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CGIAR Research Program on Forests, Trees and Agroforestry January-June 2012

R e p o R t

R e p o r t

CGIAR Research Program on Forests, Trees and Agroforestry January-June 2012

This CGIAR Research Program on Forests, Trees and Agroforestry report covers the period January-June 2012. It reports on progress against Output Targets contained in the Program's Operational Plan (2012-2015) available from www.cifor.org/crp6/research-portfolio. Due to the offset funding cycle, pre–2012 activities funded under the Program are also included in this report. The report provides an overview of progress towards stated deliverables, the majority of which are either already completed, or on track for completion in 2012. According to the information contained in this report, very few deliverables will not be met in 2012. The five research components and the three cross-cutting themes have reported on progress independently, and reporting styles and the level of information provided varies significantly between them. This will be addressed in future progress reports. This report can be accessed from www.cifor.org/crp6 or by emailing [email protected]

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Reports © 2012 Center for International Forestry Research All rights reserved CIFOR 2012 CGIAR Research Program on Forests, Trees and Agroforestry: January-June 2012. Report. CIFOR, Bogor, Indonesia.

Cover photo by Luke Preece/CIFOR Village scenery, Van Ban, Vietnam. CIFOR Jl. CIFOR, Situ Gede Bogor Barat 16115 Indonesia T +62 (251) 8622-622 F +62 (251) 8622-100 E [email protected] cifor.org Center for International Forestry Research CIFOR advances human wellbeing, environmental conservation and equity by conducting research to inform policies and practices that affect forests in developing countries. CIFOR is a CGIAR Consortium Research Center. CIFOR’s headquarters are in Bogor, Indonesia. It also has offices in Asia, Africa and South America.

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Table of contents Component 6.1: Smallholder production systems and markets 1

Component 6.2: Management and conservation of forest and tree resources 9

Component 6.3: Landscape management for environmental services, biodiversity conservation and livelihoods 16

Component 6.4: Climate change adaptation and mitigation 23

Component 6.5: Impacts of trade and investment on forests and people 31

Gender 37

Sentinel landscapes 39

Communications 42

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This report presents the degree of achievement of the agreed outputs in the operational plan 2012-2014 for the first six months of 2012 using a simple color code:

• completed

• on going

• delayed or facing specific problems

This color coding is complemented by a brief explanation of the nature of the output, the progress made or difficulties encountered.

CRP on Forests, Trees and Agroforestry Report, January-June 2012

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Component 6.1: Smallholder production systems and markets

Theme 6.1.1. Enhancing productivity and sustainability of smallholder forestry and agroforestry practices, including food security and nutritional benefits, through better management of production systems Outcome: NARES (including NGO sector) promotes, and farmers adopt, improved tree germplasm and management options appropriate to local circumstances that increase the productivity and sustainability of smallholder farm and forest systems. Output 6.1.1.1. Nucleus amounts of high quality and locally appropriate tree germplasm selected, bred and distributed, together with propagation options Improved sexual and vegetative germplasm of priority tree species developed and procured, and corresponding propagation protocols and extension manuals made available for implementing partners

Sexual and vegetative propagation techniques under development for Dacryodes macrophylla, Pentaclethra macrophylla, Garcinia lucidia, Gnetum africanum, Kola spp. and Annoni diummannii in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) and Allanblackia stuhlmannii in Tanzania. Propagation protocol of Allanblackia spp. being updated. Draft of generic vegetative propagation manual for agroforestry species under review. Information leaflet on uses and propagation options developed for seven species. Key publications: 1. Tchoundjeu, Z., Asaah, E., Bayala, J., Kalinganire, A. and

M’ngomba, S. 2012 Vegetative propagation techniques. In: Dawson, I., Harwood, C., Jamnadass, R. and Beniest, J. (eds.) Agroforestry tree domestication: a primer, 110-117. World Agroforestry Centre ICRAF, Nairobi, Kenya.

2. Asaah, E.K. 2012 Beyond vegetative propagation of indigenous fruit trees: case of Dacryodesedulis G. Don H.J. Lam and Allanblackia floribunda Oliv. PhD Thesis, Ghent University, Belgium.

Mapping of ecological areas and farming systems in which high-value agroforestry tree species like Bassio, Mangifera, Faidherbia, and Ziziphus can grow well

Key indexing criteria were prepared for describing the ecological conditions and farming systems for Bassio, Mangifera, Faidherbia and Ziziphus. Presentations were made at three national-level meetings in India.

Capacity strengthening in NARES to characterise tree gentoypes and phenotypic expression in different environments and hence the participatory development of appropriate tree ideotypes for local circumstances

Characterization done of Chrysophyllum albidum fruits in three ecological zones in Nigeria and Dacryodes macrophylla, Pentaclethra macropylla and Gnetum africanum in Cameroon. Key publications: 1. Asaah, E.K. 2012 Beyond vegetative propagation of

indigenous fruit trees: case of Dacryodesedulis G. Don H.J. Lam and Allanblackia floribunda Oliv. PhD Thesis, Ghent University, Belgium.

2. Van Damme, P. and Kindt, R. 2012 Ethnobotanical methods. In: Dawson, I., Harwood, C., Jamnadass, R. and Beniest, J. (eds.) Agroforestry tree domestication: a primer. World Agroforestry Centre ICRAF, Nairobi, Kenya.

3. Franzel, S. and Kindt, R. 2012 Species priority setting procedures. In: Dawson, I., Harwood, C., Jamnadass, R. and Beniest, J. (eds.) Agroforestry tree domestication: a primer, 36-45. World Agroforestry Centre ICRAF, Nairobi, Kenya.


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Participatory domestication of trees with emphasis on functional uses

Promotion done of the domestication of Pentaclethramacrophylla (oil and medicinal value), Garcinialucidia (medicinal value), Gnetumafricanum (food, medicinal and colouring value) and Annonidiummannii (food and medicine) in the DRC. Leaflet on uses and propagation options for Pentaclethramacrophylla, Garcinialucidia, Gnetumafricanum and Annonidiummannii disseminated to extension staff and other partners. Key publications: 1. Kindt, R. Holding Anyonge, C. and Carsan, S. 2012

Participatory rural appraisal approaches. In: Dawson, I., Harwood, C., Jamnadass, R. and Beniest, J. (eds.) Agroforestry tree domestication: a primer, 21-27. World Agroforestry Centre ICRAF, Nairobi, Kenya.

2. Mbora, A. and Dawson, I. 2012 Seed production methods. In: Dawson, I., Harwood, C., Jamnadass, R. and Beniest, J. (eds.) Agroforestry tree domestication: a primer, 102-109. World Agroforestry Centre ICRAF, Nairobi, Kenya.

3. Jamnadass, R., Dawson, I., Ofori, D. and Leakey, R. 2012 Tree domestication for small scale farmers. In: Dawson, I., Harwood, C., Jamnadass, R., Beniest, J. (eds.) Agroforestry tree domestication: a primer, 9-19. World Agroforestry Centre ICRAF, Nairobi, Kenya.

Output 6.1.1.2. Tree management options developed for forests and farms Agroforestry management options as alternatives to monoculture rubber

Extension materials and journal paper are in preparation in China.

Options for integrating trees with conservation agriculture

National and local best practice guidelines are in preparation for Kenya, Tanzania, Ethiopia and Malawi, and comparative analyses amongst countries has begun.

Local knowledge about tree management in crop fields documented and accessible

Electronic knowledge bases and guides have been completed for Tanzania and Kenya; researcher is now working on comparative analysis across countries.

Local knowledge about ecosystem services of trees in coffee farms documented and accessible

Electronic knowledge bases are available for Costa Rica, Nicaragua, Guatemala, Kenya, Rwanda, Uganda and India. A journal paper for Costa Rica has been published; manuscripts for Nicaragua, Guatemala and East Africa are in preparation. Key publication:

Cerdán, C.R., Rebolledo, M.C., Soto, G., Rapidel, B. and Sinclair, F.L. 2012 Local knowledge of impacts of tree cover on ecosystem services in smallholder coffee production systems. Agricultural Systems 110: 119-130.

Impacts of tree litter mixtures on abundance, diversity and function of soil organisms

Data analysis is complete, and the first manuscript from research at Kiberashi Sentinel Site (Tanzania) is in preparation. Global overview book chapter published:

Barrios, E., Sileshi, G.W., Shepherd, K. and Sinclair, F. 2012 Agroforestry and soil health: linking trees, soil biota and ecosystem services. In: Wall, D.H. (ed.) The Oxford handbook of soil ecology and ecosystem services, 315-330. Oxford University Press, Oxford, UK.


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Sustainable intensification options for cocoa agroforests

A report on options has been produced (Vaast), and a proposal to develop tools for selecting tree species and management options has been developed (Smith et al.) and forwarded to the management of the Mars-funded Vision for Change project in Cote d’Ivoire.

Synthesis of principles for interventions to improve technical management of timber and non-timber resources for smallholder and community forestry

Multiple papers are at the draft stage, including the following: 1. Purnomo, H. 2011 A systems dynamics approach to

balancing wood supply and demand for sustaining furniture industry, originally presented at the Modeling and Simulation Conference in Perth, Australia, December 2011.

2. Balinga, M.P.B., Zougouri, S., Karambiri, M., Zida, M. and Suwadu, S.J. Emerging issues in ensuring equitable access to resources and benefits from non-timber forest products (NTFPs) in Burkina Faso, originally presented at the Society for Study of Ethnobiology meeting in Montpellier.

Analysis of women’s participation in forest management decisions of IFRI data set

Key publications: 1. Mwangi, E., Meinzen-Dick, R. and Sun, Y. 2011 Gender

and sustainable forest management in East Africa and Latin America. Ecology and Society 16(1): 17. http://www.ecologyandsociety.org/vol16/iss1/art17.

2. Yan, S., Mwangi, E., Meinzen-Dick, R., Bose, P., Shanley, P., Da Silva, F.C. and Macdonald, T. 2012 Forests: gender, property rights and access. Infobrief No. 47, CIFOR, Bogor, Indonesia.

Training on sustainable fuelwood production practices

A report and policy brief are in progress.

Analysis of management practices for gums and resins produced by smallholders

Key publications: 1. Abebaw, D., Kassa, H., Kassie, G.T., Lemenih, M.,

Campbell, B. and Teka, W. 2012 Dry forest based livelihoods in resettlement areas of Northwestern Ethiopia. Forest Policy and Economics 20: 72-77. doi: 10.1016/j.forpol.2012.02.002.

2. Lemenih, M., Kassa, H., Kassie, G.T., Abebaw, D. and Teka, W. 2011 Resettlement and woodland management problems and options: a case study from a resettlement district in northwestern Ethiopia. Land Degradation & Development, online version. doi: 10.1002/ldr.2136.

3. Lemenih, M. and Kassa, H. (eds.) 2011 Opportunities and challenges for sustainable production and marketing of gums and resins in Ethiopia. CIFOR, Bogor, Indonesia. http://www.cifor.org/publications/pdf_files/Books/BKassa1102.pdf.

4. Lemenih, M. and Kassa, H. 2011 Management guide for sustainable production of frankincense. A manual for extension workers and companies managing dry forests for resin production and marketing. CIFOR, Bogor, Indonesia. http://www.cifor.org/publications/pdf_files/Books/BKassa1101.pdf.


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Comparison of nutritional and organoleptic properties of fruits under diverse agroforestry arrangements

CIAT are committed to completion of 2012 outputs but have not forwarded specific details of this output target as yet.

Output 6.1.1.3. Tools that match tree species and management options to sites and circumstances developed and tested for use on smallholder farms and forests Tree selection and management guidelines for agroforestry practices to control sediment flow and improve rural livelihoods around Lake Tanganyika

Country-specific field manuals and tools have been developed for Tanzania, DRC and Zambia, and extension staff have been trained in their use. Positive feedback has been received from the UNDP GEF Lake Tanganyika project. Key publications: 1. Smith, E., Kuria, A., Muthuri, C., Nangole, E., Kindt, R. and

Sinclair, F. 2012 Agroforestry interventions to reduce sedimentation and improve livelihoods in the Tanzanian catchment demonstration sites of Lake Tanganyika. World Agroforestry Centre ICRAF, Nairobi, Kenya.

