Ch 11 Sensation and Perception psyc 320 Takashi Yamauchi © Takashi Yamauchi (Dept. of Psychology,...
-
Upload
isabel-miller -
Category
Documents
-
view
236 -
download
1
Transcript of Ch 11 Sensation and Perception psyc 320 Takashi Yamauchi © Takashi Yamauchi (Dept. of Psychology,...
![Page 1: Ch 11 Sensation and Perception psyc 320 Takashi Yamauchi © Takashi Yamauchi (Dept. of Psychology, Texas A&M University)](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062304/56649d6e5503460f94a4f17f/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Ch 1 1
Sensation and Perception
psyc 320
Takashi Yamauchi© Takashi Yamauchi (Dept. of Psychology, Texas A&M University)
![Page 2: Ch 11 Sensation and Perception psyc 320 Takashi Yamauchi © Takashi Yamauchi (Dept. of Psychology, Texas A&M University)](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062304/56649d6e5503460f94a4f17f/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Ch 1 2
Sensation & Perception
• Ch. 1: Introduction to perception
• Main topics– Perceptual processes– How to study perception– How to measure perception
![Page 3: Ch 11 Sensation and Perception psyc 320 Takashi Yamauchi © Takashi Yamauchi (Dept. of Psychology, Texas A&M University)](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062304/56649d6e5503460f94a4f17f/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Ch 1 3
• Sensation & Perception
• How is this course different from other psychology courses?
–learn sensation & perception
–Some very basic form of mind (sensing & perceiving)
–Deal with fundamental principles of psychology
![Page 4: Ch 11 Sensation and Perception psyc 320 Takashi Yamauchi © Takashi Yamauchi (Dept. of Psychology, Texas A&M University)](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062304/56649d6e5503460f94a4f17f/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Ch 1 4
Questions:
• What is perception?
Perception is about perceiving.
What is perceiving?
What do we do when we perceive?
We see, smell, hear, feel, taste, …
![Page 5: Ch 11 Sensation and Perception psyc 320 Takashi Yamauchi © Takashi Yamauchi (Dept. of Psychology, Texas A&M University)](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062304/56649d6e5503460f94a4f17f/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Ch 1 5
What tools do we have for perceiving?• Eyes, ears, nose, tongue, skin,
– eyes see,
– ears hear,
– nose smell,
– tongue taste,
– skin feel (temperature)
– skin feel (touch)
![Page 6: Ch 11 Sensation and Perception psyc 320 Takashi Yamauchi © Takashi Yamauchi (Dept. of Psychology, Texas A&M University)](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062304/56649d6e5503460f94a4f17f/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Ch 1 6
What do eyes, a nose, ears, a tongue, and skin do?
• Eye:
• Ear:
• Nose:
• Tongue:
• Skin:
![Page 7: Ch 11 Sensation and Perception psyc 320 Takashi Yamauchi © Takashi Yamauchi (Dept. of Psychology, Texas A&M University)](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062304/56649d6e5503460f94a4f17f/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Ch 1 7
What does the eye do?
• Eye:
– detecting light
Seeing,
yes but what is seeing?
What is light?
electromagnetic energy
![Page 8: Ch 11 Sensation and Perception psyc 320 Takashi Yamauchi © Takashi Yamauchi (Dept. of Psychology, Texas A&M University)](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062304/56649d6e5503460f94a4f17f/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Ch 1 8
What is electromagnetic energy?
• Electro + magnetic + energy = electromagnetic energy
• Electromagnetic energy is a stream of photons.– www.wikipedia.org
![Page 9: Ch 11 Sensation and Perception psyc 320 Takashi Yamauchi © Takashi Yamauchi (Dept. of Psychology, Texas A&M University)](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062304/56649d6e5503460f94a4f17f/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Ch 1 9
What are photons?
• They are massless particles each traveling in a wave-like pattern and moving at the speed of light.
• The smallest (quantum) unit of light/electromagnetic energy.
• It is the carrier of electromagnetic radiation of all wavelengths– such as gamma rays, X-rays, ultraviolet light, visible
light, infrared light, microwaves, and radio waves.
