According to historian Alfred Crosby, the

exchange of plants, animals and pathogens between the two hemispheres was biologically “the most spectacular thing that has ever happened to humans," and he coined the phenomenon the Columbian ExchangeColumbian Exchange.

• New World to EuropeNew World to Europe

• Europe to the New World Europe to the New World

The Columbian Exchange

The Poor Person’s Food

The PotatoThe PotatoThe potato grows well in the The potato grows well in the temperate climate of temperate climate of northern Europe and northern Europe and produces produces threethree timestimes as as much food per unit of land as much food per unit of land as wheat or any other grain. wheat or any other grain.

Between 1781 and 1845, the Between 1781 and 1845, the Irish population doubled from Irish population doubled from four to eight million. four to eight million. Probably half of this Probably half of this population depended on the population depended on the potato for survival.potato for survival.

The Great Irish FamineOver one million died of starvation and disease, and almost two million emigrated to the United States and Britain.

Portuguese Merchants Portuguese Merchants Spread Slavery Spread Slavery

Sugar, Tobacco and SlaverySugar, Tobacco and Slavery

Slave Trade WorldwideSlave Trade Worldwide

Treaty of Tordesillas (1494) Treaty of Tordesillas (1494)

• New World divided between Spain New World divided between Spain and Portugaland Portugal

• All land and riches east of 60All land and riches east of 60° W ° W given to Portugal given to Portugal (Brazil)(Brazil)

• All land and riches west of 60° W All land and riches west of 60° W given to Spain given to Spain (North and Central America)(North and Central America)

Other Explorers Other Explorers of of

the Age of Explorationthe Age of Exploration• Bartholomeu Dias – PortugalBartholomeu Dias – Portugal

• Vasco de Gama – PortugalVasco de Gama – Portugal