CH 11 Sec 2

A New Kind of War

Stalemate on the Western Front

• The Schlieffen Plan fails:1. Russia mobilized more quickly than expected.2. Sept. 1914 British & French troops pushed German troops back in the 1st Battle of Marne.

• Stalemate on the Western Front is the result. A deadlock in which neither side is able to defeat the other.

• Battle lines in France would remain almost unchanged for 4 years.

New Technology• Machine Guns

• Tanks-Britain introduced the 1st armored tank in 1916.

• Airplanes-Used at first mainly for reconnaissance (spying)-”dogfights” would follow.

•Poison Gas-blinded, choked, or caused extremely painful blisters & burns (could

be fatal)Soldier in Gas Mask

Soldier who hasLost the top 3 layers

Skin due to gas.

British response to Germany’s use of gas.

•Submarines-German perfected the use of U-boats.

New Hazards in War• The new weapons & tactics in WWI led

to horrific injuries & hazards.

• Due to trench warfare soldiers were surrounded by filth, lice, rats & polluted water that caused dysentery.

• They suffered from lack of sleep & suffered from “shell-shock.”

Physical Problems• Trench foot (caused

by standing in cold wet trenches for long periods of time). Led to your toes rotting off.

• Trench Mouth was also common - a painful infection of the mouth & gums.

Other Fronts• Russia being the least industrialized of

the great powers was losing to Germany (Eastern Front)-still they continued to send masses of troops into battle.

• More countries join in:*1915-Bulgaria joins the CP*1916-Romania joins the Allies*1915-Italy first declares war on A-H then on Germany

The Ottoman Empire• The Ottoman Empire joined the Central

powers in late October of 1914.

• The Turks then cut off important supply lines to Russia through the Dardanelles.

• The Allies responded by sending a massive force of British, Indian, Australian, & New Zealand troops to try to open the strait - Battle of Gallipoli.

• Turkish troops trapped the Allies against the beach-after 10 months of fighting & 200,000 casualties the Allies gave up.

Turkish Troops at Rest during WWI

OE Cont’d• Turkey was also fighting Russia in the Caucus

Mountains.• As the Russians advanced in 1914 some Christian

Armenians joined them-this led to the deportation of the Armenians.

• Armenian Genocide: During this deportation between 600,000 to 1.5 million Armenians died.

• On a 3rd Front (Arab Land) an Arab Nationalists, Husayn ibn Ali, led a Revolt against Ottoman Rule.

• Britain sent T.E. Lawrence to help w/the revolt (Lawrence of Arabia)

LawrenceOf

Arabia