Ch. 1 Working in a Laboratory

8/9/2019 Ch. 1 Working in a Laboratory

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WORKING IN AWORKING IN ALABORATORYLABORATORYWORKING IN AWORKING IN ALABORATORYLABORATORY


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A science laboratory is a specially designed room

where you can carry out experiments safely.

How is it different?

Draw a large floor plan of your lab. Show the position of

each of the following and label them:

A science laboratory is a specially designed room

where you can carry out experiments safely.

How is it different?

Draw a large floor plan of your lab. Show the position of

each of the following and label them:

workbenches

teachers bench

gas shut off tap

water taps and sinks

power points & trip switch

exit door

workbenches

teachers bench

gas shut off tap

water taps and sinks

power points & trip switch

exit door

rubbish bin

fire extinguisher

fire blanket

sand bucket

first aid kit

safety shower & eye

bath

rubbish bin

fire extinguisher

fire blanket

sand bucket

first aid kit

safety shower & eye

bath


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1.1 Laboratory Equipment

Before you can experiment you need to be ableto identify laboratory equipment and know how

it is used.

1.1 Laboratory Equipment

Before you can experiment you need to be ableto identify laboratory equipment and know how

it is used.

beaker Conical

flask

Roundbottom

flask

CONTAINERSCONTAINERS


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test tubetest tube measuring

cylinder

measuring

cylinder

evaporating basinevaporating basin

watch glasswatch glass

Crucible &

pipeclay triangle

Crucible &

pipeclay triangle

CONTAINERSCONTAINERS


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test tube racktest tube rack

Test tube holderTest tube holder

metal tongsmetal tongs

metal standmetal stand

bossheadbosshead

clampclampStand &

clamp

Stand &

clamp

HOLDING THINGSHOLDING THINGS


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HEATING APPARATUSHEATING APPARATUS

Bunsen burnerBunsen burner

gauze matgauze mat

tripodtripod

heatproof matheatproof mat


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dropper bottledropper bottle

dropping bottledropping bottle

funnelfunnel

test tube

brush

test tube

brush spatulaspatula glass stirring rodglass stirring rod


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Equipment NameSize

(if container)Used for

beaker 50 -500 ml hold liquids

conical flask 50 -500 ml hold liquids

round bottom

flask

50 -500 ml hold liquids

test tube hold liquids

Measuring

cylinder

Measuring

liquids


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evaporating

basinheating liquids

strongly

watch glassLight heating of

solutions & holding

small amount of solid

crucible & lid

Pipeclay triangle

For heating to high

temperatures. Triangle

as support on tripod,

test tube rack for holding testtubes

test tubeholder

to hold single testtube

metal tongsholding small

objects, especially

when heating


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clamp

bosshead

Metal stand

stand & clamp for

supporting

apparatus

Bunsen

burner

gauze mat

tripod

Heatingapparatus


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dropper

bottle

dispensing

liquids one

drop at a time

dropping

bottle

dispensing

liquids one

drop at a time

funnelfiltering

spatulafor picking up

small amounts of

solids

glass

stirring rod

test tube

brush

cleaning test

tubes

stirring chemicals


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When science equipment is put together for an

experiment it is called apparatus

When drawing apparatus it is sufficient to draw a

2D instead of a 3D picture.

When science equipment is put together for an

experiment it is called apparatus

When drawing apparatus it is sufficient to draw a

2D instead of a 3D picture.

3D3D2D2D


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When you are drawing apparatus like this you

should:

use a pencil, for ease of correction

label the drawing using label lines

When you are drawing apparatus like this you

should:

use a pencil, for ease of correction

label the drawing using label lines

use a ruler for all straight lines dont use shading or colouring

There are plastic templates

available for drawing scientificapparatus.

use a ruler for all straight lines dont use shading or colouring

There are plastic templates

available for drawing scientificapparatus.


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Example of a plastic template.Example of a plastic template.


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Exercises

Q1 Copy the crossword into your notebook and

complete it.Q2 Mark each item in the equipment list below

with its use. Do this in a table form.

Exercises

Q1 Copy the crossword into your notebook and

complete it.Q2 Mark each item in the equipment list below

with its use. Do this in a table form.


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Tripod a general purpose glass container for small

amounts of material

Gauze mat for holding hot objects

Spatula placed on top of a tripod to spread heat

Test Tube you stand equipment on this when heating things

Beaker for picking up small amounts of solids

Bunsen Burner a general purpose glass container with a pouring

lip

Stand & Clamp used for heating things

Metal Tongs for holding equipment in place

Tripod a general purpose glass container for small

amounts of material

Gauze mat for holding hot objects

Spatula placed on top of a tripod to spread heat

Test Tube you stand equipment on this when heating things

Beaker for picking up small amounts of solids

Bunsen Burner a general purpose glass container with a pouring

lip

Stand & Clamp used for heating things

Metal Tongs for holding equipment in place


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Q3 Draw simple cross-sectional drawings of the

following pieces of equipment:

Q3 Draw simple cross-sectional drawings of the

following pieces of equipment:

test tubetest tube

beakerbeaker

funnelfunnel

Round

bottom flask

Round

bottom flask


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measuring cylindermeasuring cylinder

Evaporating basinEvaporating basin

Q4 Which equipment would you need to

(a) measure out exactly 20 ml of water?

(a) You measure 20 ml of water exactly with a

measuring cylinder.

