O Desenvolvimento económico e a sustentabilidade no uso dos recursos

Paulo Ferrão

Population

United Nations – Population Division

0

1 000 000

2 000 000

3 000 000

4 000 000

5 000 000

6 000 000

7 000 000

8 000 000

9 000 000

10 000 000

1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050

WORLD

More developed regions

Less developed regions

Economy and material resources

Adapted from Bringezu and Schütz, 2000, Total Material Requirement of the European Union, European Environment Agency, Technical report No 55.

(1988-1997)

Ma

teria

l co

nsu

mp

tio

nper

ca

pita

(t)

Canas, A., Ferrão, P. and Conceição, P. (2003) “A new environmental kuznets curve? Relationship between direct material input and income per capita: evidence from industrialized countries”. Ecological Economics, 46 - 2, pp. 217-229.

An “universal law” ?

Too much …

Available in: http://www.footprintnetwork.org

Nature – ecosystem, metabolism

Producers Consumenrs

DecomposersNutrients reservoir

Energy

Nutrients

Economy and urbanisation

Urbanização e PIB per Capita de vários países, 2000 (1996 US$)World Bank 2009

Source: Data on urbanization: World Bank World Development Indicators 2005. Data on per capita GDP: Heston, Summers, and Aten n.d.; Penn World Table Version 6.2; Center for International Comparisons of Production, Income and Prices at the University of Pennsylvania, real 1996 GDP per capita (chain), September 2006 (http://pwt.econ.upenn.edu/).

Bangalore urban metabolism

Xangai urban metabolism

Lisboa urban metabolism

Urban metabolism

0,0

5,0

10,0

15,0

20,0

25,0

30,0

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40

DM

I p

er

cap

ita

(t/

cap

)

GDP per capita (thousand international US$ / cap)

Paris

Lisbon

Bangkok

Shanghai

Bangalore

Ho Chi Minh

Seoul

Manila

median

How much is enough ?

Is there hope ?

Thomas O. Wiedmann, Heinz Schandlb,d, Manfred Lenzenc, Daniel Moranc,e, Sangwon Suhf, James Westb, and Keiichiro Kanemotoc (2013)“The material footprint of nations”, PNAS

Industrial Ecology - metabolisms

Producers Consumenrs

DecomposersNutrients reservoir

Energy

Nutrients

ECONOMY

METABOLISM

Sustainable Cities