CGE Greenhouse Gas Inventory Hands-On Training Workshop

8/14/2019 CGE Greenhouse Gas Inventory Hands-On Training Workshop

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6.1

UNFCCC NAI SOFTWARESector: Waste

Practical Aspects and Exercises

CGEGreenhouse Gas Inventory

Hands-on Training Workshop


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6.2

CONTENT

Details on use of the UNFCCC -NAI Software to calculateand report GHG emissions in the Waste sector.Practical exercises (to be solved by the participants after

the presentation).


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6.3

BACKGROUND

The decision trees in the IPCC good practiceguidance (GPG2000) are used to choose a goodpractice method that suits national circumstances.The UNFCCC-NAI Software contains, basically, themethods of lesser complexity that countries canuse to prepare their inventories.However, in principle, the software can be used toreport the estimated emissions independently of the complexity of method used (Tier 2, 3, etc).


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6.4

SECTOR: WASTE Sector 6: WasteSource Categories and Subcategories Worksheets6A. CH 4 Emissions from Solid Waste Disposal 6-1s1 and 6-1sA to 6-1sC (4)6B1. CH 4 Emissions from Domestic and Commercial Wastewater andSludge

6-2s1 to 6-2s4 (4)

6B2. CH 4 Emissions From Industrial Wastewater and Sludge Handling 6-3s1 to 6-3s4 (4)6B2. Indirect Nitrous Oxide emissions from Human Sewage 6-4s1 (1) (*)6C. Waste Incineration 6-5s1 (1) (**)(#) Quantity of sheets

Changes in the worksheets with respect to the IPCC Software* To avoid double counting, a column was included in the UNFCCCNAI Software for considering

(decrease) the amount of sewage N applied to soils as sewage sludge (Nsewsludge).

** The UNFCCCNAI Software includes a worksheet to calculate the emissions of CO 2, CH 4 and N 2O fromwaste incineration. Such as worksheet was not included in the IPCC software and the IPCC Guidelines.


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6.5

SECTOR: WASTECH 4 Emissions from Solid Waste Disposal

SECTOR: WASTE (1)UNFCCC -

NAISOFTWARE

MAINCATEGORIES

Tier 1:Worksheets

Remarks

6A. CH 4 Emissions fromSolid WasteDisposal

6-1s1 and 6-1Ato 6-1C

- The IPCC Guidelines do not classify methodological tiers for the Wastesector. Methodological tiers 1 and 2 are defined in the GPG2000. The twomethods can yield quite different estimates.Tier 1. Default Method- Based on the assumption that all potential CH 4 is released in the year thewaste is disposed. If the amount or composition of waste change rapidly over time this method will not provide an accurate trend.- If the activity data are available then there is not difficulty in using the Tier 1Method and the software to estimate CH 4 emissions, but it is recommended touse this method only as a last alternative until the IPCC 2006 Guidelines areavailable.

- Most of the factors required to apply this method can usually be obtained or estimated. Default values can also be applied.- It is required to know the population whose waste goes to SWDs (total or urban), the MSW generation rate (country specific or default), and the fractionof MSW disposed of in SWDs (country-specific or default). The parameter Lo(methane generation potential) is more difficult because it requires that thedegradable organic component (DOC) be known, which is based on thecomposition of the waste.


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6.6


SECTOR: WASTE (2)

UNFCCC -NAI

SOFTWARE

MAINCATEGORIES

Tier 1:Worksheets

Remarks

6A. CH4Emissions fromSolid WasteDisposal

6-1s1 and 6-1Ato 6-1C

Tier 1. Default Method.When applying this method keep in mind that:1 - If a significant quantity of organic industrial solid waste is disposed of toSWDs, care should be taken to determine the per capita solid waste generationrate and DOC.2 - DOCf: The default value provided in the IPCC Guidelines is appropriate if lignin C is excluded. If lignin C is included a value in the range 0.50.6 should

be used.3 - Oxidation factor is assumed as zero except for well managed sites where 0.1is reasonable.4 - CO 2 emissions are reported if combustion is used as a management practiceat solid waste disposal sites (CO 2 emissions from non-biogenic sources areincluded in the totals). It is necessary to know the composition of the materialthat is combusted.5 - Sludge from wastewater handling if often disposed of to SWDs. Emissionsfrom this sludge should be included under this category.6 - Add notes in the documentation box of the worksheet clarifying if all SWDswere included and if any industrial sites were included.


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6.7


SECTOR: WASTE (3)

UNFCCC -NAISOFTWARE

MAINCATEGORIES

Tier 1:Worksheets

Tier 2Methods

Remarks

6A. CH4Emissions fromSolid WasteDisposal

First Order Decay(FOD)Method

Tier 2.- It is good practice to use the FOD method, if possible, because it moreaccurately reflects the emission trend.- Produces a time-dependent emission profile that better reflects the true

pattern of the degradation process.- Requires data on current as well as historic waste quantities, compositionand disposal practices. It is good practice to estimate this historical data if such data are unavailable.- The IPCC Guidelines do not provide default values or methods for theestimation of some key parameters. However, the main difficulties of thismethod are also related with Lo besides the historical behavior of somevariables. Other parameters can be obtained from recommended interval.- With the UNFCCCNAI software is impossible to calculate the methaneemissions, in this source category, using the FOD method (Tier 2).

Suggestion : If that approach is used in substitution of the default method,then: 1) make the calculations outside of the software, 2) incorporate theresults manually in the Sectoral Table and the Tables of Summary of theInventory, 3) add a note to the documentation boxes of Tables 6-1s1 and6-1sA to 6-1B clarifying the method used and results obtained. Providedetailed information in the NIR.


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6.8

SECTOR: WASTECH 4 Emissions from Domestic and Commercial

Wastewater and Sludge Handling SECTOR: WASTE (4)

UNFCCC NAI

SOFTWARE

MAINCATEGORIES

Tier 1:Worksheets

Remarks

6B1. CH 4 Emissionsfrom Domestic andCommercialWastewater andSludge

6-2s1 to 6-2s4The IPCCGuidelinesdescribe asingle methodfor calculatingCH 4 emissions.

- If Activity Data are available then there is no difficulty in using thesoftware to estimate emissions.- Emissions are a function of the amount of waste generated and an EF.Any CH 4 that is recovered and flared or used for energy should besubtracted from total emissions.- Good practice is to use country-specific data expressed in terms of kgCH 4/kg BOD removed. If country-specific data are not available, a defaultvalue can be used. It is good practice to use a default value of 0.6 kgCH 4/kg BOD.


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6.9

SECTOR: WASTECH 4 Emissions from Domestic and Commercial


UNFCCC NAI

SOFTWARE

MAINCATEGORIES

Tier 1:Worksheets

Remarks

6B1. CH 4 Emissionsfrom Domestic andCommercialWastewater andSludge

6-2s1 to 6-2s4The IPCCGuidelinesdescribe asingle methodfor calculatingCH 4 emissions.

Notes:1 - The IPCC Guidelines provide only one default value of Bo that has to

be applied to both COD and BOD. This is not consistent with the observeddifferences between BOD and COD in raw sewage.2 - If default factors are being used, emissions from wastewater and sludgecan be estimated together.3 - CH 4 emissions from sludge sent to landfills or used in agriculture arenot included in this sector.4 - Sludge incinerated as part of energy recovery should be included in theenergy sector.


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6.10

SECTOR: WASTEExercise 6.1: CH 4 Emissions from Domestic and Commercial

Wastewater and Sludge Handling (I)

Country A: Year: 2000. Worksheets 6-2s1 to 6-2s4Data

The National Statistics Office has provided the informationincluded in the following table.

5 000 tonne015 330 kgBOD/1000persons/yr

18 250.5

Methanerecovered

Fraction of DOC removed

as sludge

Degradableorganic

component

Population(1000 persons)


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6.11


Wastewater and Sludge Handling (II)

Other Data:Use the following values for the calculation:

0.150.3Latrines and septicsystems

Uncollected(treated on site)

0.80.02Lagoons(anaerobic deep)

Collected(sewered to plant)

0.750.05Not specified

Methaneconversion factor

for the handlingsystem

Fraction of wastewater

treated by thehandling system

Wastewater handling system

With regular sediment removal


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6.12


Wastewater and Sludge Handling (III)

TasksUsing the UNFCCC-NAI Software:

Calculate net CH 4 emissions.