![Page 10: Ch 11 Sensation and Perception psyc 320 Takashi Yamauchi © Takashi Yamauchi (Dept. of Psychology, Texas A&M University)](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062304/56649d6e5503460f94a4f17f/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Ch 1 10
So what is “seeing”?
• Detecting some form of the movement of photons (electromagnetic radiation).
![Page 11: Ch 11 Sensation and Perception psyc 320 Takashi Yamauchi © Takashi Yamauchi (Dept. of Psychology, Texas A&M University)](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062304/56649d6e5503460f94a4f17f/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Ch 1 11
What does the ear do?
Hears sound
What is sound?
the vibration of air.
What is the vibration of air?Where do they come from?
Air moves when something else moves
![Page 12: Ch 11 Sensation and Perception psyc 320 Takashi Yamauchi © Takashi Yamauchi (Dept. of Psychology, Texas A&M University)](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062304/56649d6e5503460f94a4f17f/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Ch 1 12
What does the nose do?
• Nose: is for smelling
–Where does smelling come from?
–Smelling is a “sensation caused by odorant molecules dissolved in air.” (wikipedia.org)
![Page 13: Ch 11 Sensation and Perception psyc 320 Takashi Yamauchi © Takashi Yamauchi (Dept. of Psychology, Texas A&M University)](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062304/56649d6e5503460f94a4f17f/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Ch 1 13
Odorant molecules? What are they?
• Odorant (aroma compound) chemical compound (e.g., H2O; a
chemical substance of two or more different chemical elements.)
• Where do they come from?– Organic compounds foods, flowers, – Inorganic compounds ammonia,…
![Page 14: Ch 11 Sensation and Perception psyc 320 Takashi Yamauchi © Takashi Yamauchi (Dept. of Psychology, Texas A&M University)](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062304/56649d6e5503460f94a4f17f/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Ch 1 14
Taste
• How do we get that?– From our tongues.
• Where do we get that?– From foods we eat.– From specific chemicals.
![Page 15: Ch 11 Sensation and Perception psyc 320 Takashi Yamauchi © Takashi Yamauchi (Dept. of Psychology, Texas A&M University)](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062304/56649d6e5503460f94a4f17f/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Ch 1 15
What does the skin do?
• Detect temperature:
• What is temperature?• It is about how hot or cold something is.
• How does something get hot or cold?• Temperature is the result of the motion of particles
which make up a substance. • Temperature increases as the energy of this motion
increases. (wikipedia)
![Page 16: Ch 11 Sensation and Perception psyc 320 Takashi Yamauchi © Takashi Yamauchi (Dept. of Psychology, Texas A&M University)](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062304/56649d6e5503460f94a4f17f/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Ch 1 16
What does the skin do?
feels touching
It responds to mechanical stimulation or pressure
![Page 17: Ch 11 Sensation and Perception psyc 320 Takashi Yamauchi © Takashi Yamauchi (Dept. of Psychology, Texas A&M University)](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062304/56649d6e5503460f94a4f17f/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Ch 1 17
So, what is perception?
• Perception is a system that tells us about an environment.
![Page 18: Ch 11 Sensation and Perception psyc 320 Takashi Yamauchi © Takashi Yamauchi (Dept. of Psychology, Texas A&M University)](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062304/56649d6e5503460f94a4f17f/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Ch 1 18
Eye, ear, nose, tongue & skin
• They are sensors.
• They are detecting some kind of changes in an environment.
![Page 19: Ch 11 Sensation and Perception psyc 320 Takashi Yamauchi © Takashi Yamauchi (Dept. of Psychology, Texas A&M University)](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062304/56649d6e5503460f94a4f17f/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Ch 1 19
So, studying perception we need to study
• How the eye works,
• How the ear works,
• How the nose works,
• How the tongue works, and
• How the skin works
• Is that all?
![Page 20: Ch 11 Sensation and Perception psyc 320 Takashi Yamauchi © Takashi Yamauchi (Dept. of Psychology, Texas A&M University)](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062304/56649d6e5503460f94a4f17f/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Ch 1 20
What tools do we have for perceiving?
