Ch. 10: Helping Behaviors Apr. 10, 2012. Helping (or not helping) Examples of people in distress who...
-
Upload
poppy-oneal -
Category
Documents
-
view
212 -
download
0
Transcript of Ch. 10: Helping Behaviors Apr. 10, 2012. Helping (or not helping) Examples of people in distress who...
![Page 1: Ch. 10: Helping Behaviors Apr. 10, 2012. Helping (or not helping) Examples of people in distress who are ignored What determine why/when people help?](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022083006/56649f335503460f94c4fa73/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Ch. 10: Helping Behaviors
Apr. 10, 2012
![Page 2: Ch. 10: Helping Behaviors Apr. 10, 2012. Helping (or not helping) Examples of people in distress who are ignored What determine why/when people help?](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022083006/56649f335503460f94c4fa73/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Helping (or not helping)• Examples of people in distress who are ignored• What determine why/when people help?– 1) Evolutionary factors:• Role of ‘kin selection’
• What research supports this?
![Page 3: Ch. 10: Helping Behaviors Apr. 10, 2012. Helping (or not helping) Examples of people in distress who are ignored What determine why/when people help?](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022083006/56649f335503460f94c4fa73/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
• Other evolutionary explanations:– Reciprocity
– Empathy• Cognitive component –• Emotional component –
• Toddler empathy research -
• deWaal’s research on monkeys & empathy…
![Page 4: Ch. 10: Helping Behaviors Apr. 10, 2012. Helping (or not helping) Examples of people in distress who are ignored What determine why/when people help?](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022083006/56649f335503460f94c4fa73/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
• 2) Cost-reward model– Social exchange – focus on rewards
• What are possible rewards?– Well-being
– Following social norms
– Related question of whether helping is altruistic or egoistic?
![Page 5: Ch. 10: Helping Behaviors Apr. 10, 2012. Helping (or not helping) Examples of people in distress who are ignored What determine why/when people help?](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022083006/56649f335503460f94c4fa73/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Voluteering
• Increases in volunteering after disasters (9/11, Hurricane Katrina…)– Penner’s research – possible theories:• 1. Modeling• 2. Threat to community• 3. Just-world theory• 4. Terror management theory• 5. Negative state relief
![Page 6: Ch. 10: Helping Behaviors Apr. 10, 2012. Helping (or not helping) Examples of people in distress who are ignored What determine why/when people help?](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022083006/56649f335503460f94c4fa73/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Situational Influences on Helping
• Effect of crowds: The Bystander Effect– Research on this began w/Kitty Genovese murder
in 1964 in NYC• Details of the incident?
• How did bystanders react?
![Page 7: Ch. 10: Helping Behaviors Apr. 10, 2012. Helping (or not helping) Examples of people in distress who are ignored What determine why/when people help?](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022083006/56649f335503460f94c4fa73/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
• Darley & Latane’s follow-up experiments:
• Confederate appears to have seizure• …either alone, with 1 other participant, or 4 other
participants
0
20
40
60
80
100
0
60
12
0
Seconds from beginning of
fit
% h
elp
ing Alone
S + 1otherS + 4others
What is ‘Diffusion of Responsibility’?
![Page 8: Ch. 10: Helping Behaviors Apr. 10, 2012. Helping (or not helping) Examples of people in distress who are ignored What determine why/when people help?](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022083006/56649f335503460f94c4fa73/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
– Obstacles to helping in these situations?• Noticing
• Interpreting– Shotland’s research on intervening in male-female assaults
– The role of pluralistic ignorance
• Responsibility
• Deciding how to help
![Page 9: Ch. 10: Helping Behaviors Apr. 10, 2012. Helping (or not helping) Examples of people in distress who are ignored What determine why/when people help?](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022083006/56649f335503460f94c4fa73/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
• Other situational influences on helping:– Rural/Urban areas:
– Culture:
– Role modeling:
– Attractiveness:
![Page 10: Ch. 10: Helping Behaviors Apr. 10, 2012. Helping (or not helping) Examples of people in distress who are ignored What determine why/when people help?](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022083006/56649f335503460f94c4fa73/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Increasing Helping
– Note that people do not always want help
• Increasing helping among bystanders -
• Avoid the overjustification effect –– Issue among volunteer orgs: