Ch. 10 - Biodiversity. Sect. 1 Objectives Describe the diversity of species types on Earth, relating...
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Transcript of Ch. 10 - Biodiversity. Sect. 1 Objectives Describe the diversity of species types on Earth, relating...
![Page 1: Ch. 10 - Biodiversity. Sect. 1 Objectives Describe the diversity of species types on Earth, relating the difference between known numbers and estimated.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022081421/5697bf731a28abf838c7f633/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Ch. 10 - Biodiversity
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Sect. 1 Objectives
• Describe the diversity of species types on Earth, relating the difference between known numbers and estimated numbers.
• List and describe three levels of biodiversity.
• Explain four ways in which biodiversity is important to ecosystems and humans.
• Analyze the potential value of a single species.
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Biodiversity(biological diversity) – the number of different species in a given area
• Plants – Trees, shrubs, flowers, weeds
• Animals– Mammals, insects, fish, crustaceans
• Fungus
• Insects
• Bacteria
• Etc.
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How many are there?
• 1.7 million species are known– Most are insects
• 10 million species are estimated to exist
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Levels of Diversity• Species diversity – number of different
species in an area
• Ecosystem diversity – variety of habitats, communities
• Genetic diversity – number of genes contained in all members of a population
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What makes everything different?
• Genes (DNA) – code for different traits or characteristics that can be inherited– Everyone's is different (unless you are an
identical twin)
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Why is Biodiversity Important?
• All species are dependant on other species and are depended on by others
• Everyone fits in the food web/chain
• If you remove
one link, all the
others will fall
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Keystone species – a species that is critical to the functioning of the ecosystem
because it affects the survival and abundance of many other species
• – one species that many others depend on
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Ex: Sea Otters
• 1. Otters killed for fur• 2. Sea urchin population grew• 3. Kelp disapeared
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Ex: Prairie dogs
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Biodiversity and Survival
• More genetic diversity means the population has a greater chance of surviving environmental changes. (ie: global warming)
• Ex: Hemophilia
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Biodiversity and Humans
• More organisms the more things for us– Food– Antibiotics– Clothing– Shelter– Chemicals
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Ecotourism – tourism that supports the conservation and sustainable development of
ecologically unique areas
• Has become very popular lately
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Sect. 2 Objectives
• Define and give examples of endangered and threatened species.
• Describe several ways that species are being threatened with extinction globally.
• Explain which types of threats are having the largest impact on biodiversity.
• List areas of the world that have high levels of biodiversity and many threats to species.
• Compare the amount of biodiversity in the United States to that of the rest of the world.
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All species are considered one of these: depending on their natural
numbers
• Extant
• Threatened
• Endangered
• Extinct
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Extant – living animals
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Threatened – still abundant in its natural habitat but is likely to become endangered because
of their declining numbers
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Endangered – so few individuals that they are likely to become
extinct
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Extinct – no known individuals still alive
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Species most at risk
• Animals that are more likely to become extinct are those that:– Have small populations– Migrate– Need large or special habitats– Are exploited by humans
• Currently humans are the greatest cause of extinctions!
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Species can be threatened by
• Humans – Hunting– Loss of habitat (75% of
current extinctions)
• Deforestation• Damming• Burning• Growing cities• Pollution
– Poaching – Invasive species
• Natural Causes– Interbreeding– Natural Disaster– Disease
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Exotic – not native to an area
• When brought to a new area exotic species can cause the extinction of other species they out compete
• Ex: Fire Ant– Horny Toads (Desert Horned Lizard) eat ants– Fire ants (exotic species) kill horny toads. – Horny toads are now threatened!
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Generalist Species
• Species with a broad niche, can survive in many different places
HUMANS
Often are invasive species
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Specialist Species
Species with a narrow niche. Only live in a small range of environmental factors
Fewer if these because they can become extinct more readily
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Critical Areas
• Tropical Rain Forests – over half the worlds species live here– Most species have not been named, yet– But, lots of these are disappearing
• Due to habitat destruction by humans!
• Coral Reefs and Coastal areas
• Islands – why?
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Biodiversity Hotspots – high number of endemic species but are threatened by humans
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Madagascar
• Biodiversity Hotspot– Endemic Species
• 80% of plants • 91% of reptiles• 100% of lemurs (10% of worlds primate
population)
• Only 18% of the original forests remain!!
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Sect. 3 Objectives
• List and describe four types of efforts to save individual species.
• Explain the advantages of protecting entire ecosystems rather than individual species.
• Describe the main provisions of the Endangered Species Act.
• Discuss ways in which efforts to protect endangered species can lead to controversy.
• Describe three examples of worldwide cooperative efforts to prevent extinctions.
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Ch. 10 Ecolog• Read in your book, in Sect. 3, about the
following ways to save species. In your Ecolog write a brief description of each!– Captive-Breeding programs– Preserving Genetic Material– Zoos, etc.– Conservation Strategies
• Write a paragraph about why it is important to save species and the biodiversity around the world.