2. Smith, E., Kuria, A., Muthuri, C., Kindt, R. and Sinclair, F. 2012 Interventions agroforestieres pour lutter contre l’erosion et lapauvrete dans les bassins du Lac Tanganyika, République Démocratique du Congo (RDC). World Agroforestry Centre ICRAF, Nairobi, Kenya.

3. Smith, E., Kuria, A., Muthuri, C., Kindt, R. and Sinclair, F. 2012 Agroforestry interventions to reduce sedimentation and improve livelihoods in the Zambian catchment demonstration sites of Lake Tanganyika. World Agroforestry Centre ICRAF, Nairobi, Kenya.

Regional probability maps for performance of tree interventions in crop fields

Analysis is complete; maps have been produced; and journal manuscript (Coe et al.) has been drafted and circulated for final review by coauthors.

Identification of sites and conditions under which hydraulic redistribution by parkland trees benefits crops

Data have been collected and analysis is in progress. Seasonal patterns emerging from data suggest that the pattern of rainfall in any particular year may determine whether overall benefit from hydraulic redistribution by trees outweighs competition for water.

Development of high-resolution species distribution maps and guidelines for their application for selection of tree species for present and future climates

Version 1.1 of the Vegetation and Climate Change in East Africa (VECEA) map will be made available to the general public in August 2012. (Version 1.0 and seven volumes of documentation are available at http://sl.life.ku.dk/English/outreach_publications/computerbased_tools/vegetation_climate_change_eastern_africa.aspx.)

Identification of key tree attributes that affect species-to-site matching and their occurrence in tree databases

Species selection tools based on attributes provided in references on useful tree species (such as useful tree and shrub species for Kenya) will be made available for the new version of the VECEA map in August 2012. Species selection methods for useful tree species for Africa will be improved by the end of 2012 (mainly by incorporating the star-rating system of Plant Resources of Tropical Africa). A cross-regional concept note is under development with Bioversity.


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Theme 6.1.2. Increasing income generation and market integration for smallholders through utilisation of forestry and agroforestry options Outcome: Smallholder farmers and forest users become more aware of market operations and interact more effectively with other actors in value chains to gain better access to markets and realise higher value from their products. Output 6.1.2.1. Rapid market appraisal tools developed to evaluate tree products Inventory and assessment of methods for value chain development and how methods can be improved to better address needs and circumstances of stakeholders

Inventory has been completed and published. A draft of the assessment is available.

Assessment of producers’ motivations for participating in collective action for marketing produce, and comparison of motivations with actual benefits earned

Paper on motivations for participation has been completed and submitted; paper on benefits is in progress.

Assessment of opportunities for adding value to native cacao diversity

Bioversity have not indicated any problems in delivering this output, but no specific information on its progress has been received.

Assessment of business opportunities for palm species in the humid tropics

CIAT are committed to completion of 2012 outputs but have not forwarded specific details of this output target.

Output 6.1.2.2. Marketing strategies assessed Value chain studies on NTFPs, fuelwood and charcoal

Several papers have been published; additional papers and policy briefs have been drafted. Key publications: 1. Shackleton, S., Paumgarten, F., Kassa, H., Husselman, M.

and Zida, M. 2011 Opportunities for enhancing poor women’s socioeconomic empowerment in the value chains of three African non-timber forest products (NTFPs). International Forestry Review 13(2): 136-151. http://www.cifor.org/publications/pdf_files/articles/AShackleton1101.pdf.

2. Shackleton, S., Paumgarten, F., Kassa, H., Husselman, M., Zida, M., Purnomo, H., Irawati, R.H., Fauzan, A.U. and Melati. 2012 Forests, gender and value chains. CIFOR Infobrief No. 49. CIFOR, Bogor, Indonesia.

3. Schure, J. 2012 Woodfuel and producers’ livelihoods in the Congo Basin. In: Arts, B., Van Bommel, S., Ros-Tonen, M. and Verschoor, G. (eds.) Forest people interfaces, 87-102. Wageningen Academic Publishers, Netherlands.

4. Schure, J., Marien, J.-N., de Wasseige, C., Drigo, R., Salbitano, F., Dirou, S. and Nkoua, M. 2012 Contribution of woodfuel to meet the energy needs of the population of Central Africa: prospects for sustainable management of available resources. In: de Wasseige, C., de Marcken, P., Bayol, N., Hiol Hiol, F., Mayaux, P., Desclée, B., Nasi, R., Billand, A., Defourny, P. and Eba’a, R. (eds.) The forest of the Congo Basin—state of the forest 2010, 109-122. Publications Office of the European Union, Luxembourg.


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Analysis of furniture value chains in Indonesia

Book chapter published: Fauzan, A.U. and Purnomo, H. 2012 Uncovering the complexity: an essay on the benefits of the value chain approach to global crisis studies—a case study from Jepara, Indonesia. In: Suter, C. and Herkenrath, M. (eds.) World society in the global economic crisis, 149-169. Lit Verlag, Munster, Westphalia. http://www.cifor.org/online-library/browse/view-publication/publication/3782.html

A synthesis paper is in draft form. Output 6.1.2.3. Guidelines for improving quality assurance systems developed Development of guidelines for evaluating the poverty impact of value chain approaches

The guidelines have been published. A policy brief and lessons paper are in progress.

Outcome: Government and NGO extension providers and the private input supply sector use more effective means to disseminate agroforestry options. Output 6.1.2.4. Decision support frameworks developed for designing extension approaches for agroforestry interventions Assessment of the effectiveness of the farmer trainers program in East Africa in spreading knowledge and promoting innovations and capacity to innovate

Surveys have been completed; a draft paper and draft policy brief are available.

Establishment of pilot rural resource centres for trainers and provision of production and marketing services to farmers

Rural resource centres have been established in Cameroon, DRC, and Tanzania.

Assessment of seed and seedling systems for both high-value and high-volume species

A supporting case study is underway for Cameroon. Bioversity are committed to producing an assessment of multiplication technologies for cacao, but no specific information on progress has been received. Key publication:

Pye-Smith, C. 2012 Falling by the wayside: improving the availability of high-quality tree seeds and seedlings would benefit hundreds of millions of small-scale farmers. ICRAF Trees for Change No. 11. World Agroforestry Centre ICRAF, Nairobi, Kenya.

Theme 6.1.3. Improving policies and institutions to enhance social assets and secure rights to forests, trees and land Outcome: National and local institutions develop, implement and negotiate policies, legislation and regulatory norms that remove barriers to tree retention and use in agricultural and forest margin landscapes and encourage their contribution to rural livelihoods. Output 6.1.3.1. Review of policies, laws and regulations affecting smallholder and community access and use of forest and tree resources Analysis of forest tenure mosaics in Amazon

Substantial analysis of Ecuador and Peru cases has been completed; reports are in process; synthesis is to be completed by the end of 2012.


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Analysis of gender-relevant laws and policies in community forestry

Key publications: 1. Mukasa, C., Tibazalika, A., Mango, A. and Muloki, H.N.

2012 Gender and forestry in Uganda: policy, legal and institutional frameworks. CIFOR Infobrief No. 53. CIFOR, Bogor, Indonesia.

2. Banana, A.Y., Bukenya, M., Arinaitwe, E., Birabwa, B. and Ssekindi, S. 2012 Gender, tenure and community forests in Uganda. CIFOR Infobrief No. 50. CIFOR, Bogor, Indonesia.

3. Mairena et al. in press. Gender and forests in Nicaragua’s indigenous territories: from national policy to local practice. CIFOR Working Paper. CIFOR, Bogor, Indonesia.

Recommendation for policies for sustainable fuelwood production in DRC

A paper is in progress.

Analysis of oil palm development in Cameroon

A paper is in progress.

Analysis of small-scale furniture production policy

Key publication: Irawati, R.H. and Purnomo, H. 2012 Pelangi di Tanah Kartini: Kisah aktor mebel Jepara bertahan dan melangkah ke depan [Rainbow in Kartini’s land]. 177p. CIFOR, Bogor, Indonesia. Publication consists of several chapters including a discussion of policy. http://www.cifor.org/online-library/browse/view-publication/publication/3860.html.

Analysis of policy constraints to agroforestry

Compilation of analyses from India, Malawi, Brazil and Kenya is in progress.

Agroforestry guidelines for policy makers

Global guidelines are in preparation with FAO.

Analysis of rights systems for managing trees on landscapes

A publication is being prepared jointly between CIFOR and ICRAF.

Identification of constraints to certified fruit and tree crop production

Standards for agroforestry tree seed have been developed; a working paper is in preparation.

Identification of main obstacles and opportunities in current national policies and legislation for sustainable delivery of quality fruit tree germplasm to smallholder farmers

Olu Ajayi, who was scheduled to lead development of a working paper (with Isaac Nyoka and Simon M’ngomba), has left ICRAF; terms of reference for a consultant to be engaged to fill in for Olu are being drawn up.

Development of guidelines for policies to support small-scale commercial seed and seedling producers, public sector, NGOs and other developmental agencies involved in dissemination of planting materials

Olu Ajayi, who was scheduled to lead development of a publication (with Isaac Nyoka and Simon M’ngomba), has left ICRAF; terms of reference for a consultant to be engaged to fill in for Olu are being drawn up.

Output 6.1.3.2. Frameworks and tools developed to support negotiations for use of land and trees across differing knowledge systems Local and global scientific knowledge combined to promote tree diversity in coffee agroforestry systems

Initial CAFNET tool specifications have been developed and are now being implemented.


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Development and testing of methods for collecting and collating local knowledge about tree attributes

A methodological guide for acquiring farmer knowledge on tree attributes has been developed and tested in three countries, and a tool has been developed to analyse the resulting data. A workshop was conducted in Nampula, Mozambique, using the InPaC-S Methodological Guide for capacity building of IIAM researchers and their partners in extension, universities and local government. General methods for collecting tree attributes affecting soil quality have been set out in a new publication:

InPaC-S: participatory knowledge integration on indicators of soil quality—methodological guide. World Agroforestry Centre ICRAF, Embrapa, CIAT, 178 p.

Output 6.1.3.3. Syntheses of case studies on constraints, barriers and access rights developed Analysis of problems and opportunities of forest tenure reforms for smallholders and communities

Key publication: Larson and Pulhin, eds. 2012 Special issue: Forest tenure reforms, Conservation and Society 10(2), 11 articles. http://www.conservationandsociety.org/.

Analysis of governance challenges and opportunities in newly formed and/or titled indigenous territories

Key publications: 1. Larson and Soto, eds. in press. Territorialidad y

gobernanza: tejiendo retos en los territorios indigenas de la RAAN. Nitlapan, CADPI, URACCAN, Managua, Nicaragua.

2. Larson and Mendoza-Lewis. in press. Decentralisation and devolution in Nicaragua’s North Atlantic autonomous region: natural resources and indigenous peoples’ rights. International Journal of the Commons.

A draft article has been submitted for publication to Development and Change: Larson and Cronkleton, Formalizing indigenous commons: the role of ‘authority’ in the formation of territories in Nicaragua, Bolivia and the Philippines.

Analysis of barriers to management of tree cover in landscapes in the Sahel

Data have been collected; analysis is in progress.

Global synthesis on seed and seedling supply systems for agroforestry species

Draft manuscript will be available by the end of August.

Output 6.1.3.4. Impact model developed and tested Explicit statements of (a) theory of change in the impact model for the component and (b) baseline characterisation of contexts where it will be tested

Progress has been made at the CRP level to review component-level outcomes that will assist in articulation of the theory of change at the component level consistent with its nested position within the CRP.