Verify the emissions report in the Sectoral and SummaryTables.Fill Table 8A (Overview Table) for the self evaluation of qualityand completeness.Print the worksheet used, the Sectoral Summary Table and the

Overview Table (8A).


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6.13


Wastewater and Sludge Handling (IV)

Steps2. Open the software and select in the Waste sector

Worksheet 6-2s1 Estimation of Organic Wastewater andSludge.

3. Specify in column A that the estimation is for all country.4. Enter population data in Column B, and DOC in column C.5. Specify the Fraction of DOC removed as sludge. The

software calculates the Total Domestic/CommercialOrganic Wastewater.


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6.14


Wastewater and Sludge Handling (V)

StepsGo to Worksheet 6-2s2 and specify in column A theWastewater Handling Systems used in the country.Enter in column B the Fraction of Wastewater Treated bythe Handling Systems and in C the Methane ConversionFactor. Enter in E the Maximum Methane ProducingCapacity (0.6 kg CH4/kg BOD). The software calculatesthe EF.

Go to Worksheet 6-2s4 and enter in D the MethaneRecovered. The software calculates Net CH 4 emissions.


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6.15

ESTIMATION OF ORGANIC WASTEWATER


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6.16

ESTIMATION OF EMISSION FACTOR


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6.17

CH4 EMISSIONS FROMDOMESTIC AND COMMERCIAL

WASTEWATER HANDLING


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6.18

CH4 EMISSIONS FROM DOMESTICA AND COMMERCIALWASTEWATER HANDLING IN THE SECTORAL

REPORT TABLE


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6.19

CH4 EMISSIONS FROM DOMESTIC AND COMMERCIALWASTEWATER HANDLING IN THE SUMMARY

REPORT TABLE


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6.20

SECTOR: WASTECH 4 Emissions from Industrial


UNFCCC - NAISOFTWAREMAINCATEGORIESTier 1:

Worksheets

Remarks

6B2. CH4Emissions FromIndustrialWastewater andSludge Handling

6-3s1 to 6-3s4- The method issimilar to the oneused for domesticwastewater.

- The developmentof EF and AD ismore complex

because there aremany types of wastewater andmany differentindustries.

- If activity data are available then there is no difficulty in using the software toestimate emissions.If no national data are available:- Estimate CH 4 for all industries using expert judgment or default values for COD data.Suggestion:

1. If possible, collect or estimate COD data for the three or four most importantindustry types with treatment in site (e.g. food and beverages, pulp and paper,textiles, petrochemicals, etc.).

2. Calculate CH 4 emissions from industrial wastewater based on COD from mostimportant industries.


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6.21

SECTOR: WASTECH 4 Emissions from Industrial

Wastewater and Sludge Handling

SECTOR: WASTE (5)

UNFCCC - NAISOFTWARE

MAINCATEGORIES

Tier 1:Worksheets

Remarks

6B2. CH 4 Emissions FromIndustrialWastewater andSludge Handling

6-3s1 to 6-3s4- The method issimilar to the oneused for domesticwastewater.

- The developmentof EF and AD ismore complex

because there aremany types of wastewater andmany differentindustries.

Notes:- Typical COD values for some industries provided in the IPCC Guidelines were updated inGPG2000 (Table 5.4). The units for wastewater generation and COD in this Table aredifferent (but equivalent) to those of the workbook and the software.- The EF calculation in worksheets 6-3s2 and 6-3s3 should be made for specific industrial

wastewater sources. To do this it would be necessary to copy and insert these worksheetsseveral times and to assure the necessary links. Another option is to make an aggregatedanalysis for each type of Wastewater Handling System used for industry type (or for all theindustries).- Possibility of double counting emissions due to some industrial wastewater being releasedinto municipal sewerage systems and accounted under Domestic and CommercialWastewater.- Possible overestimation of CH 4 emissions as a result of the incineration of sludge.