• Eyes, ears, nose, tongue, skin, – Eyes see, ears hear, nose smell, – tongue taste, skin feel
• Are these all?• NO!
Brain (not Bryan)
![Page 21: Ch 11 Sensation and Perception psyc 320 Takashi Yamauchi © Takashi Yamauchi (Dept. of Psychology, Texas A&M University)](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062304/56649d6e5503460f94a4f17f/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Ch 1 21
The brain is the locus of perception
• the study of perception entails the study of the brain and behavior.
![Page 22: Ch 11 Sensation and Perception psyc 320 Takashi Yamauchi © Takashi Yamauchi (Dept. of Psychology, Texas A&M University)](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062304/56649d6e5503460f94a4f17f/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Ch 1 22
A quick demonstration
• Tell me what you see.
![Page 23: Ch 11 Sensation and Perception psyc 320 Takashi Yamauchi © Takashi Yamauchi (Dept. of Psychology, Texas A&M University)](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062304/56649d6e5503460f94a4f17f/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Ch 1 23
![Page 24: Ch 11 Sensation and Perception psyc 320 Takashi Yamauchi © Takashi Yamauchi (Dept. of Psychology, Texas A&M University)](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062304/56649d6e5503460f94a4f17f/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Ch 1 24
![Page 25: Ch 11 Sensation and Perception psyc 320 Takashi Yamauchi © Takashi Yamauchi (Dept. of Psychology, Texas A&M University)](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062304/56649d6e5503460f94a4f17f/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
ch 10 25
![Page 26: Ch 11 Sensation and Perception psyc 320 Takashi Yamauchi © Takashi Yamauchi (Dept. of Psychology, Texas A&M University)](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062304/56649d6e5503460f94a4f17f/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
ch 10 26
![Page 27: Ch 11 Sensation and Perception psyc 320 Takashi Yamauchi © Takashi Yamauchi (Dept. of Psychology, Texas A&M University)](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062304/56649d6e5503460f94a4f17f/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Ch 1 27
(A)
(B)
(A)
(B)
![Page 28: Ch 11 Sensation and Perception psyc 320 Takashi Yamauchi © Takashi Yamauchi (Dept. of Psychology, Texas A&M University)](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062304/56649d6e5503460f94a4f17f/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Ch 1 28
Visual Illusions
• Why does this happen?
• Tell me what these illusions teach us.
![Page 29: Ch 11 Sensation and Perception psyc 320 Takashi Yamauchi © Takashi Yamauchi (Dept. of Psychology, Texas A&M University)](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062304/56649d6e5503460f94a4f17f/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Ch 1 29
What is perception?
• Perception involves:– Detecting the information in the environment.– Sending the information to the brain, and
interpreting it.
• Perception is about– Detecting and interpreting
![Page 30: Ch 11 Sensation and Perception psyc 320 Takashi Yamauchi © Takashi Yamauchi (Dept. of Psychology, Texas A&M University)](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062304/56649d6e5503460f94a4f17f/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Ch 1 30
Let’s have some break.
• Listen to music
• See a painting
![Page 31: Ch 11 Sensation and Perception psyc 320 Takashi Yamauchi © Takashi Yamauchi (Dept. of Psychology, Texas A&M University)](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062304/56649d6e5503460f94a4f17f/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Ch 1 31
Paul Klee: Golden fish
![Page 32: Ch 11 Sensation and Perception psyc 320 Takashi Yamauchi © Takashi Yamauchi (Dept. of Psychology, Texas A&M University)](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062304/56649d6e5503460f94a4f17f/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
Ch 1 32Paul Klee: Ad Parnassum
![Page 33: Ch 11 Sensation and Perception psyc 320 Takashi Yamauchi © Takashi Yamauchi (Dept. of Psychology, Texas A&M University)](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062304/56649d6e5503460f94a4f17f/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
Ch 1 33Anselm Kiefer: Nuremberg
![Page 34: Ch 11 Sensation and Perception psyc 320 Takashi Yamauchi © Takashi Yamauchi (Dept. of Psychology, Texas A&M University)](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062304/56649d6e5503460f94a4f17f/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
Ch 1 34
Henri Rousseau: The Dream
![Page 35: Ch 11 Sensation and Perception psyc 320 Takashi Yamauchi © Takashi Yamauchi (Dept. of Psychology, Texas A&M University)](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062304/56649d6e5503460f94a4f17f/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
Ch 1 35
What’s going on?