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Component 6.2: Management and conservation of forest and tree resources

Theme 6.2.1. Understanding the threats to populations of important tree species and formulating effective, efficient and equitable genetic conservation strategies Outcome: Decision makers at the local, national and international levels adopt effective portfolios of strategies and gender-sensitive guidelines for conservation and sustainable use of genetic resources of priority tree species to meet the needs of men and women stakeholders. Output 6.2.1.1. Understanding the threats to populations of important tree species Criteria for prioritizing tree species based on value, status and threats

Vegetation maps for seven African countries have been completed. A chapter on species prioritization has been completed for the Tree Domestication Manual. Knowledge has been generated and disseminated about use of food tree species in Africa during food shortage times, the relationship to the health of young children, and threats to the important tree species. Data analysis and interpretation are on-going. An atlas of distribution and threats to at least 50 neotropical forest tree species is in review; publication is anticipated in 2013. An article from this work has been submitted to the journal PLoS ONE: Thomas et al., Reflections on spatial diversity patterns of Theobroma cacao L. in tropical America. Key publications: 1. Franzel, S., Kindt, R. 2012 Species priority setting

procedures. In: Dawson, I., Harwood, C., Jamnadass, R. and Beniest, J. (eds.) Agroforestry tree domestication: a primer. The World Agroforestry Centre, Nairobi, Kenya, pp. 36-45. http://www.worldagroforestry.org/downloads/publications/PDFs/TM17346.PDF.

2. Jalonen, R., van Zonneveld, M., Thomas, E., Gaisberger, H., Vinceti, B., Hong, L.T. and Loo, J. 2012. Identifying tree populations for conservation action through geospatial analyses. Multinational and Transboundary Conservation of Valuable and Endangered Forest Tree Species, Guangzhou, China, 5-7 December 2011. IUFRO World Series 30 (2012): 98-101.

3. van Zonneveld, M., Scheldeman, X., Escribano, P., Viruel, M.A., Van Damme, P., Garcia, W., Tapia, C., Romero, J., Sigueñas, M. and Hormaza, J.I. 2012. Mapping genetic diversity of cherimoya (Annona cherimola Mill.): Application of spatial analysis for conservation and use of plant genetic resources. PLoS ONE 7(1): e29845. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0029845. http://www.plosone.org/article/info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0029845.


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Output 6.2.1.2. Effective, efficient and equitable genetic conservation strategies Conservation and sustainable management guidelines and strategies for priority species

Guidelines for management of genetic resources of two important Dipterocarp species in Malaysia have been developed and made available. Draft guidelines have been prepared for forestry officials with the Malaysian Agriculture and Development Institute. Guidelines for conservation and sustainable management of Prunus africana have been developed for local distribution. An article was submitted for publication in PLoS ONE: Vinceti et al., Conservation priorities for Prunus africana defined with the aid of spatial analysis of genetic data and climatic variables. Key publication:

van Zonneveld, M., Gutierrez, J., Holmgren, M. 2012. Shrub facilitation increases plant diversity along an arid scrubland-temperate rainforest boundary in South America. Journal of Vegetation Science. doi: 10.1111/j.1654-1103.2011.01379.x. http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1654-1103.2011.01379.x/abstract.

Output 6.2.1.3. Strengthened capacity and increased awareness Education materials, training, and mentoring

An ASO fellow and at least one graduate student have been selected and mentored. The 2011 fellowship is on-going as planned, to be completed by 31 October. The 2012 fellowships have been announced; an MSc fellow from Reading University is studying forest genetic resources education, co-supervised by Bioversity. At least two short courses using the FGR training guide and/or GIS training for analysing and visualizing status and threats to genetic diversity are planned. A GIS training in Latin America is planned; FGR training in China is pending confirmation. Drafts of three background thematic studies for the FAO State of the World’s Forest Genetic Resources reports have been completed. One case study and one module have been completed for the FGR training guide. The module is undergoing final proofing before uploading to the Web.


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Theme 6.2.2. Conserving and characterising high-quality germplasm of high-value tree species in the forest-to-farm gradient Outcome: Local stakeholders (male and female farmers, private enterprises, NGOs and CBOs become more involved in supplying quality germplasm (seeds, seedlings and clones). Outcome: International and national development partners support local germplasm supply systems by facilitating foundation germplasm, knowledge training and market linkages. Outcome: Male and female farmers cultivate more diversified, adapted and profitable tree crops (conservation through use). Output 6.2.2.1. Characterising germplasm Implementation of systematic characterization of agroforestry germplasm

EST-SSR markers have been completed for 10 high-value African agroforestry species. A cadre of postgraduate students trained on germplasm (diversity, nutritional, phenotypic, genotypic and socio-economic) (2013) – in progress. A systematic review of bottlenecks to mango germplasm production is in progress. Studies on Uapaca seeds derived from marcots, grafts and top-worked trees evaluated (2012) – in progress. Key publications: 1. Kehlenbeck, K., Rohde, E., Njuguna, J.K., Jamnadass, R.

2012 Mango production in Kenya. In: Valavi, S.G., Rajmohan, K., Govil, J.N., Peter, K.V. and Thottappilly G. (eds.) Mango. Volume 2: Cultivation in different countries. Studium Press, Houston, USA, pp. 186-207.

2. Sileshi, G.W., Jamnadass, R., Mng’omba, S., Kehlenbeck, K., Akinnifesi, F.K., Ajayi, O.C., Njoloma, J. et al. 2012 Bottlenecks to mango production and trade in Africa: A systematic review. Under development.


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Output 6.2.2.2. Conserving germplasm Agreement by the global community on a global long-term conservation strategy for tree crop GR

The updated global cacao and coconut conservation strategy is available. The Global Cacao Strategy short version was published in June, and the detailed version was finalized in July for publication in August 2012. The strategy includes elements for building the capacity of institutes with cacao ex situ collections which are partnering in the strategy. Coconut research findings from three grants have been reviewed in the light of upgrading the global coconut conservation strategy. The grants support the following activities:

• Regenerate coconut accessions in the International Coconut Genebank for Africa and the Indian Ocean.

• Validate a coconut embryo culture protocol for the international exchange of germplasm.

• Upgrade international coconut genebanks and evaluate accessions.

In July 2012, the 16th Steering Committee meeting of the International Coconut Genetic Resources Network was held in Kochi, Kerala, India. Agreements were reached on finalizing the strategy, and further research was designed on conservation of national field collections; conservation in the multi-site International Coconut Genebank; in vitro embryo culture, somatic embryogenesis and cryopreservation; in situ and on-farm conservation; promoting conservation through use; and Polymotu—a concept employing geographic isolation to avoid costly controlled pollination. Key publication:

Salaj, T., Matušíková, I., Swennen, R., Panis, B., Salaj, J. 2012 Long-term maintenance of Pinus nigra embryogenic cultures through cryopreservation. Acta Physiologiae Plantarum 34(1): 227-233. doi: 10.1007/s11738-011-0821-x.

Expansion of accessions in Svalbard and Kunming genebanks

Additional species were provided for the Svalbard and Kunming genebanks, which hold over 300 orthodox species; 270 accessions representing 70 agroforestry species were dispatched to Kunming in February 2012.

Local knowledge with application for rapid assessment of status of natural resources to be used in monitoring conservation program or other conservation issues in buffer zone of protected areas in Latin America

Appraisal reports on status of natural resources were produced (2013). Due to staff changes in Latin America, it is not clear exactly what this activity entailed, nor is it something that could be easily handled by INIA. As it has restricted co-funding, ICRAF’s regional coordinator for Latin America (Jonathan Cornelius) and Roeland Kindt agree that this activity needs to be dropped.


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Ex-situ tree crop collections secured in line with Global Strategy

Lists of priority accessions in ex-situ collections are available or soon will be (cacao 2012, coconut 2013). A detailed survey of the status, content and priority needs of the world’s cacao germplasm ex situ collections was carried out as a baseline study for the Global Strategy for the Conservation and Use of Cacao Genetic Resources. Surveys were completed and analysed in May 2012, with replies from 33 of about 40 ex situ collections. The detailed results of the survey with priority accessions are included in the Global Strategy for the Conservation and Use of Cacao Genetic Resources, which will be published in August 2012.

Output 6.2.2.3. Access to germplasm Promotion of accessible seed and seedlings systems

Founder seed populations were collected, procured, evaluated and disseminated; quality fruit tree scions were made available to community and individual fruit tree nurseries (2012). Methodologies for multiplication and stockplant management for priority species were developed and propagation manuals produced (2012). Rural resource centres as a sustainable model of improved seed and seedling supply systems for agroforestry tree species in WCA were described (2012). For all three of the above, manuscripts are in preparation and will be submitted in the second half of 2012 by Asaah et al. A global seed/seedling directory for major AF species is expected to be updated (2013). A questionnaire was developed with inputs from colleagues at Kew Botanical Gardens (Millennium Seed Bank), and is available online. Work on a handbook on best practices for seedling production for Amazonian agroforestry fruit tree species is expected to start in 2013. Improvement, documentation and dissemination of methodologies for seed germination of difficult priority agroforestry tree species is expected to start in 2013. Key publications: 1. Tree seed suppliers directory.

https://docs.google.com/spreadsheet/viewform?formkey=dDYtLUJKNF9nNjVNZzdWTlo5N01oYUE6MQ.

2. End, M.J., Daymond, A.J. and Hadley, P. 2010/2012. Technical guidelines for the safe movement of cacao germplasm (revised from the FAO/IPGRI Technical Guidelines No. 20). http://www.bioversityinternational.org/index.php?id=19&user_bioversitypublications_pi1[showUid]=5083.

Development of systems and procedures for tree crops germplasm sharing

The new CacaoNet Safe Movement Guidelines, revised in 2010, were compiled under the auspices of CacaoNet with the aim of including descriptions of a much more extensive range of pests and diseases, up-to-date information on all the pests and diseases featured and additional information on quarantine measures. The Guidelines are available on both the CacaoNet and the Bioversity websites.


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Theme 6.2.3. Developing improved silvicultural and monitoring practices for multiple use management of forest ecosystems Outcome: Managers, forest owners and other decision makers incorporate tools and guidelines that reconcile the needs and views of different stakeholders, including both women and men, for the provision of multiple forest goods and services. Outcome: Managers, farmers and other decision makers adopt tools, guidelines and decision support systems for the rehabilitation and/or restoration of trees and forest cover that address the needs and views of men and women. Outcome: Managers, forest owners, farmers and other decision makers develop and adopt tools, improved policies and legal frameworks on forest harvesting that address the economic needs of forest-dependent men and women while minimizing negative environmental impacts. Output 6.2.3.1. Improved management practices and monitoring methods for multiple use of forest ecosystems Description of status and trends in forests and forestry in the Congo Basin (deforestation, management, informal sector, NTFPs, contribution to livelihoods)

The Congo Basin, State of the Forests 2010 was published, along with an associated interactive website and scientific publications (articles and MSc and PhD dissertations). Key publications 1. Multiple use of tropical forests: From concept to

reality. 2012. Special issue, Forest Ecology and Management 268. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/03781127/268.

2. The forests of the Congo Basin—state of the forest 2010. 2012. Publications Office of the European Union, Luxembourg. doi: 10.2788/47210. http://www.cifor.org/online-library/browse/view-publication/publication/3754.html.

Scientific update on critical issues in multiple forest use in the tropics

Special Issue in international journal.

Output 6.2.3.2. New approaches and technologies for restoring forest ecosystems and their goods and services Development of policy options for enhancing restoration of forest ecosystems and their goods and services

A paper and policy brief on the implications of definitions of forest degradation for implementing restoration and rehabilitation activities. A paper was submitted to the peer-reviewed journal Ecosystems and is pending publication.

Identification of best practices for restoration of forest ecosystems and their multiple goods and services, including genetic, ecological and silvicultural approaches

A paper on forest restoration methods that use native species evaluated for genetic considerations is in progress.