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SECTOR: WASTEIndirect N 2O Emissions from Human Sewage

SECTOR: WASTE (6)

UNFCCC -NAI

SOFTWARE

MAINCATEGORIES

Tier 1:Worksheets

Remarks

6B2. Indirect Nitrous Oxide

emissions fromHuman Sewage

6-4s1 Default Method- Method based on per capita protein consumption. This method for

estimating N 2O emissions from N in sewage that is discharged into riversand/or estuaries is presented in chapter 4 Agriculture of GPG2000, althoughthese emissions are reported under the Waste sector (Domestic andCommercial Wastewater).- Requires knowing the average annual Per Capita Protein consumption inthe country, the Population in the Country, the Fraction of N in Protein andthe EF (EF6). Country-specific and default data may be used.Note: Country-specific values of EF6 must be used with great caution

because of the complexity of this emission pathway. - The software can be used directly for the estimation.- To avoid double counting, a column for considering (decrease) the amountof sewage N applied to soils as sewage sludge (Nsewsludge) was includedin the software.


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6.23

SECTOR: WASTEEmissions from Waste Incineration

SECTOR: WASTE (7)UNFCCC - NAI

SOFTWAREMAIN

CATEGORIESTier 1: Worksheets

Remarks

6C. WasteIncineration

- This source categorywas not included in theWorkbook and the IPCCSoftware, therefore thereare no Worksheets.- The Reference sectionof the IPCC GuidelinesManual describes ageneral approach and

provides references tomethods available for some of the gases.- The UNFCCCNAISoftware includes a

worksheet to calculatethe emissions of CO 2,CH 4 and N 2O from wasteincineration. The IPCCsoftware and the IPCCGuidelines do notinclude worksheets for this source category.

Emissions from this source category can be estimated using the UNFCCCNAIsoftware.- GPG2000 provides approaches to determine the emissions of CO 2 and N 2O(emissions of CH 4 are not likely to be significant).- The method requires knowing waste incinerated, EF and the burn out efficiency of combustion. Country-specific and default values may be used.- The most accurate estimates can be developed by determining the emissions for eachtype of waste (e.g. municipal solid waste, sewage sludge, clinical waste and hazardouswaste).Notes:1 - Only CO 2 emissions resulting from the incineration of carbon in waste of fossilorigin (e.g. plastics, certain textiles, rubber, liquid solvents and waste oil) should beincluded.2 - CO 2 emissions from combustion used as a management practice at SWDSs are to be

included under Solid Waste Disposal.3 - Emissions without energy recovery have to be reported in the Waste Sector,whereas emissions with energy recovery should be reported in the Energy Sector.


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6.24

NEW WORSHEET 6-5S1 INCLUDED IN THE UNFCCCNAI SOFTWAREFOR CALCULATING EMISSIONS FROM WASTE INCINERATION


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6.25

SECTOR: WASTEExercise for self evaluation 1: CH 4 from Solid Waste

Disposal on Land (I)

Country A: Year: 2000.Data

The Environment Ministry provided data on solid wastedisposal in the country during the year 2000. It alsoprovided results from studies carried out on solid wastecharacterization.Determine the CH 4 emissions from the disposition of solidwaste on land using the UNFCCC-NAI Software.

Verify in the Sectoral Report Table and the SummaryTables of the Inventory the report of results obtained.


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6.26


Disposal on Land (II)

Proportion of waste for each type of SWDSs

COUNTRY A: YEAR 2000. DATA RELATED WITH SOLID WASTES DISPOSAL

0Recovered methane per year (Gg)

0.18Fraction of DOC in MSW

0.3Unmanaged-shallow

0.7Managed

1Fraction of MSW disposed to SWDSs

0.68 kg/capita/dayMSW generation rate

8 666 744 personsUrban population of the country


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6.27


Disposal on Land (III)

RESULTS113.73 Gg CH 4CH 4 emissions from solid waste disposal on land


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6 28

Thank you

CGE Greenhouse Gas Inventory Hands-On Training Workshop

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