• Perception is about detecting, but also more than detecting.
![Page 36: Ch 11 Sensation and Perception psyc 320 Takashi Yamauchi © Takashi Yamauchi (Dept. of Psychology, Texas A&M University)](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062304/56649d6e5503460f94a4f17f/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
Ch 1 36
What’s going on when we see the pictures?
• When we listen to beautiful music, we often see a picture.
• When we see a beautiful picture, we hear music. How come?
![Page 37: Ch 11 Sensation and Perception psyc 320 Takashi Yamauchi © Takashi Yamauchi (Dept. of Psychology, Texas A&M University)](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062304/56649d6e5503460f94a4f17f/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
Ch 1 37
How come?–Different types of physical information (air vibration, light energy) are translated into a common language in the brain– neural information
Environmental Stimuli (e.g., light energy)
Transduction
Neural Processing
Perception
![Page 38: Ch 11 Sensation and Perception psyc 320 Takashi Yamauchi © Takashi Yamauchi (Dept. of Psychology, Texas A&M University)](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062304/56649d6e5503460f94a4f17f/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
Ch 1 38
![Page 39: Ch 11 Sensation and Perception psyc 320 Takashi Yamauchi © Takashi Yamauchi (Dept. of Psychology, Texas A&M University)](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062304/56649d6e5503460f94a4f17f/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
Ch 1 39
![Page 40: Ch 11 Sensation and Perception psyc 320 Takashi Yamauchi © Takashi Yamauchi (Dept. of Psychology, Texas A&M University)](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062304/56649d6e5503460f94a4f17f/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
Ch 1 40
Key points:• Perception is about finding out what is going on in
an environment.
• Perceptual organs (eyes, ears, nose, skin, a tongue) are basically detectors (sensors)
• Perception requires transforming physical information (e.g., light) into neural information.
• Perception also involves “interpretation,” which is carried out by the brain.
![Page 41: Ch 11 Sensation and Perception psyc 320 Takashi Yamauchi © Takashi Yamauchi (Dept. of Psychology, Texas A&M University)](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062304/56649d6e5503460f94a4f17f/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
Ch 1 41
Studying perception
• How perceptual detectors work.
• How physical information is transformed (e.g., light) into neural information.
• How neural information is processed in the brain.
• How neural information is interpreted and triggers a specific form of perception.
![Page 42: Ch 11 Sensation and Perception psyc 320 Takashi Yamauchi © Takashi Yamauchi (Dept. of Psychology, Texas A&M University)](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062304/56649d6e5503460f94a4f17f/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
Ch 1 42
How come?–Different types of physical information (air vibration, light energy) are transformed into a common neural language in the brain– neural information
Environmental Stimuli (e.g., light energy)
Transduction
Neural Processing
Perception
![Page 43: Ch 11 Sensation and Perception psyc 320 Takashi Yamauchi © Takashi Yamauchi (Dept. of Psychology, Texas A&M University)](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062304/56649d6e5503460f94a4f17f/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
Ch 1 43
Demonstration (attention & perception)
• An interaction between
– attention and perception
– cognition and perception
• Tell me what you see.