Output 6.2.3.3. Impact assessment studies on research activities under all four themes Impact assessment study An impact assessment study was initiated through baseline

study on at least one project (Congo Basin Beyond Timber, Brazil nuts and Timber Peru). Baseline data have been gathered for a future impact study on the project Sustaining Forest Resources for People and the Environment in the Niassa National Reserve in Mozambique.


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Theme 6.2.4. Developing tools and methods to resolve conflicts about distribution of benefits and resource rights in the use of forest and tree resources Outcome: Women and men in communities, local and national governments and companies use appropriate conflict resolution arrangements for the equitable management of forests and trees. Output 6.2.4.1. Developing tools and methods to resolve conflicts about distribution of benefits and resource rights in the use of forest and tree resources Identification of property rights, access regimes and related governance arrangements that foster equitable and secure access to production forests for women, men and marginalized groups

A comparative article on conditions for creating and sustaining collective action for securing property rights in production forest management was published by CIFOR in the June issue of IFR. Key publication:

Ravikumar, A., Andersson, K., Mwangi, E., Guariguata, M.R., Nasi, R. 2012. Towards more equitable terms of cooperation: Local people's contribution to commercial timber concessions. International Forestry Review 14(2): 157-176.


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Component 6.3: Landscape management for environmental services, biodiversity conservation and livelihoods

Theme 6.3.1. Understanding patterns and drivers of forest (tree cover) transition in decline and restoration phases Outcome: Tree cover and forest transitions are recognised by government agencies and in public debate as a basis for realistic land use and development planning and institutional reform of land use regulation. Output 6.3.1.1. Empirical data sets of quantitative and qualitative tree cover transitions across major ecoclimatic zones Oil palm and land use change patterns in Indonesia

Data have been compiled and analysis is in progress.

Tree cover transitions in historical and regional context and inference on drivers

Data have been compiled and analysis is in progress.

Amazon information system (co-funded by CRP5), a spatial database on time series remote sensing data (LANDSAT, MODIS) and biophysical datasets (climate, soil indicators) for the whole Amazon Basin Land cover transition maps in selected study regions across the Amazon Basin

Beta versions of the remote sensing and climate databases have been compiled. Land cover transition maps for two study areas in the Amazon have been compiled.

Output 6.3.1.2. Empirical data on changes in spatial pattern of tree cover within landscapes in relation to segregation/integration of functions Analysis of influence of landscape configuration on provision and marketing of environmental services

Data are still being compiled.

Agroforest rise and fall Data are compiled. Comparison of integrated rubber in Indonesia and segregated rubber in China

A book chapter has been published (van Noordwijk et al.).

GIS database on biophysical and socioeconomic land use drivers including migration and population statistics, economic data and infrastructure—technical report Integrative framework to understand land cover changes in the Amazon basin combining agent-based and system-based perspectives—technical report, peer-reviewed scientific publication

The beta version of a GIS database on land use drivers has been compiled. A draft of the report is available.

Importance of food security for multifunctional landscapes—journal article

A literature review has been conducted in preparation for the full draft journal article.

Review of current practices of multifunctional upland uses, with PES/RES in mind—journal article

An ARER review has been published (van Noordwijk et al.).

Output 6.3.1.3. Methods for monitoring and quantifying tree cover refined and linked to data uncertainty Aboveground carbon storage in oil palm plantations and the threshold for carbon debt in land conversion

The full first draft is ready.


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Allometrics in Indonesia; forest types and uncertainty of biomass estimates

An outline has been drafted; the first draft of the database was completed in June; a brief is finished.

Method and uncertainty of land cover legends: precision vs. accuracy

A full first draft has been completed.

Tree cover and carbon stocks of coffee-based agroforestry systems in Indonesia in relation to tree management strategies

A full first draft has been completed.

Trees in multifunctional landscapes in Asia: rapid appraisal tools across knowledge systems—book, comparative studies of ES across Asian landscapes

A book has been drafted.

Output 6.3.1.4. Proximate and ultimate drivers of land use and tree cover change: inference from spatial patterns, macro-economic statistics and bottom-up driver information Review of drivers of tree cover change A draft paper is ready for submission. Documenting the forest/coffee transition in coffee agroforestry systems

The following paper was published: Bal, P., Nath, C.D., Nanaya, K.M., Kushalappa, C.G. and Garcia, C. 2011 Elephants also like coffee: trends and drivers of human-elephant conflicts in coffee agroforestry landscapes of Kodagu, western Ghats, India. Environmental Management 48(2): 263–275. doi: 10.1007/s00267-011-9718-0.

Understanding shock responses of households in tropical forest environments

A paper by Wunder et al. is in review for possible publication in a special issue of World Development.

Understanding the contribution of forests to local livelihoods

A paper by Angelsen et al. is in review for possible publication in a special issue of World Development.

Demography and dominant tree cover types in Indonesia

We are in the early stage of developing an idea.

Drivers of forest conversion and land use changes in a peatland in Jambi: historical analyses towards REALU intervention

Literature review for preparing full draft book.

Livelihood options, poverty and equity of land use on peat and mineral soils in Jambi

An article on this topic was submitted to Forest, Trees and Livelihood; it will probably be resubmitted to another journal.

Migrants, land market and forest tenure insecurity: a case study in Jambi

An article on this topic has been submitted.

Paper on the inventory and economics of various forest and tree-based technologies for landscape restoration and livelihood in Africa

Journal article/ ICRAF occasional paper (F. Place, O. Ajayi, Eliot Masters)

Production system and land-use characterization in the Aguaytia watershed of the Peruvian Amazon

A draft has been completed.

Rubber and oil palm as drivers of land use change in Southeast Asia

Data have been compiled.

Profitability land use assessment in Tanjung Jabung Barat

An article was submitted to the Open Journal of Forestry and was accepted with modifications.


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Synthesis of opportunity cost of REDD+ across Indonesia

Process for outlining and data compilation.

Development of tools to identify institutional strength

A full draft has been completed.

The role of economic stratification and ethnicity in land use and forest clearing in Ucayali, Peru

An advanced draft has been completed. The manuscript is to be submitted in August (Porro et al., Forest use and agriculture in the Peruvian Amazon frontier: interactions among livelihood strategies, wellbeing and environmental outcomes).

Output 6.3.1.5. Policy levers and negotiation opportunities to influence drivers of tree cover transitions, rehabilitation and/or agroforestry transformation Heuristic framework to understand the political and governance context of ES trade-offs

Data are still being collected.

Baseline tree cover change scenarios across Indonesia by location and driver typology

A manuscript has been drafted.

Comparison of four approaches to opportunity cost analysis of land use change in tropical forest margins

This work is in progress.

National case studies of policies on agroforestry and tree planting in priority countries in Asia, Africa and Latin America

For Indonesia, the first draft is ready. For Africa, a manuscript has been submitted to Agroforestry Systems.

Workshop proceedings of national dialogues to identify key constraints and highlight policy reforms for promoting agroforestry and tree planting in Africa and Asia

Some publications have been produced as proceedings, journal articles or working papers.

Theme 6.3.2. Understanding consequences of tree cover transition for livelihoods, environmental goods and services and adaptive policy Outcome: Local resource managers in tree-based multiple-use landscapes use cost-effective and replicable tools and approaches to appraise likely impacts of changes in land use on watershed functions, biodiversity and carbon stocks as well as on the economic productivity of the landscape. Output 6.3.2.1. Tools for and case studies of quantifying buffering of water flows and other hydrological ES linked to tree cover (quantity, quality, pattern) and agriculture Flow persistence principle and algorithm

Fresh datasets for analysis in Kenya and China are being compiled; some issues for improvement have emerged.

Parkland tree buffering of soil water content from a landscape perspective

Journal article

Output 6.3.2.2. Tools for understanding and case studies of biodiversity-based environmental services across stages of tree cover transition, including pollination and dispersal Analysis of the implications of major development activities for wildlife conservation and local people’s livelihoods

Sasaoka has submitted a paper to Forests, Trees and Livelihoods, where it is in review.

Agrobiodiversity and intensification of agriculture: insights from eight landscapes in several biomes

A journal article was published (Jackson et al.).

Ecological corridor concepts and gender-specific dispersal

A journal article has been drafted but needs a final push.


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Output 6.3.2.3. Quantified trade-offs between carbon stocks and other environmental services across tree cover transitions Development and assessment of participatory carbon, biodiversity and livelihoods monitoring guidelines

Key publication: Bourgoin, J., Castella, J.C., Pullar, D., Lestrelin G. and Bouahom B. 2012 Toward a land zoning negotiation support platform: “tips and tricks” for participatory land use planning in Laos. Landscape and Urban Planning 104: 270-278. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.landurbplan.2011.11.008

Trees in multifunctional landscapes in Asia: rapid appraisal tools across knowledge systems

The first full draft is ready for editing.

Output 6.3.2.4. Gender, age and wealth-specific appreciation of tree cover transitions in relation to demographic transitions and development context Analysis of women’s roles in ecosystem management and land-use decision making processes

CIDA Sulawesi project. Carol Colfer and Linda Yuliani are leading gender work.

Assessment of the implementation of land use planning tools and approaches and consequent equity effects for local communities

Bossiere is undertaking further monitoring and workshops in Mamberano. Key publication:

Lestrelin, G., Bourgoin, J., Bouahom, B. and Castella, J.C. 2011 Measuring participation: case studies on village land use planning in northern Lao PDR. Applied Geography 31: 950-958. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeog.2011.01.003

Gender differentiated analysis of environmental services and land-use management

A paper by Sunderland et al. is in review for possible publication in a special issue of World Development. Chiong-Javier et al. has been published.

Perceptions of changes and what causes them

Sheil and Bossiere’s paper is in preparation. A paper was presented to the ISE meeting in Montpellier in May 2012.

Demography, migration and gendered land use perspectives in the peat lands of Jambi

A draft journal article is ready.

Outcome: Land use planners and practitioners use principles and methods resulting in clearer and more transparent recognition of conservation and development trade-offs in land and rights allocation, as well as adjustments to economic incentives. Output 6.3.2.5. Tested tools and governance mechanisms for adaptive landscape management of ecology-economics trade-offs including performance-based incentive systems Analysis of local or traditional monitoring in support of conservation in changing landscapes

Landscape mosaics governance book (Earthscan).

Analysis of policies and regulation on land-use planning and environmental services payment schemes (or alternative reward mechanisms)

Data are being collected as part of the CIDA Sulawesi AgFor project.

Assessment of implementation of land use planning tools and approaches and consequent equity effects for local communities

Boissiere and Castella are working on a draft paper.


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Assessments of the impact of co-management on the ecological functions of mosaic landscapes

Key publication: Sunderland-Groves, J., et al. 2011. Impacts of co-management on western chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes verus) habitat and conservation in Nialama Classified Forest, Republic of Guinea: a satellite perspective. Biodiversity and Conservation 20(12): 2745-2757.

Refinement of governance assessment tools

Sunderland et al. Evidence-based conservation book (Earthscan)

Tested tools and mechanisms to improve local people’s rights, tenure and participation in conservation

Data are being collected as part of the CIDA Sulawesi AgFor project.

Analysis of PES commodification, compensation and coinvestment paradigms for fairness and efficiency

A policy brief has been produced.

Global review of PES literature in relation to CES/COS/CIS paradigms, fairness and efficiency

Journal article by B. Leimona (working paper), S. Namirembe; Tin; D. Catacutan; H. MinhHa, Partner: EP.

Moving beyond pilots: a review of lessons learnt in payments for forest ecosystem services in Vietnam

Draft journal article

Toolbox for landscape and trade-off appraisal available and accessible to practitioners and policy makers at various levels

A website exists but requires restructuring and updating of the content.

Output 6.3.2.6. Policies for the agriculture-forestry interface and strategies for sustaining food security, ecological functionality and rural development in multi-use landscape mosaics Analysis of landscape design approaches to rationalise trade-offs between multiple landscape functions

A paper is being prepared by Castella et al.

