Ch 1 The Science of Psychology The Science of Psychology Chapter 1.

Ch 1 The Science of Psychology

The Science of PsychologyThe Science of Psychology

Chapter 1Chapter 1


Chapter Overview

I. The Nature of Psychology

II. The Scope of Psychology

III. Methods

IV. Issues

VIII. Review


I. The Nature of PsychologyA. “The Common Sense

Psychology Quiz”B. The Scientist v. the

Psychologist: A Dramatic Demonstration

C. Definition and Goals



A. “The Common Sense Psychology Quiz”

B. The Scientist v. the Psychologist: A Dramatic Demonstration




1. The titles “psychologist” and “psychiatrist” refer to the same

profession.

False


2. Psychologists study behavior and the mind, but not biology.

False


3. Most psychologists believe that ESP exists.

False


4. A person who is blind in one eye can’t see depth and therefore can’t

fly an airplane.

False


5. Some people never dream.

False


6. When we sleep, the brain sleeps as well.

False


7. Negative reinforcement is the same as punishment.

False


8. We can’t do much to improve our memory.

False


9. Eyewitness testimony is some of the best evidence used by police

and in court trials.

False


10. In order to be creative, a person must be very intelligent.

False


11. A person’s intelligence is partially determined by brain size.

False


12. Instinct determines many of our behaviors.

False


13. The more motivated and aroused you are, the better your

performance will be.

False


14. We can train babies to walk at an early age.

False


15. There is not much society can do to help the mentally retarded.

False


16. All psychologists do is therapy.

False


17. Shock treatment is often used for people with anxiety.

False


18. A correlation between two variables means that one of those

variables causes the other.

False


19. Most of us would not follow instructions from an authority figure

to hurt another person.

False


20. Opposite types of people attract each other.

False


21. A person with schizophrenia has a split personality.

False


22. How a person shows he is happy depends on his culture and

up bringing.

False


23. Most old people have some degree of senility.

False


24. Many People come through adolescence with emotional scars

and conflicts.

False


25. People with hypochondriasis pretend to be sick.

False



A. “The Common Sense Psychology Quiz”

B. The Scientist v. the Psychologist: A Dramatic Demonstration




1. Definition:

2. Goals




1. Definition:2. Goals

a. To understandb. To explainc. To predictd. To control




A. A Time Line

B. Perspectives


Wilhelm Wundt establishes the first psychology laboratory at the University of Leipzig, Germany (1879).

William James publishes Principles of Psychology in the United States (1890).

Ivan Pavlov in Russia begins to publish his classic studies of animal learning (1906).

G. Stanley Hall establishes the first American psychology laboratory at Johns Hopkins University (1883).

Sigmund Freud in Austria introduces his psychoanalytic theory in The Interpretation of Dreams (1900).

John B. Watson in the United States champions psychology as the science of behavior (1913)

Edward L. Thorndike in the United States conducts the first experiments on animal learning (1898),

Herman Ebbinghaus in Germany reports the first experiments on memory (1885).

Alfred Binet devises the first intelligence test for use with Parisian schoolchildren (1905).

American Psychological Association is founded (1892),

http://www.cbu.edu/arts/psych/general/wundt.jpg

http://www.top-psychology.com/9066-Hermann%20Ebbinghaus/

http://www.top-psychology.com/0050-Sigmund%20Frued/

http://www.top-psychology.com/0024-Ivan%20Pavlov/

http://www.top-psychology.com/9006-John%20Watson/

http://www.top-psychology.com/9002-William%20James/

http://www.top-psychology.com/9041-Alfred%20Binet/

http://www.top-psychology.com/9085-Hall%20Stanley/

http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=www.ittheory.com/thordike.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.ittheory.com/thornd.htm&hl=en&h=342&w=225&prev=/images%3Fq%3DEdward%2Bthorndike%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Den%26lr%3D%26ie%3DUTF-8%26oe%3DUTF-8%26sa%3DG


A. A Time Line

B. Perspectives



B. Perspectives (textbook p. 14)

1. The Metaphor2. Research the Perspectives from

your book3. Stand in the Place Where You Stand4. The Great Debate



Research Perspectives

a. Biology How the body and brain create emotions, memories, and sensory experiences

b. Learning How the environment shapes behaviorc. Psychoanalysis How behavior springs from unconscious drives

and conflictsd. Humanism Our capacity to choose our life patterns and not

just be driven by unconscious forces or shaped by environment.e. Social/cultural How behavior and thinking vary across situations

and culturesf. Cognition How we process, store, and retrieve informationg. Evolution Adaptational behaviors increase the ability of the

specie to reproduce and pass those traits to the next generation




your book3. Stand in the Place Where You Stand4. The Great Debate





your book3. Stand in the Place Where You Stand

• Supplemental readings• Prepare to defend your position

4. The Great Debate



Questions for your consideration:• Why is he so aggressive?

• Why do babies cry?

• Why does he act so strangely?

• Why did he get his PhD?

• Why is she so illogical?

4. The Great Debate


III. MethodsA. Correlation

B. Survey Research

C. Naturalistic Observation

D. Case Studies/The Clinical Method

E. The Experiment


III. Methods

A. Correlation

B. Survey Research



E. The Experiment


III. Methods

A. Correlation1. Big Explanation

2. “Life After TV”


III. Methods

A. Correlation

B. Survey Research



E. The Experiment


♥ E. The Experiment ♥

1. Hypothesis2. Population3. Sample4. Random Assignment5. Experimental Group6. Control Group7. Variable8. Independent Variable (IV)9. Dependent Variable (DV)10. Experimenter Effects & Other Confounds

III. Methods


Summary of Experimental Design:

Independent VariableThe experimental factor you manipulate; the

treatment itself.Dependent VariableThe behavior observed; the factor that might

be affected by changes in the IVExperimental ConditionThe condition that exposes subjects to the IVControl ConditionA condition identical to the experimental one,

except subjects are not exposed to the IV


IV. IssuesA. “Open-minded skepticism”

B. Ethics


IV. Issues

A. “Open-minded skepticism”

B. Ethics


C. Pseudo psychology

Dramatic Demonstration: The Zodiac

E Aries (Mar 21-Apr 19) K Libra (Sep 23-Oct 22)B Taurus (Apr 20-May 20) H Scorpio (Oct 23-Nov 21)C Gemini (May 21-Jun 21) I Sagittarius (Nov 22-Dec 21)A Cancer (Jun 22-Jul 22) L Capricorn (Dec 22-Jan

19)F Leo (Jul 23-Aug 22) J Aquarius (Jan 20-Feb 18)D Virgo (Aug 23-Sep 22) G Pisces (Feb 19-Mar 20)


Additional Key TermsPsychometric psychologists

Clinical psychologists

Developmental psychologists

Gestalt psychologists

Personality psychologists

Social psychologists

Experimental psychologists


Additional Key Terms

Structuralism

Conditioning

Reinforcement

Modeling

Subject

Experimenter Bias


Additional Key TermsModern approach to psychology

Behavioral Psychologists

Humanistic Psychologists

Existential Psychologists

Cognitive Psychologists


Additional Key TermsPsychometric psychologists

Clinical psychologists

Developmental psychologists

Gestalt psychologists

Personality psychologists

Social psychologists

Experimental psychologists

Ch 1 The Science of Psychology The Science of Psychology Chapter 1.

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