![Page 44: Ch 11 Sensation and Perception psyc 320 Takashi Yamauchi © Takashi Yamauchi (Dept. of Psychology, Texas A&M University)](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062304/56649d6e5503460f94a4f17f/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
Ch 1 44
• Tired
• Old
• Sick
• Dark
• Slow
• Heavy
• Hospital
• ugly
• death
![Page 45: Ch 11 Sensation and Perception psyc 320 Takashi Yamauchi © Takashi Yamauchi (Dept. of Psychology, Texas A&M University)](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062304/56649d6e5503460f94a4f17f/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
Ch 1 45
![Page 46: Ch 11 Sensation and Perception psyc 320 Takashi Yamauchi © Takashi Yamauchi (Dept. of Psychology, Texas A&M University)](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062304/56649d6e5503460f94a4f17f/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
• Beautiful
• Young
• Fresh
• Fast
• Energy
• Juicy
• Clean
• cheerful
• Vigorous
![Page 47: Ch 11 Sensation and Perception psyc 320 Takashi Yamauchi © Takashi Yamauchi (Dept. of Psychology, Texas A&M University)](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062304/56649d6e5503460f94a4f17f/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)
Ch 1 47
![Page 48: Ch 11 Sensation and Perception psyc 320 Takashi Yamauchi © Takashi Yamauchi (Dept. of Psychology, Texas A&M University)](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062304/56649d6e5503460f94a4f17f/html5/thumbnails/48.jpg)
Ch 1 48
![Page 49: Ch 11 Sensation and Perception psyc 320 Takashi Yamauchi © Takashi Yamauchi (Dept. of Psychology, Texas A&M University)](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062304/56649d6e5503460f94a4f17f/html5/thumbnails/49.jpg)
Ch 1 49
Demonstration (knowledge and perception)
![Page 50: Ch 11 Sensation and Perception psyc 320 Takashi Yamauchi © Takashi Yamauchi (Dept. of Psychology, Texas A&M University)](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062304/56649d6e5503460f94a4f17f/html5/thumbnails/50.jpg)
Ch 1 50
![Page 51: Ch 11 Sensation and Perception psyc 320 Takashi Yamauchi © Takashi Yamauchi (Dept. of Psychology, Texas A&M University)](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062304/56649d6e5503460f94a4f17f/html5/thumbnails/51.jpg)
Ch 1 51
![Page 52: Ch 11 Sensation and Perception psyc 320 Takashi Yamauchi © Takashi Yamauchi (Dept. of Psychology, Texas A&M University)](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062304/56649d6e5503460f94a4f17f/html5/thumbnails/52.jpg)
Ch 1 52
![Page 53: Ch 11 Sensation and Perception psyc 320 Takashi Yamauchi © Takashi Yamauchi (Dept. of Psychology, Texas A&M University)](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062304/56649d6e5503460f94a4f17f/html5/thumbnails/53.jpg)
Ch 1 53
![Page 54: Ch 11 Sensation and Perception psyc 320 Takashi Yamauchi © Takashi Yamauchi (Dept. of Psychology, Texas A&M University)](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062304/56649d6e5503460f94a4f17f/html5/thumbnails/54.jpg)
Ch 1 54
![Page 55: Ch 11 Sensation and Perception psyc 320 Takashi Yamauchi © Takashi Yamauchi (Dept. of Psychology, Texas A&M University)](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062304/56649d6e5503460f94a4f17f/html5/thumbnails/55.jpg)
Ch 1 55
What did you see?
• What does this tell?
![Page 56: Ch 11 Sensation and Perception psyc 320 Takashi Yamauchi © Takashi Yamauchi (Dept. of Psychology, Texas A&M University)](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062304/56649d6e5503460f94a4f17f/html5/thumbnails/56.jpg)
Ch 1 56
Perceptual process
• Perception is the end result of complex processes.
![Page 57: Ch 11 Sensation and Perception psyc 320 Takashi Yamauchi © Takashi Yamauchi (Dept. of Psychology, Texas A&M University)](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062304/56649d6e5503460f94a4f17f/html5/thumbnails/57.jpg)
Ch 1 57
Why study perception?
• If the doors of perception were to be cleaned, man would see everything as it truly is…..Infinite.