Impact assessment of PLUP implementation

Key publication: Bourgoin, J. and Castella, J.C. 2011 ‘PLUP fiction’: landscape simulation for participatory land use planning in northern Laos. Mountain Research and Development 31(2): 78-88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1659/MRD-JOURNAL-D-10-00129.1

Policy recommendations on the restitution of tree rights to farmers in coffee agroforestry systems and their impact on the environment

A paper is being prepared by Garcia et al.

Understanding farmers’ strategies in coffee agroforestry systems: conversion and intensification

A paper is being prepared by Garcia et al.

Land tenure or REDD, what comes first? exploring key issues from Vietnam

A journal article has been drafted by Rohit, D. Catacutan and Hoan.

Oil palm, agroforestry systems and peatland C emissions: scenario analysis with the FALLOW model

A draft paper has been completed and is almost ready to submit.

Protected areas in relation to landscape multifunctionality: squeezing out intermediate land use intensities in the tropics?

Dewi et al., 2013


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Sparing versus sharing: policies for the agriculture-forestry interface: summarizing debate on agricultural intensification hypothesis in relation to tree cover transitions

The publication medium is to be determined. Authors are D. Catacutan and H. MinhHa.

Theme 6.3.3. Actively learning landscapes where innovative response and policy options are being tested Outcome: Local and external stakeholders negotiate and have access to a range of conditional and performance-based arrangements that support the provision and maintenance of environmental services and biodiversity in productive landscapes. Output 6.3.3.1. Network of ‘active learning landscapes’ on RES/PES mechanisms maintained and enhanced Drafts of RUPES/PRESA national strategies on PES and its multiple paradigms

A draft paper on RUPES national strategies on PES is still at the first stage of outlining.

Gender-differential access and control of resources and their impacts on the poor, under changing land uses, polices and markets in the RUPES and PRESA context

Working paper by D. Catacutan and Mamta

Private and social motivation of local co-investment in environmental services and participation in conservation agreements: perception survey and simulation games in a rubber agroforest village in Jambi, Sumatra, Indonesia

Data collection and RPG are on-going.

RUPES/PRESA network of field sites with active learning on rewards for ecosystem services, across CES/COS/CIS paradigms

The RUPES project annual report for 2011 was completed; the website was updated; the RUPES final report will be available in December 2012.

Output 6.3.3.2. Synthesis from action research sites identifying principles, methods and processes for advancing conservation, use rights and livelihood values Improving the design of watershed PES in Colombia

Work is in progress.

Synthesis paper of the RUPES experience

Key publication: Leimona, B. 2011 Fairly efficient and efficiently fair: success factors and constraints in payment and reward for environmental schemes in Asia. Wageningen University and Research Centre, Wageningen, the Netherlands. http://www.worldagroforestry.org/sea/publication?do=view_pub_detail&pub_no=TD0166-11

Synthesis from action research on gender-specific adaptive learning in landscapes with active support for environmental services and climate change adaptation in two regions

The first draft has been completed of a book on gender for Indonesia (RUPES) by D. Catacutan, Tin, R. Pasha, B. Leimona, C. Wijaya, C. Dugue, Elizabeth Simelton, Viet Bac and Namirembe.

Outcome: Opportunities for win-win solutions in restoration contexts are fully used, while the hard trade-offs are recognised and conflict over them is replaced by negotiation.


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Output 6.3.3.3. Identification of improved modalities and approaches to effectively support conservation in forest landscape mosaics Analysis of the circumstances under which different conservation approaches including payment for environmental services and non-cash incentives can be effective in delivering environmental services and improved livelihoods

A paper by Kolinjivady and Sunderland was accepted by Ecology and Society.

Development and implementation of a dry forest research strategy

The Africa strategy is complete. Analysis of research issues affecting dry forests in the neotropics and South Asia is under way and will be presented at Forest Day in Doha, Qatar.

Development of collaborative decision-making and monitoring tools for strengthening community involvement and meaningful participation in conservation and land use planning

Further data collection and analysis from key sites are needed.

Output 6.3.3.4. Participatory models for reserve management: resource use rights, threats to targeted species, guidelines for monitoring Analysis of alternative conservation approaches and reward mechanisms


Improved strategies and policies to integrate poverty alleviation programs and endangered species conservation

Orangutan work continues in Danau Santarum. A great apes and poverty linkage policy brief has been completed and is awaiting publication.

Review and development of guidelines for landscape approaches to conservation and development

A paper by Sayer et al. has been accepted in PNAS.

Output 6.3.3.5. Impact studies testing assumptions of the CRP6.3 theory of change and output-outcome-impact pathways CRP6.3 meeting to clarify all assumptions of the theory of change underpinning the component

This is expected to be combined with the Sentinel Landscape work, but may be a bit behind schedule.

Baseline characterization of current capacity and issues identified by landscape-level stakeholders

The January workshop made a start; IDO discussion needs some further follow-up.


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Component 6.4: Climate change adaptation and mitigation

Theme 6.4.1. Harnessing forest, trees and agroforestry for climate change mitigation Outcome: Research conducted under this component will contribute to the development of new forest-and-climate regimes (currently being negotiated at global and national levels) and subnational initiatives related to climate change, forests and trees in ways that ensure that they are effective, efficient and equitable (2013-2020). Output 6.4.1.1. Informing international- and national-level policy processes Analysis of political and economic barriers for efficient, effective and equitable REDD+ policy formulation and implementation

Analysing REDD book published June 2013 – multiple chapters (CIFOR). The book was downloaded about 60,000 times in the first three months. Paper on REDD+ in the Philippines accepted in Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies to Global Change (2012): Carbon mitigation potential of reducing emissions from deforestation and forest degradation plus (REDD+) in the Philippines: will it make a difference in financing forest development? (Rodel/ICRAF)

Conceptual and analytical frameworks for high carbon stock rural development pathways and low carbon development pathways developed and tested in ASB sites

Key publications: 1. Minang, P.A. et al. 2011 High-carbon-stock rural

development pathways in Asia and Africa: land management contributions to low-carbon-emission economic development. In: Agroforestry—the way forward.

2. van Noordwijk, M. et al. 2011 Segregate or integrate for multifunctionality and sustained change through landscape agroforestry involving rubber in Indonesia and China. In: Agroforestry—the way forward.

3. Minang, P. A. and van Noordwijk, M. 2012 Design challenges for reduced emissions from deforestation and forest degradation through conservation: leveraging multiple paradigms at the tropical forest margins. Land Use Policy. doi: 10.1016/j.landusepol.2012.04.025

4. Minang, P.A., van Noordwijk, M. and Gockowski, J. in press. Carbon trade-offs along tropical forest margins: lessons from ASB work in Cameroon. In: Wollenberg E, et al., (eds.) Designing agricultural mitigation for smallholders in developing countries. Earthscan.

5. Agroforestry in REDD+: opportunities and challenges. ASB Policy Brief 26.

6. Bernard, F., Minang, P.A., van Noordwijk, M. and Kahurani, E. 2011. Reducing emissions from all land uses (REALU)—a whole landscape approach to reducing emissions. Poster. ASB Partnership, Nairobi, Kenya.

(Florence)

Policy options towards comprehensive approach to reducing emissions from all land uses as part of the UNFCCC agreement

Publication: Minh Ha, H.M., Hoan, D.T., Pham, M.T., van Noordwijk, M. and Minang, P.A. 2012 Benefit distribution across scales to reduce emissions from deforestation and forest degradation (REDD+) in Vietnam. Land Use Policy Journal submission to UNFCC.

SBSTA June 2012: submission to the UNFCCC on reference emission levels. (Florence)


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Reference emission scenarios in the Amazon, Indonesia, Cameroon and Brazil

A report to UNFCCC delegates was completed in late 2011 by CIFOR. The DECC report is to be released in September by CIFOR. A policy brief was released in April by CIFOR. Chapter 7 Analysing REDD book (CIFOR). Four case-studies (ASB). Four emissions reduction feasibility studies in four landscapes (Peru, Indonesia, Cameroon and Vietnam) with scenarios, land cover maps with 30 years simulations and trade-offs between the scenarios. Key publications: 1. Dewi, S., van Noordwijk, M. and Minang, P. 2012

Reference emission levels (REL) in the context of REDD and land-based NAMAs: forest transition stages can inform nested negotiations.

2. Drivers and consequences of tropical forest transitions: options to bypass land degradation? ASB Policy Brief 25.

(Florence) Assessment of GHG emissions associated with land use change in East Africa and Indonesia

Students continue to make appropriate progress, and manuscripts are progressing. A technical report on GHG fluxes from different agroforestry systems has been forwarded to ILRI and CIFOR. For the Nyando watershed in western Kenya:

• Preliminary GHG data are being analysed. • Household survey data have been collected and are under

analysis. • Above-ground biomass will soon be done. • Soil samples will soon be collected and analysed using

the LDSF. (Margaret)

Assessment of carbon sequestration potentials in coffee AF systems

This has not been completed.

Monitoring ES, adaptation and mitigation measures

Several chapters in the Analysing REDD book present this analysis (CIFOR). Protocols on monitoring ES, adaptation and mitigation measures integrating new remote sensing sensors (Rapid Eye) and spatial modelling approaches (ICRAF).

Evaluations of land use models and factors used in their construction and how these affect REDD+ baseline development and prediction of future scenarios

A report is to be submitted to the Colombian government by the end of the year.

Environmental and livelihoods trade-off metrics

A paper has been submitted to the Asia Pacific Journal on Environment and Development titled ‘Global and local benefits and costs of maintaining tree cover and reducing carbon emissions in the Manupali Watershed (Philippines)’. (Rodel)

Output 6.4.1.2. Informing subnational and local initiatives Local-level land use models developed with NARS and other partners



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Models of costs and benefits of conversion to agropastosilvoral systems, based on local data on profitability, land use and carbon stocks


Analysis of early outcomes of establishing REDD+ project sites

Chapters 5-12, 14 and 15 of Analysing REDD book (CIFOR). A paper on ‘Lessons from early REDD+ experiences in the Philippines’ has been submitted to the International Journal of Forestry Research (ICRAF).

Synthesis and papers on options and alternatives for high carbon stocks development and low carbon development pathways

Policy briefs for ICRAF are in progress.

Output 6.4.1.3. Best-practice methods Draft guidelines for carbon accounting in agropastosilvoral landscapes


Comparative analysis of reference levels and methods for developing them

A report to UNFCCC delegates was completed in late 2011 by CIFOR. The DECC report is to be released in September by CIFOR. A policy brief was released in April by CIFOR. Chapter 7 Analysing REDD book (CIFOR) Four case-studies (ASB) Four emissions reduction feasibility studies in the four landscapes (Peru, Indonesia, Cameroon and Vietnam) with scenarios, land cover maps with 30 years simulations and trade-offs between the scenarios. Key publication: 1. Dewi, S.; van Noordwijk, M.; Minang, P. 2012 Reference

emission levels (REL) in the context of REDD and land-based NAMAs: forest transition stages can inform nested negotiations

2. Drivers and consequences of tropical forest transitions: options to bypass land degradation? ASB Policy Brief 25.

(Florence) Tools and guidelines for defining emission reference levels and for community participation in carbon monitoring

Field work in Kalimantan is complete; writing is in progress.

Database of soil carbon stocks and time-series maps of land use and cover classes

Draft manuscript for REDD+ Alert (Special Issue) is in progress. Draft manuscript on REALU is in progress.

Establishment of low carbon emission pathways with agroforestry system

Paper on analysis of soil carbon with NIR spectroscopy measures in landscapes with different levels of tree cover (Konstantin).


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Synthesis and papers on field implementation of REDD+/AFOLU and REALU methods and tools in ASB benchmark landscapes

Key publications: 1. Bernard, F., Minang, P.A. and van Noordwijk, M. 2011

Review of current tools and methods for REDD+ and REALU value chains. ASB Partnership, Nairobi, Kenya.