Q4 Which equipment would you need to

(a) measure out exactly 20 ml of water?

(a) You measure 20 ml of water exactly with a

measuring cylinder.


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(b) heat a small volume of liquid?

(b) You heat a small volume of liquid in a watch

glass.

(c) heat a small amount of solid strongly?

(c) You heat a small amount of solid strongly in

an evaporating basin.

(d) take a small amount of powder from a bottle

and dissolve it in water?

(d) You pick up a small amounts of solid with

metal tongs and dissolve it in a test tube.

(b) heat a small volume of liquid?

(b) You heat a small volume of liquid in a watch

glass.

(c) heat a small amount of solid strongly?

(c) You heat a small amount of solid strongly in

an evaporating basin.

(d) take a small amount of powder from a bottle

and dissolve it in water?

(d) You pick up a small amounts of solid with

metal tongs and dissolve it in a test tube.


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(e) test whether a small piece of fabric will burn?

(e) You would test if the fabric would burn with a

Bunsen burner.

(f) boil about 200 ml of water?

(f) You would boil about 200 ml of water in a

beaker of capacity 250 ml or greater.

(g) add 2 drops of liquid A to about 5 ml of liquid

B?

(g) You would add the 2 drops with a dropper

bottle.

(e) test whether a small piece of fabric will burn?

(e) You would test if the fabric would burn with a

Bunsen burner.

(f) boil about 200 ml of water?

(f) You would boil about 200 ml of water in a

beaker of capacity 250 ml or greater.

(g) add 2 drops of liquid A to about 5 ml of liquid

B?

(g) You would add the 2 drops with a dropper

bottle.


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1.2 Safety in the laboratory

Many accidents can be avoided by keeping

alert and using common sense.

Eye injuries can be avoided by wearing eye

goggles.

Never point a test tube towards yourself or

anyone else

Poisoning can be caused by breathing in fumes

or by tasting chemicals or by absorption through

your skin.

1.2 Safety in the laboratory

Many accidents can be avoided by keeping

alert and using common sense.

Eye injuries can be avoided by wearing eye

goggles.

Never point a test tube towards yourself or

anyone else

Poisoning can be caused by breathing in fumes

or by tasting chemicals or by absorption through

your skin.


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Cuts are caused mainly by broken glass.

Burns can be caused by touching hotequipment, spilling hot liquids, from the

Bunsen burner or chemical burns.

Fires are always possible when using burners.

If your hair is long it can catch fire. It needs to

be tied back.

Damage to clothing and skin can occur when

acids and alkalis spill. For this reason youshould wear a lab coat.

Damage to the laboratory from blocked sinks,

Cuts are caused mainly by broken glass.

Burns can be caused by touching hotequipment, spilling hot liquids, from the

Bunsen burner or chemical burns.

Fires are always possible when using burners.

If your hair is long it can catch fire. It needs to

be tied back.

Damage to clothing and skin can occur when

acids and alkalis spill. For this reason youshould wear a lab coat.

Damage to the laboratory from blocked sinks,


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The bench can be scorched during heating if

you fail to use a heatproof mat.

The bench can be scorched during heating if

you fail to use a heatproof mat.

toxictoxic

flammableflammable

corrosivecorrosive


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Exercises

Q1 Look at the cartoon showing Ian and Penny

in the laboratory.

Exercises

Q1 Look at the cartoon showing Ian and Penny

in the laboratory.


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(a)What has happened toIan?

(b) What was he trying to

do?(c) What did he do wrong?

(a)What has happened toIan?

(b) What was he trying to

do?(c) What did he do wrong?

(d) What should Penny tell him to do?

Q2 (activity see book)

Q3 Poster design.

(d) What should Penny tell him to do?

Q2 (activity see book)

Q3 Poster design.


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Q4 Explain what is

unsafe in thetwo situations.

Q5 A school has

the following

rules for it

science laboratory:

Q4 Explain what is

unsafe in thetwo situations.

Q5 A school has

the following

rules for it

science laboratory:

leave bags outside,

wear shoes with leather uppers, and

clean and put away all equipment when you

are finished with it.

Explain why you think each rule is necessary.

leave bags outside,

wear shoes with leather uppers, and

clean and put away all equipment when you

are finished with it.

Explain why you think each rule is necessary.


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1.3 Using a Bunsen burner

In a Bunsen the gas from the gas jet mixes with

air drawn through the hole at the base of the

barrel producing a very hot (1500 C, blue)

flame. If you shut off the hole the flame burns

with less heat (yellow flame)

1.3 Using a Bunsen burner

In a Bunsen the gas from the gas jet mixes with

air drawn through the hole at the base of the

barrel producing a very hot (1500 C, blue)

flame. If you shut off the hole the flame burns

with less heat (yellow flame)

barrelbarrel

air holeair hole

basebase

collarcollar


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Air hole closed yellow flame

The yellow flame is easy to see. It is used

when you have to leave burner burning

when not in use.

Air hole open blue heating flame

The blue flame is very hot (1500 C) and

hard to see.

Air hole closed yellow flame

The yellow flame is easy to see. It is used

when you have to leave burner burning

when not in use.

Air hole open blue heating flame

The blue flame is very hot (1500 C) and

hard to see.


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Heating techniques before doing

Experiment number1.

Heating techniques before doing

Experiment number1.


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Ch. 1 Working in a Laboratory

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