– William Blake
![Page 58: Ch 11 Sensation and Perception psyc 320 Takashi Yamauchi © Takashi Yamauchi (Dept. of Psychology, Texas A&M University)](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062304/56649d6e5503460f94a4f17f/html5/thumbnails/58.jpg)
Ch 1 58
How to approach the study of perception
• Levels of analysis– Psychophysical level of analysis
– Physiological level of analysis
![Page 59: Ch 11 Sensation and Perception psyc 320 Takashi Yamauchi © Takashi Yamauchi (Dept. of Psychology, Texas A&M University)](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062304/56649d6e5503460f94a4f17f/html5/thumbnails/59.jpg)
Ch 1 59
Measuring Perception
• Psychophysical level of analysis– Description
• Phenomenological method• E.g., Let a person describe what they see
– Recognition– Detection
![Page 60: Ch 11 Sensation and Perception psyc 320 Takashi Yamauchi © Takashi Yamauchi (Dept. of Psychology, Texas A&M University)](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062304/56649d6e5503460f94a4f17f/html5/thumbnails/60.jpg)
Ch 1 60
• Detection– Absolute threshold
• is the smallest amount of stimulus energy necessary to detect a stimulus.
E.g., eye exam
– Difference threshold• is the smallest difference between two
stimuli that a person can detect.
![Page 61: Ch 11 Sensation and Perception psyc 320 Takashi Yamauchi © Takashi Yamauchi (Dept. of Psychology, Texas A&M University)](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062304/56649d6e5503460f94a4f17f/html5/thumbnails/61.jpg)
Ch 1 61
![Page 62: Ch 11 Sensation and Perception psyc 320 Takashi Yamauchi © Takashi Yamauchi (Dept. of Psychology, Texas A&M University)](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062304/56649d6e5503460f94a4f17f/html5/thumbnails/62.jpg)
Ch 1 62
Demonstration
![Page 63: Ch 11 Sensation and Perception psyc 320 Takashi Yamauchi © Takashi Yamauchi (Dept. of Psychology, Texas A&M University)](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062304/56649d6e5503460f94a4f17f/html5/thumbnails/63.jpg)
Ch 1 63
![Page 64: Ch 11 Sensation and Perception psyc 320 Takashi Yamauchi © Takashi Yamauchi (Dept. of Psychology, Texas A&M University)](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062304/56649d6e5503460f94a4f17f/html5/thumbnails/64.jpg)
Ch 1 64
![Page 65: Ch 11 Sensation and Perception psyc 320 Takashi Yamauchi © Takashi Yamauchi (Dept. of Psychology, Texas A&M University)](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062304/56649d6e5503460f94a4f17f/html5/thumbnails/65.jpg)
Ch 1 65
![Page 66: Ch 11 Sensation and Perception psyc 320 Takashi Yamauchi © Takashi Yamauchi (Dept. of Psychology, Texas A&M University)](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062304/56649d6e5503460f94a4f17f/html5/thumbnails/66.jpg)
Ch 1 66
![Page 67: Ch 11 Sensation and Perception psyc 320 Takashi Yamauchi © Takashi Yamauchi (Dept. of Psychology, Texas A&M University)](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062304/56649d6e5503460f94a4f17f/html5/thumbnails/67.jpg)
Ch 1 67
Demonstration: Measuring weight
• DL (difference threshold) gets larger as the standard stimulus gets larger.
![Page 68: Ch 11 Sensation and Perception psyc 320 Takashi Yamauchi © Takashi Yamauchi (Dept. of Psychology, Texas A&M University)](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062304/56649d6e5503460f94a4f17f/html5/thumbnails/68.jpg)
Ch 1 68
![Page 69: Ch 11 Sensation and Perception psyc 320 Takashi Yamauchi © Takashi Yamauchi (Dept. of Psychology, Texas A&M University)](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062304/56649d6e5503460f94a4f17f/html5/thumbnails/69.jpg)
Ch 1 69
Demonstration
• Color, line, length
![Page 70: Ch 11 Sensation and Perception psyc 320 Takashi Yamauchi © Takashi Yamauchi (Dept. of Psychology, Texas A&M University)](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062304/56649d6e5503460f94a4f17f/html5/thumbnails/70.jpg)
Ch 1 70
The impact of standard stimuli
• DL (difference threshold) gets larger as the standard stimulus gets larger.