2. Technical manual no. 11: guide to determine carbon stock in small farms. (Peru)

(Florence) Theme 6.4.2. Enhancing climate change adaptation through forests, trees and agroforestry

Outcome: Research conducted under this component will contribute to the development of national adaptation plans and investments as part of new forest-and-climate regimes and sustainable development planning (2013-2020). Output 6.4.2.1. Informing international- and national-level policy processes

Analysis of modelling initiative to develop adaptation maps for plantation forestry

In progress

Analysis of strategies for mainstreaming climate change adaptation into NRM policies in Southeast Asia

A guidebook for mainstreaming climate change into biodiversity planning in the Philippines is under preparation (ICRAF).

Guidelines to improve national policies for strengthening local adaptive capacity under different contexts

REALU-Output in progress.

Integration of climate change and biodiversity into national planning processes

A guidebook for mainstreaming climate change into biodiversity planning in the Philippines is under preparation (Rodel).

Analysis of policy processes and policy networks related to forests and adaptation in Africa

Draft reports on adaptation policies in Uganda and Kenya. Key publication:

Brockhaus, M., Djoudi, H. and Kambire, H. in press. Multi-level governance and adaptive capacity in West Africa. International Journal of the Commons 6(2).

Output 6.4.2.2. Informing subnational and local initiatives

Analysis of how adaptation is incorporated into forest and natural resource policies

Key publications: 1. Pramova, E., Locatelli, B., Brockhaus, M. and Fohlmeister,

S. 2012 Ecosystem services in the National Adaptation Programmes of Action. Climate Policy 12(4): 393-409.

2. Guariguata, M.R., Locatelli B. and Haupt F. 2012. Adapting tropical production forests to global climate change: risk perceptions and actions. International Forestry Review 14(1): 27-38.


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Assessments of climate change impacts on forests, trees and agroforestry

Database and paper on climate impacts on agroforestry systems and water availability. Key publications: 1. Luedeling, E. and Neufeldt, H. in press. Carbon

sequestration potential of parkland agroforestry in the Sahel. Climatic Change. (Eike)

2. Luedeling, E., Girvetz, E.H., Semenov, M.A. and Brown, P.H. 2011. Climate change affects winter chill for temperate fruit and nut trees. PLoS ONE 6(5): e20155. (Eike)

3. Luedeling, E, and Gassner, A. 2012. Partial least squares regression for analysing walnut phenology in California. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology 158: 43-52. (Eike)

4. Imbach, P., Molina, L., Locatelli, B., Roupsard, O., Mahé, G., Neilson, R., Corrales, L., Scholze, M. and Ciais, P., 2012 Modeling potential equilibrium states of vegetation and terrestrial water cycle of Mesoamerica under climate change scenarios. Journal of Hydrometeorology 13(2): 665-680.

Papers under review: 1. Tanui, J. and Douglas. Rural institutions and adaptation

to climate change. 2. Tanui, J. and Douglas. Understanding rural institutional

strengthening: a cross-level policy and institutional framework for sustainable development in Kenya.

Analysis of the vulnerability and adaptive strategies of local communities to climate variability and climate change, in interaction with other socioeconomic and political changes

Key publications: 1. Djoudi, H., Brockhaus, M. and Locatelli, B., 2012 Once

there was a lake: vulnerability to environmental changes in northern Mali. Regional Environmental Change (online).

2. Sonwa, D. et al. in press. Vulnerability, forest-related sectors and climate change adaptation: the case of Cameroon. Forest Policy and Economics.

3. Nkem, J., Somorin, O., Jum, C., Idinoba, M.E., Bele, Y.M. and Sonwa, D.J. 2012 Profiling climate change vulnerability of forest indigenous communities in the Congo Basin. Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change, 1-21.

4. in press. The role of local government units in mainstreaming climate change adaptation: the case of Albay, Philippines. (Rodel)

5. Brockhaus, M., Djoudi, H. and Locatelli, B. in press. Envisioning the future and learning from the past: Adapting to a changing environment in northern Mali. Environmental Science & Policy.

Additional papers: 1. Under review—Reducing subsistence farmers’

vulnerability to climate change: evaluating the potential contributions of agroforestry in western Kenya. (Henry)

2. Socioeconomic vulnerability of Brazil nut extracting communities in the Amazon. (Konstantin)

3. On-going paper on Vietnam (Meine).


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Integration of climate change and biodiversity into national planning processes

A guidebook for mainstreaming climate change into biodiversity planning in the Philippines is under preparation (Rodel). Climate change impact analysis of native palm species (Babaçu Orbignya phalerata, Tucumã Astrocaryum vulgare) to support the agro-ecological zoning program in the state of Para and Maranjão, Brazil (Konstantin).

Analysis of the trade-offs between economic, environmental and cultural benefits of changes in tree species richness and evenness within tropical farming systems

1. Minang PA, van Noordwijk M and Swallow BM, 2012. High-Carbon-Stock Rural Development Pathways in Asia and Africa: Improved Land Management for Climate Change Mitigation. In: Agroforestry: The Future of Global Land Use. Nair PKR and Garrity DP (eds.), Springer, The Netherlands pp 127-143

2. van Noordwijk M, Tata H L, Xu J, Dewi S and Minang P, 2012. Segregate or integrate for multifunctionality and sustained change through rubber-based agroforestry in Indonesia and China. In: Agroforestry: The Future of Global Land Use. Nair PKR and Garrity DP (eds.), Springer, The Netherlands pp 69-104

3. Minang, P. A., van Noordwijk, M., Gockowski, J. 2011. Carbon trade-offs along tropical forest margins: Lessons from ASB work in Cameroon. IN Wollenberg E, et al, (eds.) Designing agricultural mitigation for smallholders in developing countries. Earthscan. P391-398.

Output 6.4.2.3. Best-practice methods Literature review for adaptation mapping

In progress.

Datasets and tools on past and future climate, climate analogues, vegetation maps, and vegetation changes

A journal article on potential of multi-century climate data reconstruction has been published (Aster). Laboratory and tools establishment to measure past climates (Aster). The climate analogue tool is functional but is still being refined. It is discussed or mentioned in the following articles: 1. Applied in study on Sahelian agroforestry systems:

Luedeling, E. and Neufeldt, H. in press. Carbon sequestration potential of parkland agroforestry in the Sahel. Climatic Change.

2. Mentioned as a promising tool for adapting orchards to climate change: Luedeling, E. in press. Climate change impacts on winter chill for temperate fruit and nut production: a review. Scientia Horticulturae. (Eike)


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Assessment of global agroforestry trajectories

A paper on habitat suitability for temperate trees has been published:

Luedeling, E., Girvetz, E.H., Semenov, M.A. and Brown, P.H. 2011 Climate change affects winter chill for temperate fruit and nut trees. PLoS ONE 6(5), e20155. (Eike)

A review paper on the difficulty of projecting climate change impacts, with particular focus on winter chill for temperate trees, has been accepted for publication:

Luedeling, E. in press. Climate change impacts on winter chill for temperate fruit and nut production: a review. Scientia Horticulturae. (Eike)

Analysis framework for projecting the impacts of climate change on ecosystems (tree component still missing) (Eike, Konstantin). Assessment and capacity strengthening tool for using tree diversities within agroforestry systems to reduce vulnerability to climate change (Sonya).

Assessment of impacts of climate change on the distribution of tree species and agroforestry systems

Paper on climate change impacts on cocoa agroforestry systems in the Amazon (Konstantin)

Tools and methods for assessing vulnerability and planning adaptation with local communities

Draft report on vulnerability assessment approaches and their application in Central Africa. Key publications: 1. Andrade et al. 2011. Draft principles and guidelines for

integrating ecosystem-based approaches to adaptation in project and policy design.

2. Djoudi, H., Brockhaus, M., Brown, H.C.P. and Bandiaky-Badji, 2012. Gender, climate change and women’s representation. Infobrief, CIFOR, Bogor, Indonesia.

Theme 6.4.3. Understanding the role of forests, trees and agroforestry in achieving synergies between climate change mitigation and adaptation Outcome: Increased recognition of synergies between mitigation and adaptation leads to increased investment in these types of activities in rural communities to enhance co-benefits of national REDD+ programs (2012-2020). Outcome: Mitigation and adaptation are increasingly integrated in national sector planning documents (2015-2020). Outcome: International development agencies and NGOs jointly increase their implementation of both mitigation and adaptation activities (2015-2020). Output 6.4.3.1. Informing international- and national-level policy processes Monitoring ES, adaptation and mitigation measures

Monitoring forest cover change for PES in indigenous areas of the Peruvian Amazon (Konstantin). A monograph report on the potential for linking climate change adaptation and mitigation through land management. An annotated bibliography on linkages between climate change adaptation and mitigation through land management. Two manuscripts. One policy brief. (Florence)

Identification of opportunities to integrate adaptation and mitigation activities in policies

Draft reports on adaptation and mitigation policy analysis in Central Africa.


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Output 6.4.3.2. Informing subnational and local initiatives Identification of opportunities to integrate adaptation and mitigation activities in forestry projects

Draft reports on adaptation and mitigation analysis in local sites in Central Africa. Online platform on forest and climate change adaptation and mitigation in weADAPT, a fast-growing climate adaptation community of nearly 2,000 members, 300 organisations, an extensive set of knowledge base articles and the popular Adaptation Layer, a 3D visualisation of case studies on Google Earth.

Output 6.4.3.3. Best-practice methods Methods and tools for mapping ecosystem services and analysing their trade-offs or synergies (carbon vs. services relevant for adaptation)

The following paper has been submitted: Locatelli, B., Imbach, P. and Wunder, S. Synergies and trade-offs between forest environmental services in Costa Rica.


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Component 6.5: Impacts of trade and investment on forests and people

Theme 6.5.1. Understanding the processes and impacts of forest-related trade and investment Outcome: Multilateral and regional financial institutions adopt policies and guidelines that promote responsible forest-related investments in support of sustainable and inclusive business models. Output 6.5.1.1. Assessment of processes and factors through which trade and investment influence forests and people Assessment of the socio-ecological conditions shaping the geographies of investment for large-scale land acquisition for food, fodder and biofuel production

We built and made available online a spatially explicit database focused on biofuel investments and associated large-scale land acquisition (http://www.cifor.org/bioenergy/maps/).

We developed a framework for assessing the spatial, policy and institutional determinants of land-based investment and land use change implications based on cattle ranching in the Brazilian Amazon:

Pacheco, P. and Poccard-Chapuis, R. 2012 The complex evolution of cattle ranching development amid market integration and policy shifts in the Brazilian Amazon. Annals of the Association of American Geographers. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00045608.2012.678040

Reports on the characteristics and profitability of oil palm production at various scales and locations and opportunity costs are in final stage of completion. These reports will use available data from a complementary study carried out on the carbon footprints of oil palm.

Comparative analysis of patterns of Chinese trade and investment trends in commodities affecting forests, and the policies and corporate strategies influencing impacts

We published a scoping study of Chinese trade and investment in Southern Africa covering trends in the Chinese timber trade in Mozambique and Zambia, copper in Zambia and chromium in Zimbabwe, and another report on the Congo Basin (http://www.cifor.org/publications/pdf_files/WPapers/WP67Putzel.pdf). Additional publications: 1. German et. al. 2011. Chinese trade and investment and

its impacts on forests: a scoping study in the Miombo woodlands. Working Paper No. 84. CIFOR, Bogor, Indonesia. http://www.cifor.org/publications/pdf_files/WPapers/WP84German.pdf.