• Weber’s lawDL/S=K
• DL: difference threshold• S: standard stimulus• K: constant
![Page 71: Ch 11 Sensation and Perception psyc 320 Takashi Yamauchi © Takashi Yamauchi (Dept. of Psychology, Texas A&M University)](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062304/56649d6e5503460f94a4f17f/html5/thumbnails/71.jpg)
Ch 1 71
Weber’s law
![Page 72: Ch 11 Sensation and Perception psyc 320 Takashi Yamauchi © Takashi Yamauchi (Dept. of Psychology, Texas A&M University)](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062304/56649d6e5503460f94a4f17f/html5/thumbnails/72.jpg)
Ch 1 72
Question:
• With a standard stimulus 1 kg, John’s difference threshold was 0.25kg. With a standard stimulus 10kg, what would be John’s difference threshold?
![Page 73: Ch 11 Sensation and Perception psyc 320 Takashi Yamauchi © Takashi Yamauchi (Dept. of Psychology, Texas A&M University)](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062304/56649d6e5503460f94a4f17f/html5/thumbnails/73.jpg)
Ch 1 73
Question:
• With a standard stimulus 1 kg, John’s difference threshold was 0.25kg. With a standard stimulus 10kg, what would be John’s difference threshold?
DL/S=K
•DL: ?
•S: 10
•K:
DL/S=K
•DL: 0.25
•S: 1
•K: 0.25
![Page 74: Ch 11 Sensation and Perception psyc 320 Takashi Yamauchi © Takashi Yamauchi (Dept. of Psychology, Texas A&M University)](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062304/56649d6e5503460f94a4f17f/html5/thumbnails/74.jpg)
Ch 1 74
Magnitude estimation
• Assign a value to a standard stimulus
• The subject estimates the value of a target stimulus.
![Page 75: Ch 11 Sensation and Perception psyc 320 Takashi Yamauchi © Takashi Yamauchi (Dept. of Psychology, Texas A&M University)](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062304/56649d6e5503460f94a4f17f/html5/thumbnails/75.jpg)
Ch 1 75
Magnitude estimationStandard: == 10
Target: == ?
Standard: == 100
Target: == ?
![Page 76: Ch 11 Sensation and Perception psyc 320 Takashi Yamauchi © Takashi Yamauchi (Dept. of Psychology, Texas A&M University)](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062304/56649d6e5503460f94a4f17f/html5/thumbnails/76.jpg)
Ch 1 76
Standard: == 100
Target: == ?
![Page 77: Ch 11 Sensation and Perception psyc 320 Takashi Yamauchi © Takashi Yamauchi (Dept. of Psychology, Texas A&M University)](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062304/56649d6e5503460f94a4f17f/html5/thumbnails/77.jpg)
Ch 1 77
Standard: == 100
Target: == ?
![Page 78: Ch 11 Sensation and Perception psyc 320 Takashi Yamauchi © Takashi Yamauchi (Dept. of Psychology, Texas A&M University)](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062304/56649d6e5503460f94a4f17f/html5/thumbnails/78.jpg)
Ch 1 78
Steven’s power law
• S is the physical magnitude of a target that you are estimating.
• P is your estimation• K is some value (constant)• n is some value
nKSP
![Page 79: Ch 11 Sensation and Perception psyc 320 Takashi Yamauchi © Takashi Yamauchi (Dept. of Psychology, Texas A&M University)](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062304/56649d6e5503460f94a4f17f/html5/thumbnails/79.jpg)
Ch 1 79
Magnitude estimation
![Page 80: Ch 11 Sensation and Perception psyc 320 Takashi Yamauchi © Takashi Yamauchi (Dept. of Psychology, Texas A&M University)](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062304/56649d6e5503460f94a4f17f/html5/thumbnails/80.jpg)
Ch 1 80
![Page 81: Ch 11 Sensation and Perception psyc 320 Takashi Yamauchi © Takashi Yamauchi (Dept. of Psychology, Texas A&M University)](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062304/56649d6e5503460f94a4f17f/html5/thumbnails/81.jpg)
Ch 1 81
Steven’s power law nKSP
• S is the physical magnitude of a target that you are estimating.
• P is your estimation
• K is some value (constant)
• n is some value
![Page 82: Ch 11 Sensation and Perception psyc 320 Takashi Yamauchi © Takashi Yamauchi (Dept. of Psychology, Texas A&M University)](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062304/56649d6e5503460f94a4f17f/html5/thumbnails/82.jpg)
Ch 1 82
Experiment (you are estimating the length of lines)
![Page 83: Ch 11 Sensation and Perception psyc 320 Takashi Yamauchi © Takashi Yamauchi (Dept. of Psychology, Texas A&M University)](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062304/56649d6e5503460f94a4f17f/html5/thumbnails/83.jpg)
Ch 1 83
Standard = 100 Target = ?
![Page 84: Ch 11 Sensation and Perception psyc 320 Takashi Yamauchi © Takashi Yamauchi (Dept. of Psychology, Texas A&M University)](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062304/56649d6e5503460f94a4f17f/html5/thumbnails/84.jpg)
Ch 1 84
Target Your estimations0 0
10 4620 5830 6740 7450 7960 8470 8980 9390 96100 100110 103120 106130 109140 112150 114160 117170 119180 121190 124200 126210 128
Estimating the length of stimuli
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
200
220
240
260
280
300
320
0 50 100 150 200 250
Physical magnitudes
Yo
ur
estim
atio
ns
P: your estimation
S: stimulus intensity
n: some value =0.33
K: some value (constant) = 21.5
nKSP P = S raised to the n-th power
![Page 85: Ch 11 Sensation and Perception psyc 320 Takashi Yamauchi © Takashi Yamauchi (Dept. of Psychology, Texas A&M University)](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062304/56649d6e5503460f94a4f17f/html5/thumbnails/85.jpg)
Ch 1 85
Experiment (you are estimating the intensity of electric shock)
Standard = 100
Target = ?
![Page 86: Ch 11 Sensation and Perception psyc 320 Takashi Yamauchi © Takashi Yamauchi (Dept. of Psychology, Texas A&M University)](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062304/56649d6e5503460f94a4f17f/html5/thumbnails/86.jpg)
Ch 1 86
Estimating the intensity of electric shock
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
200
220
240
260
280
300
320
0 50 100 150 200 250
Physcial magnitude
Yo
ur
est
ima
tion
s
Target Your estimations0 0
10 320 930 1640 2550 3560 4670 5980 7290 85100 100110 115120 131130 148140 166150 184160 202170 222180 241190 262200 283210 304
P: your estimation
S: stimulus intensity
n: some value =1.5
K: some value (constant) = 0.1
nKSP
![Page 87: Ch 11 Sensation and Perception psyc 320 Takashi Yamauchi © Takashi Yamauchi (Dept. of Psychology, Texas A&M University)](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062304/56649d6e5503460f94a4f17f/html5/thumbnails/87.jpg)
Ch 1 87
020406080
100120140160180200220240260280300320
0 50 100 150 200 250
Physical magnitudes
You
r es
timat
ions
Estimating electric shock
Estimating the length of lines
![Page 88: Ch 11 Sensation and Perception psyc 320 Takashi Yamauchi © Takashi Yamauchi (Dept. of Psychology, Texas A&M University)](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062304/56649d6e5503460f94a4f17f/html5/thumbnails/88.jpg)
Ch 1 88
Steven’s power law nKSP • S is the physical
magnitude of a target that you are estimating.
• P is your estimation
• K is some value (constant)
• n is some value
![Page 89: Ch 11 Sensation and Perception psyc 320 Takashi Yamauchi © Takashi Yamauchi (Dept. of Psychology, Texas A&M University)](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062304/56649d6e5503460f94a4f17f/html5/thumbnails/89.jpg)
Ch 1 89
Threshold
• Absolute threshold
• Difference threshold
![Page 90: Ch 11 Sensation and Perception psyc 320 Takashi Yamauchi © Takashi Yamauchi (Dept. of Psychology, Texas A&M University)](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062304/56649d6e5503460f94a4f17f/html5/thumbnails/90.jpg)
Ch 1 90
Difference threshold
• Weber’s law
• Stevens’s law