2. Putzel, L. et al. 2011. Chinese trade and investment and the forests of the Congo Basin: synthesis of scoping studies in Cameroon, Democratic Republic of Congo and Gabon. Working Paper No. 67. CIFOR, Bogor, Indonesia. http://www.cifor.org/publications/pdf_files/WPapers/WP67Putzel.pdf

3. Wenbin, H. and Wilkes, A. 2011. Analysis of China’s overseas investment policies. Working Paper No. 79. CIFOR, Bogor, Indonesia. http://www.cifor.org/publications/pdf_files/WPapers/WP-79CIFOR.pdf.

4. Wenbin, H. and Wilkes, A. 2011. Analysis of approvals for Chinese companies to invest in Africa’s mining,


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agriculture and forestry sectors. Working Paper No. 81. CIFOR, Bogor, Indonesia. http://www.cifor.org/publications/pdf_files/WPapers/WP81CIFOR.pdf.

Wenbin, H., Wilkes, A., Xiufang, S., Terheggen, A. (submitted 2012, date of publication probably 2012). Who is importing forest products from Africa to China? An analysis of implications for initiatives to enhance legality and sustainability. Environment, Development, Sustainability; Special issue: China as a new shaper of international development: The environmental implications

Yellow Work (paper) in progress (activity started in 1st half of 2012) Wenbin, H. et al. 2013. How the China-Africa Timber Market is Linked (working title for future Working Paper)

Analysis of greenhouse gas emissions embedded in national and international crop and livestock trade in the Amazon region

Work is in progress for building a spatial database of traded commodities in the Amazon region as a basis for building an explicit budget of volumes of production, trade and associated greenhouse gas emissions in this region. For most of the Amazon countries, production data on crops and pastures have been collected and merged into a single GIS file for the entire Amazon basin. Corresponding deforestation data for Brazil have been collected at the municipal level. The next steps are to estimate trade volumes from the FAOSTAT and GTAP databases and emissions tied to this production and trade.

Outcome: Development bodies and private actors with significant forest-related investments adopt sustainable standards that facilitate equitable benefit sharing and maintenance of forest goods and services. Output 6.5.1.2. Analysis of the impacts on forests and people’s livelihoods associated with trade and investment trends Assessment of the implications of large-scale land acquisition for fibre, food and fuel in Indonesia and formulation of policy options for achieving more sustainable outcomes

Analysis documenting the implications of large-scale land acquisition in key commodities affecting forests in Indonesia is behind schedule due to delays in securing restricted funds from CORDAID to support this work. Yet, two preliminary papers providing background on the topic have been published: 1. Obidzinski, K., Andriani, R., Komarudin, H. and Andrianto,

A. 2012 Environmental and social impacts of oil palm plantations and their implications for biofuel production in Indonesia. Ecology and Society 17(1): 25. http://www.ecologyandsociety.org/vol17/iss1/art25/.

2. Obidzinski, K., Takahashi, I., Dermawan, A., Komarudin, H. and Andrianto, A. 2012 Can large scale land acquisition for agro-development in Indonesia be managed sustainably? Land Use Policy 30(1): 952–965. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.landusepol.2012.06.018.

Assessments of the spatial and social dimensions of oil palm production by smallholders and companies, related with the impacts of trade and investments, are in progress.

Understand the implications of Chinese forest-related trade and investment for national economic development, local livelihoods and forests

Two research reports focusing on the Chinese timber trade in Mozambique, Gabon and Zambia will be drafted in 2012 and sent for publication.


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Analysis of the formal and informal domestic and regional timber markets and their influence on local forest use and benefits

Three occasional papers have been published characterizing domestic timber markets in Cameroon, Gabon and DRC: 1. Cerutti, P. and Lescuyer G. 2011 The domestic market for

small-scale chainsaw milling in Cameroon. Occasional Paper No. 61. CIFOR, Bogor, Indonesia. http://www.cifor.org/publications/pdf_files/WPapers/WP67Putzel.pdf.

2. Lescuyer, G. et al. 2011. The domestic market for small-scale chainsaw milling in Gabon. Occasional Paper No. 65. CIFOR, Bogor, Indonesia. http://www.cifor.org/publications/pdf_files/OccPapers/OP-65.pdf.

3. Lescuyer G. et al. 2011. The domestic market for small-scale chainsaw milling in the Republic of Congo. Occasional Paper No. 74. CIFOR, Bogor, Indonesia. http://www.cifor.org/publications/pdf_files/OccPapers/OP-74.pdf.

Two additional country reports, on Indonesia and Ecuador, are being drafted.

An interactive model of domestic timber sectors examining implications of different policy options is under construction for Indonesia; limitations of data will limit the possibility of its application for the other countries.

Outcome: Regional trade and economic bodies discuss options to reduce the social and environmental impacts of trade and investments based on more accurate assessments of their magnitude. Output 6.5.1.3. Methods for improved assessments of forest-related economic and ecological impacts from trade and investment Tools for improved analysis of the geography of greenhouse gas emissions embedded in trade and life-cycle analysis under varying biophysical and technological conditions

The assessment of the local economic geography of greenhouse gas emissions embedded in trade for selected locations in the Amazon has been delayed. It will be implemented next year as part of the SL initiative

An improved framework and methods for assessing opportunities to reduce emissions through avoided land-use change through feedstock and fossil fuel substitution are under development. A Biofuel Emission Reduction Estimator Scheme (BERES) spreadsheet was developed under the TULSEA project (http://www.worldagroforestry.org/sea/Publications/files/leaflet/LE0154-09.PDF).

A policy brief is being developed comparing trade versus area-based emission accounts and spillover from biofuel to other commodities.

A policy brief is being developed assessing carbon storage in oil palm plantations and the thresholds for carbon debt in land conversion.

Theme 6.5.2. Enhancing responses and policy options to mitigate negative impacts and enhance positive impacts from trade and investment Outcome: Multi-stakeholder processes adopt improved principles and criteria for sustainable and equitable production of food, fibre, timber and biofuels.


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Output 6.5.2.1. Lessons learned on market-driven processes and international sustainability initiatives Analysis of the social impacts of FSC certification in Cameroon and recommendations to reverse shortcomings

A journal article assessing the impacts of FSC certification in Cameroon, based on select case studies, is in process.

Assessment of the effectiveness of non-state market instruments and drivers for adoption of standards and mechanisms between forest and agriculture

A report assessing the effectiveness of non-market-based instruments with applicability to biofuel development has been published:

Pacheco, P. et al. 2011. Avoiding deforestation in the context of biofuel feedstock expansion: an analysis of the effectiveness of market-based instruments. Working Paper No. 73. CIFOR, Bogor, Indonesia. http://www.cifor.org/publications/pdf_files/WPapers/WP73Pacheco.pdf.

While the original activity aimed at analysing drivers of forest standards versus sustainable agriculture standards, and the degrees of their adoption, it shifted its focus slightly to assess the poverty impacts of standard systems for agroforestry products based on the case of coffee production in Nicaragua. In addition to identifying poverty impacts of standard systems, a methodology for poverty assessment was developed. The output has been submitted as an article to Food Policy and is currently under review.

Outcome: Governments in consumer countries adopt policies and legislation to improve procurement guidelines that reduce the negative impacts of trade on forests and forest-based livelihoods. Output 6.5.2.2. Improved policy regulations and institutional options for managing impacts associated with trade and investment Enhanced engagement with law enforcement agencies (police and prosecutors) to facilitate deployment of anti-corruption and anti-money-laundering legislation associated with the forestry sector

Two guidelines for Indonesian law enforcement agencies (originally published in Bahasa Indonesia in 2011) are in print in English : 1. Hartoyo, D. et al. A guide to investigative audit on

corruption in the forestry sector. 2. Santoso, T., Chandra, R., Sinaga, A.C., Muhajir, M. and

Mardiah, S. A guide to investigation and indictment using the integrated law enforcement approach. http://www.cifor.org/online-library/browse/view-publication/publication/3635.html.

In addition, two infobriefs will be published before the end of 2012: 1. Setiono, B., Mardiah, S. and Sinaga, A.C. 2012 Improving

due diligence to reduce money laundering in the forestry sector.

2. Trisasongko, D., Kartika Rahayu, M. and Sinaga, A.C. 2012 Strengthening Indonesia’s forest law enforcement with mutual legal assistance.


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Assessment of the effectiveness of national legal and institutional frameworks for customary rights protection in the context of large-scale land acquisition

A comparative analysis of legislation and practices of large-scale land acquisition in select African countries was completed:

German, L., Schoneveld, G. and Mwangi, E. 2011 Contemporary processes of large-scale land acquisition by investors: case studies from sub-Saharan Africa. Occasional Paper No. 68. CIFOR, Bogor, Indonesia. http://www.cifor.org/publications/pdf_files/OccPapers/OP-68.pdf.

A document on principles of customary rights protection in the context of large-scale land acquisition was completed:

German, L. and Schoneveld, G. 2011 Social sustainability of EU-approved voluntary schemes for biofuels: implications for rural livelihoods. Working Paper No. 75. CIFOR, Bogor, Indonesia. http://www.cifor.org/publications/pdf_files/WPapers/WP75German.pdf.

Analysis of what is achievable under current best practice in support of self-regulation of the industry and of external standards, such as EU biofuel guidelines

An analysis of the implications of the EU Renewable Energy Directive was completed and recommendations were provided:

Johnson, F., Pacini, H. and Smeets, E. 2011 Transformations in EU biofuels markets under the Renewable Energy Directive and the implications for land use, trade and forests. Occasional Paper 78. CIFOR, Bogor, Indonesia. http://www.cifor.org/publications/pdf_files/OccPapers/OP-78.pdf.

Outcome: National governments in forest-rich countries adopt effective policies and regulations governing forest-related trade and investment for enhanced legality, equity and sustainability. Output 6.5.2.3. Informed processes and platforms of policy analysis and dialogue on improved governance of trade and investment Strategic policy engagement for informing national and sub-national processes for enhancing land and forest governance associated with large-scale investments

Several efforts of policy engagement at national and sub-national levels have been carried out:

• Four focus group discussions were held in Central Java and East Kalimantan provinces involving central, provincial and district government agencies and private sector entities with emphasis on crop plantation development.

• Publications and other information were provided to the Indonesian Parliament commission looking into potential for and barriers to biofuels in Indonesia and Tanzania.

• Engagement with policy decision makers for enhancing policies in domestic timber markets in Cameroon, Indonesia and Ecuador.

• A consultation meeting, organized in partnership with the University Eduardo Mondlane, was held with policy makers in Mozambique around issues of China-Africa investment; similar meetings are planned for other project countries.

Support for international sustainability initiatives on production standards and land and forest governance guidelines

Participation in policy dialogues and conferences at the global and regional levels mainly focused on two topics: bioenergy development and land acquisition. Several presentations were delivered:

• Two at the Second Annual World Congress of Bioenergy, Xi’an, China, 27 April 2012


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• Two at the World Bank Conference on Poverty and Land Tenure, Washington, DC, April 2012

• One at the International Workshop on Large-Scale Land Acquisitions, GIGA, Hamburg, May 2012

• One on the contribution of bioenergy to a green economy at the State Forest Administration Green Economy Conference, Beijing, April 2012

We developed analysis to inform multi-stakeholder platform and negotiations (e.g., RSB, RSPO) for enhancing environmental sustainability criteria:

Guariguata, M., Masera, O., Martínez-Bravo, R., Johnson, F., Tella, P., Von Maltitz, G. and Bird, N. 2011 A review of environmental issues in the context of biofuel sustainability frameworks. Occasional Paper No. 69. CIFOR, Bogor, Indonesia. http://www.cifor.org/publications/pdf_files/OccPapers/OP-69.pdf.


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Gender

Outcome: Scientists and delivery partners integrate gender analysis in research and action. Output: Enhanced capacity for the collection and analysis of gender-disaggregated data Development of methods for gender analysis and integration throughout the research cycle

A gender methods manual has been developed and peer reviewed and is being finalized. Training of ICRAF scientists and partners in methods for gender analysis has been completed; the workshop report is available.

A training needs assessment and scoping of gender needs has been carried out for Bioversity.

Gender-disaggregated data A bibliographic database has been developed and disseminated. Gender-relevant data sets have been identified. Database of gender research in CRP6. Support has been provided for proposal writing/gender integration in current projects. CIFOR scientists have been trained to integrate gender into proposals.

Enhanced coordination A female post-doctoral researcher has been hired at ICRAF. A gender implementing team has been established at ICRAF. Participate in CRP6 component meetings/workshops. Consortium gender network meetings.

CIFOR, Bioversity and CIAT are in the process of hiring a post-doctoral researcher. A gender implementing team workshop has been held to develop a gender capacity-building program.

Output: Improvements, through adaptive learning, in the effectiveness and relevance of gender-responsive research Development of indicators and methods for monitoring and evaluation of gender integration

Gender experts workshop.

Output: Enhancement and reinforcement of gender perspectives in research and policy through knowledge sharing and dissemination Reviews and syntheses of key thematic areas: participation and empowerment

A journal article is available. A review of gender in agroforestry and a synthesis of case studies of gender in payments/rewards for ecosystems services are on-going. A conceptual review and synthesis of gender methods in forestry has been completed and peer reviewed and is in the process of publication as a CIFOR occasional paper. A journal article is forthcoming in Global Environmental Change: Cross-country analysis of gender and participation in forest management. Three infobriefs have been published covering the following thematic areas: value chains and market access, property rights and tenure, and climate change impacts, policy processes and representation.

Synthesis of factors conditioning gender differentials in participation in (a) forest management and decision making and (b) PES schemes.


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Website updates and blogs POLEX on gender Three gender blogs

A gender page for the ICRAF website is under construction Events A gender panel was held at Rio+20 on the theme of linking

knowledge to action. A presentation was given at GCAW, New Delhi, India.


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Sentinel landscapes

Outcome: Create long-term socio-ecological research sites for CRP6 with a commitment from donors to fund such work and commitment from CRP6 scientists and management to engage in long-term work to accumulate data, comparisons and experiences. Output: Selection of a network of priority landscapes Development of selection criteria Draft criteria have been disseminated to all CRP6

components. Discussions have been held with the wider CRP6 group by email and Skype. A one-day workshop was convened at CIFOR on 8 May to finalize the criteria.

Selection of priority landscapes Six regional landscapes and two cross-regional landscapes have been selected as Tier 1 sites: 1. Nicaragua and Honduras 2. Western Amazon (Madre de Dios and Ucayali, Peru) 3. Acre (Brazil) and Pando (Bolivia) 4. the Mekong (Cambodia, Lao PDR, Myanmar, Thailand,

Vietnam, and Southwest China) 5. Borneo/Sumatra (Kalimantan/Sarawak/Jambi/Riau) 6. Southeast Mali, Southwest Burkina Faso and Northern

Ghana 7. (Sikasso-Bobo Dioulasso-Tamale) 8. Central Africa Humid Tropics Transect (ASB, TRIDOM,

TNS), Tropical Production Forests Observatory, ‘Oil palm: Landscapes, market chains and investment flows’

Four landscapes were selected as Tier 2 sites: Sahyadris Forest and Agroforest Mosaics of the Western Ghats, Central Asia (Uzbekistan, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Turkmenistan and Tajikistan), the Miombo eco-region and the Afro-montane eco-region.

Inventory of candidate sites with legacy data and information about availability and accessibility of data and link to CRP6 component questions

A draft inventory for all Tier 1 and Tier 2 sites was submitted in June. Draft landscape-specific research questions linked to CRP6 components were submitted in June.

Output: Establishment of a platform for data archiving and data sharing along with necessary policies and guidelines Establishment of a data archiving platform

Dataverse was chosen as an online archive for CRP6. A proof of concept was established with ICRAF dataverse, with 81 studies submitted by July (http://dvn-3.hmdc.harvard.edu/dvn/dv/icraf;jsessionid=96f49bc06e2bcd1a4c23) A trial CRP6 dataverse was set up (http://dvn.iq.harvard.edu/dvn/dv/crp6). Two CRP6-relevant datasets were archived, landscape mosaic data and RAVA d.

Development of protocols and guidelines for data archiving

The ICRAF Research Method Group has developed a set of guidelines for quality control, available at http://worldagroforestry.org/research-methods/data-management. It contains the following: Research data archival guidelines CS Pro manual


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Dataverse cataloguing information form Dataverse manual for creating and uploading studies Research data management training manual Data management FAQ Research data management policies have been developed for ICRAF and CIFOR. The ICRAF policy has been approved by ICRAF’s management team and is awaiting BOT approval; the CIFOR policy is still in draft form.

Data management support to all landscape teams

One part-time data manager was appointed at CIFOR. A data manager was appointed by each landscape team. Leadership was provided by ICRAF RMG and ICRAF Geoscience lab. Training on data management was conducted for CIFOR and ICRAF staff.

Output: Production of a data set that will be widely used and referred to by both donors and partners Partner engagement Two of the Tier 1 sites were proposed by partners.

Discussions are underway with IFRI, INdepth, CIRAD, IUCN, CATIE, JRC (ISPRA) and IFAD.

Interdisciplinary regional teams for conducting a meta-analysis across sites

Landscapes champions were assigned to form interdisciplinary teams. A workplan for each regional team was finalised and communicated.

Detailed analysis of existing socio-ecological networks

A basic GIS database was created for past and present ICRAF/CIFOR projects as well as existing research networks of interest to CRP6 (PEN, Afsis, IFRI, ASB, RUPES, INdepth, CIRAD permanent forest plots, CATIE key territories, IMFN, IUCN Lives and Landscapes, CTFS plots, CIFOR GCS REDD sites, Landscape Mosaik Sites and REALU). A literature review was conducted on the experiences and the utility of existing networks for long-term socio-ecological monitoring.

Proof of concept for various methodologies

Case studies were commissioned: linking governmental longitudinal census data with NDVI time for Yunnan (Mekong) data collected; a presentation was given to the larger CRP6 group at the Nairobi Sentinel Landscape workshop. Case studies were commissioned: ex ante evaluation of the extrapolation domain, PEN global dataset and Western Kenya; a presentation was given to the larger CRP6 group at the Nairobi Sentinel Landscape workshop. A concept note was developed: linking land health and human health data—Agincourt HDSS site.

Meta-analysis A method group was appointed to develop sampling design for the meta analysis. Two design workshops were planned for the period July 2012 to December 2012.

Development of protocols for sufficient standardization of data collection and analysis methods across sites

A method group was appointed to develop protocols and methods. A method portal was designed and prototyped and tested at ICRAF.


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Output: Effective communication and information flow between all CRP6 scientists with respect to sentinel landscapes Web page The sentinel landscape web page is under development by

the ICRAF communications unit. Launch is expected by the end of August, with improvements to follow.

Presentations Presentations were given at four component meetings; seminars were given to ICRAF and CIFOR staff.

Workshop A sentinel landscape workshop was convened in June, attended by 50 CRP6 scientists.


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Communications

Outcome: Create an integrated communication program across all centres to maximize impact of CRP6 outputs. Output: Creation of a strong and dynamic online presence for CRP6 Creation and regular updating of the CRP6 web page on cgiar.org

The CRP6 Communication Support Unit liaised with the CGIAR Consortium Office to create a CRP6 page on CGIAR.org (http://www.cgiar.org/our-research/cgiar-research-programs/cgiar-research-program-on-forests-trees-and-agroforestry/)

Creation and regular updating of CRP6 web pages on websites of CIFOR, ICRAF, Bioversity and CIAT

The CSU used CIFOR’s website to create a template for CRP6 landing pages for each centre’s website. The CRP6 web page on CIFOR’s site can be viewed at http://www.cifor.org/crp6/crp.html. ICRAF and Bioversity created landing pages for CRP6 on their sites.

Output: Creation of cutting-edge publications to maximize impact of CRP6 research findings Editing, design, layout and printing support

CIFOR published four occasional papers, seven working papers, five books, 18 policy briefs and factsheets, and 50 journal articles. Bioversity International produced the Beyond Timber brochure (French and English versions), one conference proceeding and six journal articles.

Output: Marketing of CRP6 outputs to key stakeholders Articles for centres’ blogs promoting key policy messages from CRP6 outputs

CIFOR posted 134 blog posts in English (www.blog.cifor.org), all of which were related to CRP6. Some 73 were translated into Spanish, 8 into Portuguese and 23 into Indonesian. Bioversity posted three web stories and four blog posts, including three videos, relating to CRP6 work and research. CIAT published 14 blogs related to its CRP6 work. ICRAF posted 22 blog posts, 29 feature articles, and 53 agroforestry news posts on its website.

Use of mainstream media to promote awareness of key messages stemming from CRP6 research

A joint CIFOR-ICRAF CGIAR press release was issued in February emphasizing the importance of dry forests for the famine in the Horn of Africa. CIFOR expanded its engagement with journalists in the first half of 2012, and media hits that cited CIFOR (and therefore were related to CRP6) reached 655 (according to Meltwater, Yahoo Pipes, and Google). Bioversity issued a press release on slash and burn in January, which was featured in Sci Dev.

Use of other social media tools to promote awareness of CRP6 outputs

In progress CIFOR expanded its use of social media to promote CRP6 outputs. By 20 July 2012, CIFOR’s followers on its four news feeds on Facebook (English, Spanish, French and Indonesian) reached 4 820 (a 49% increase since January 2012), and Twitter followers of its three feeds (English, French and Spanish) reached 5 341 (a 68% increase). Since January, CIFOR had 46 000 views of its 215 PowerPoint presentations on SlideShare (a 39% increase in views compared to 2011). CIFOR has produced 61 videos since January and uploaded them to its YouTube channel, and views of its video library reached almost 5 000 in June 2012. Views of its 2 380 photographs on


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Flickr reached 16 000 in June. Bioversity social media also grew, with 544 new likes on Facebook, around 550 new followers on Twitter, and 28 new subscribers on YouTube. The World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF)’s following on social media continued to grow during the first half of 2012. As of the end of July 2012 it has 2 793 followers on Twitter, 2 083 friends on Facebook and 67 subscribers and 10 537 total views on YouTube.

Events: CSU organized a press conference to launch CRP6 at Forest Day 5. Centres participated jointly in conferences and workshops, including the following:

• Planet Under Pressure in London in March • Rio+20 and side events at Rio de Janeiro in June • IUFRO/FORNESSA at the World Agroforestry Centre

Headquarters in Nairobi in June CIFOR distributed CRP6 publications at 17 other conferences and workshops in 2012, including SBSTA in Bonn in May. Bioversity connected with CRP6 colleagues about event opportunities, including sending a blogger to Malaysia and making sure the honey hunters workshop was covered and connecting with appropriate representatives.

Output: Promotion of CRP6 internal communications to maximize synergies Establishment of an internal communication platform

SlideShare has been selected for this purpose. Roll-out of version 1 is expected by mid August 2012. Training and improvements will follow.

Establishment and dissemination of branding guidelines

CGIAR branding guidelines were shared with CRP6 component leaders at an internal operational meeting in Nairobi in July.

Creation and maintenance of a CRP6 communications calendar

A calendar listing all planned communication support for CRP6 outputs and activities in 2012 was produced, hosted on Google Docs and shared among communication focal points.

This research was carried out as part of the CGIAR Research Programme, ‘Forests, Trees and Agroforestry: Livelihoods, Landscapes and Governance’. The programme aims to enhance management and use of forests, agroforestry and tree genetic resources across the landscape from forests to farms. CIFOR leads the collaborative programme in partnership with Bioversity International, the International Center for Tropical Agriculture and the World Agroforestry Centre.

www.cifor.org/crp6

CGIAR Research Program on Forests, Trees and Agroforestry3].pdf · CGIAR Research Program on...

Documents

Transcript of CGIAR Research Program on Forests, Trees and Agroforestry3].pdf · CGIAR Research Program on...